nach oben

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Erschienen in:

01.07.2010

Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy

verfasst von: Maromi Nei, Ryan Hays

Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Ausgabe 4/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a significant cause of death for people with epilepsy. Recent research suggests that multiple factors may contribute and that both cardiac and respiratory mechanisms are involved. Both human and animal data suggest that specific genetic factors might play a role in some cases. Recent animal data suggest that serotonin might affect respiratory mechanisms and may be involved. Both cardiac and respiratory abnormalities are more likely with generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Uncontrolled epilepsy, particularly with generalized tonic–clonic seizures, appears to be the most highly associated modifiable risk factor for SUDEP.

Nashef L, Fish DR, Garner S, et al.: Sudden death in epilepsy: a study of incidence in a young cohort with epilepsy and learning difficulty. Epilepsia 1995, 36(12):1187–1194.CrossRefPubMed

Hughes JR: A review of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: prediction of patients at risk. Epilepsy Behav 2009, 14:280–287.CrossRefPubMed

Epilepsy Atlas. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2005.

Nei M, Bagla R: Seizure-related injury and death. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2007, 7:335–341.CrossRefPubMed

Langan Y, Nashef L, Sander JW: Certification of deaths attributable to epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002, 73:751–752.CrossRefPubMed

Ficker DM, So EL, Shen WK, et al.: Population-based study of the incidence of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. Neurology 1998, 51(5):1270–1274.PubMed

Walczak TS, Leppik IE, D’Amelio M, et al.: Incidence and risk factors in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. A prospective cohort study. Neurology 2001, 56:519–525.PubMed

Tomson T, Nashef L, Ryvlin P: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: current knowledge and future directions. Lancet Neurol 2008, 7:1021–1031.CrossRefPubMed

Harvey AS, Nolan T, Carlin JB: Community-based study of mortality in children with epilepsy. Epilepsia 1993, 34:597–603.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Donner EJ, Smith CR, Snead OC: Sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy. Neurology 2001, 57:430–434.PubMed

11.

Camfield CS, Camfield PR, Veugelers PJ: Death in children with epilepsy: a population-based study. Lancet 2002, 359:1891–1895.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Weber P, Bubl R, Blauenstein U, et al.: Sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy: a cohort study with an eighteen-year follow-up. Acta Paediatr 2005, 94:564–567.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Nilsson L, Farahmand BY, Persson PG, et al.: Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a case-control study. Lancet 1999, 353(9156):888–893.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Langan Y, Nashef L, Sander JW: Case-control study of SUDEP. Neurology 2005, 64:1131–1133.PubMed

15.

Beran RG, Weber S, Sungaran R, et al.: Review of the legal obligations of the doctor to discuss sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP)—a cohort controlled comparative cross-matched study in an outpatient epilepsy clinic. Seizure 2004, 13:523–528.CrossRefPubMed

16.

•• Faught E, Duh MS, Weiner JS, et al.: Nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs and increased mortality. Findings from the RANSOM Study. Neurology 2008, 71(20):1572–1578. This well-designed study followed more than 33,000 patients in Florida, Iowa, and New Jersey, using a Medicaid pharmacy claims database. The authors analyzed a 3-month interval during which patients appeared to use their medications regularly versus periods when patients did not. The authors demonstrated that there was a significantly greater risk of mortality, as well as emergency department visits, vehicle injuries, and fractures, during periods of noncompliance with AEDs.CrossRefPubMed

17.

George JR, Davis GG: Comparison of anti-epileptic drug levels in different cases of sudden death. J Forensic Sci 1998, 43:598–603.PubMed

18.

Opeskin K, Burke MP, Cordner SM, et al.: Comparison of antiepileptic drug levels in sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy with deaths from other causes. Epilepsia 1999, 40(12):1795–1798.CrossRefPubMed

19.

Tomson T, Skold AC, Holmgen P, et al.: Postmortem changes in blood concentrations of phenytoin and carbamazepine: an experimental study. Ther Drug Monit 1998, 20:309–312.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Timmings PL: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a local audit. Seizure 1993, 2:287–290.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Aurlien D, Tauboll E, Gjerstad L: Lamotrigine in idiopathic epilepsy—increased risk of cardiac death? Acta Neurol Scand 2007, 115:199–203.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Hitiris N, Suratman S, Kelly K, et al.: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a search for risk factors. Epilepsy Behav 2007, 10:138–141.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Vlooswijk MC, Majoie HJ, De Krom MC, et al.: SUDEP in the Netherlands: a retrospective study in a tertiary referral center. Seizure 2007, 16:153–159.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Leestma JE, Annegers IF, Brodie MI, et al.: Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy: observations from a large clinical development program. Epilepsia 1997, 38:47–55.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Opeskin K, Harvey AS, Cordner SM, et al.: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in Victoria. J Clin Neurosci 2000, 7(1):34–37.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Opeskin K, Berkovic SF: Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a controlled prospective study based on coroners cases. Seizure 2003, 12:456–464.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Terra-Bustamante VC, Scorza CA, de Albuquerque M, et al.: Does the lunar phase have an effect on sudden unexpected death in epilepsy? Epilepsy Behav 2009, 14(2):404–406.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Bell GS, Peacock JL, Sander JW: Seasonality as a risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a study in a large cohort. Epilepsia 2009 Oct 27 (Epub ahead of print).

29.

Schnabel R, Beblo M, May TW: Is geomagnetic activity a risk factor for sudden unexplained death in epilepsies? Neurology 2000, 54:903–908.PubMed

30.

Langan Y, Nashef L, Sander JW: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a series of witnessed cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000, 68:211–213.CrossRefPubMed

31.

Strauss DJ, Day SM, Shavelle RM, et al.: Remote symptomatic epilepsy: does seizure severity increase mortality? Neurology 2003, 60:395–399.PubMed

32.

Hays RS, Sperling MR: Epilepsy surgery and the prevention of SUDEP. In Sudden Death in Epilepsy: Forensic and Clinical Issues. Edited by Lathers C, Schraeder PL, Bungo MW, et al. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group LLC; In press.

33.

Salanova V, Markand O, Worth R: Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: outcome, complications, and late mortality rate in 215 patients. Epilepsia 2002, 43(2):170–174.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Sperling MR, Harris A, Nei M, et al.: Mortality after epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia 2005, 46(11):49–53.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Stavem K, Guldvog B: Long-term survival after epilepsy surgery compared with matched epilepsy controls and the general population. Epilepsy Res 2005, 63(1):67–75.CrossRefPubMed

36.

• Bateman LM, Li CS, Seyal M: Ictal hypoxemia in localization-related epilepsy: analysis of incidence, severity and risk factors. Brain 2008, 131(Pt 12):3239–3245. This study evaluated the oxygen saturation data from 304 seizures in 56 patients with refractory focal epilepsy and found that desaturations occur frequently. Oxygen desaturations below 90% occurred in 33.2% of seizures. The risk for hypoxemia was increased for temporal seizures, seizures with EEG evidence of contralateral spread, and seizures of longer duration.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Seyal M, Bateman LM: Ictal apnea linked to contralateral spread of temporal lobe seizures: intracranial EEG recordings in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2009, 50:2557–2562.CrossRefPubMed

38.

So EL, Sam MD, Lagerlund TL: Postictal central apnea as a cause of SUDEP: evidence from a near-SUDEP incident. Epilepsia 2000, 41:1494–1497.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Venit EL, Shepard BD, Seyfried TN: Oxygenation prevents sudden death in seizure-prone mice. Epilepsia 2004, 45:993–996.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Tupal S, Faingold CL: Evidence supporting a role of serotonin in modulation of sudden death induced by seizures in DBA/2 mice. Epilepsia 2006, 47:21–26.CrossRefPubMed

41.

Uteshev VV, Tupal S, Mhaskar Y, Faingold CL: Abnormal serotonin receptor expression in DBA/2 mice associated with susceptibility to sudden death due to respiratory arrest. Epilepsy Res 2010, 88:183–188.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Nei M: Cardiac effects of seizures. Epilepsy Curr 2009, 9(4):1–5.

43.

Schuele S, Bermeo AC, Alexopoulos AV, et al.: Video-electrographic and clinical features in patients with ictal asystole. Neurology 2007, 69:434–441.CrossRefPubMed

44.

Nei M, Ho RT, Sperling MR: EKG abnormalities during partial seizures in refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia 2000, 41:542–548.CrossRefPubMed

45.

Opherk C, Coromilas J, Hirsch LJ: Heart rate and EKG changes in 102 seizures: analysis of influencing factors. Epilepsy Res 2002, 52(2):117–127.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Rugg-Gunn F, Simister RJ, Squirell M, et al.: Cardiac arrhythmias in focal epilepsy: a prospective long-term study. Lancet 2004, 364:2212–2227.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Schuele S, Bermeo AC, Locatelli E, et al.: Ictal asystole: a benign condition? Epilepsia 2008, 49:168–171.CrossRefPubMed

48.

Dasheiff RM, Dickinson LJ: Sudden unexpected death of epileptic patient due to cardiac arrhythmia after seizure. Arch Neurol 1986, 43:194–196.PubMed

49.

Nei M, Ho RT, Abou-Khalil BW, et al.: EEG and ECG in sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2004, 45:338–345.CrossRefPubMed

50.

• Espinosa PS, Lee JW, Tedrow UB, et al.: Sudden unexpected near death in epilepsy (SUNDEP): malignant ventricular arrhythmia from a partial seizure. Neurology 2009, 72:1702–1703. This case reports the first well-documented evidence of a seizure causing a ventricular arrhythmia, revealing that malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias may occur with seizures and might be responsible for some deaths in SUDEP.CrossRefPubMed

51.

Tavernor SJ, Brown SW, Tavernor RM, Gifford C: Electrocardiographic QT lengthening associated with epileptiform EEG discharges—a role in sudden unexplained death in epilepsy? Seizure 1996, 5:79–83.CrossRefPubMed

52.

Surges R, Adjei P, Kallis C, et al.: Pathologic cardiac repolarization in pharmacoresistant epilepsy and its potential role in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a case-control study. Epilepsia 2010, 51:233–242.CrossRefPubMed

53.

Ansakorpi H, Korpelainen JT, Suominen K, et al.: Interictal cardiovascular autonomic responses in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2000, 41:42–47.CrossRefPubMed

54.

Hennessy MJ, Tighe MG, Binnie CD, Nashef L: Sudden withdrawal of carbamazepine increases cardiac sympathetic activity in sleep. Neurology 2001, 57:1650–1654.PubMed

55.

Tavee J, Morris H: Severe postictal laryngospasm as a potential mechanism for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a near-miss in an EMU. Epilepsia 2008, 49(12): 2113–2117.CrossRefPubMed

56.

McLean BN, Wimalaratna S: Sudden death in epilepsy recorded in ambulatory EEG. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007, 78:1395–1397.CrossRefPubMed

57.

Lee MA: EEG video recording of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Epilepsia 1998, 39(Suppl 6):123–124.

58.

Bird JM, Dembny KAT, Sandeman D, Butler S: Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy: an intracranially monitored case. Epilepsia 1997, 38(Suppl 11):S52–S56.

59.

Young T, Finn L, Peppard PE, et al.: Sleep disordered breathing and mortality: eighteen-year follow-up of the Wisconsin sleep cohort. Sleep 2008, 31(8):1071–1078.PubMed

60.

Nashef L, Walker F, Allen P, et al.: Apnoea and bradycardia during epileptic seizures: relation to sudden death in epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996, 60(3):297–300.CrossRefPubMed

61.

Johnson JN, Hofman N, Haglund CM, et al.: Identification of a possible pathogenic link between congenital long QT syndrome and epilepsy. Neurology 2009, 72:224–231.CrossRefPubMed

62.

•• Goldman AM, Glasscock E, Yoo J, et al.: Arrhythmia in heart and brain: KCNQ1 mutations link epilepsy and sudden unexplained death. Sci Trans Med 2009, 1(2):1–9. This study on mutant mice engineered to carry the human KCNQ1 mutation, which has been linked with human long QT syndrome (which can cause sudden cardiac death), revealed for the first time that the same mutation might cause both epileptiform and cardiac abnormalities. These data suggest that some people with epilepsy might have a channelopathy causing both seizures and long QT syndrome, which might account for some sudden deaths in epilepsy.

63.

Omichi C, Momose Y, Kitahara S: Congenital long QT syndrome presenting with a history of epilepsy: misdiagnosis or relationship between channelopathies of the heart and brain? Epilepsia 2010, 51(2):289–292.CrossRefPubMed

64.

Aurlien D, Leren TP, Tauboll E, Gjerstad L: New SCN5A mutation in a SUDEP victim with idiopathic epilepsy. Seizure 2009, 18(2):158–160.CrossRefPubMed

65.

Terrence CF, Rao GR, Perper JA: Neurogenic pulmonary edema in unexpected, unexplained death of epileptic patients. Ann Neurol 1981, 9:458–464.CrossRefPubMed

66.

Earnest MP, Thomas GE, Eden RA, et al.: The sudden unexplained death syndrome in epilepsy: demographic, clinical, and postmortem features. Epilepsia 1992, 33:310–316.CrossRefPubMed

67.

Natelson BH, Suarez RV, Terrence CF, et al.: Patients with epilepsy who die suddenly have cardiac disease. Arch Neurol 1998, 55:857–860.CrossRefPubMed

68.

Shields LB, Hunsaker DM, Hunsaker JC, Parker JC: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2002, 23(4):307–314.CrossRefPubMed

69.

Thom M, Seetah S, Sisodiya S, et al.: Sudden and unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): evidence of acute neuronal injury using HSP-70 and c-Jun immunohistochemistry. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2003, 29:132–143.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy
verfasst von: Maromi Nei
Ryan Hays
Publikationsdatum: 01.07.2010
Verlag: Current Science Inc.
Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Ausgabe 4/2010
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-010-0116-4

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

23.04.2024 | Demenz | Nachrichten

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy

Abstract

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Parkinson-Therapie im Wandel – aktuelle Leitlinie im Fokus

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

Hustenstiller lindert Agitation bei Alzheimer

Update Neurologie

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2010

What Is Intractable Epilepsy, and When (If Ever) Does It Remit with Medical Treatment?

An Update on Tourette Syndrome

Suicidality in Epilepsy and Possible Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs

Parkinson’s Disease Dementia

Update on Anticonvulsant Drugs

Immunotherapy Approaches for Malignant Glioma From 2007 to 2009

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Parkinson-Therapie im Wandel – aktuelle Leitlinie im Fokus

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

Hustenstiller lindert Agitation bei Alzheimer

Update Neurologie