nach oben

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Erschienen in:

01.09.2018 | Neurotrauma (D Sandsmark, Section Editor)

Sensory Sensitivity in TBI: Implications for Chronic Disability

verfasst von: Megan L. Callahan, Miranda M. Lim

Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Ausgabe 9/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review investigates the relationship between sensory sensitivity and traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the role sensory sensitivity plays in chronic disability.

Recent Findings

TBI is a significant cause of disability with a range of physical, cognitive, and mental health consequences. Sensory sensitivities (e.g., noise and light) are among the most frequently reported, yet least outwardly recognizable symptoms following TBI. Clinicians and scientists alike have yet to identify consistent nomenclature for defining noise and light sensitivity, making it difficult to accurately and reliably assess their influence. Noise and light sensitivity can profoundly affect critical aspects of independent function including communication, productivity, socialization, cognition, sleep, and mental health.

Summary

Research examining the prevalence of sensory sensitivity and evidence for the association of sensory sensitivity with TBI is inconclusive. Evidence-based interventions for sensory sensitivity, particularly following TBI, are lacking.

Carroll LJ, Cassidy JD, Peloso PM, Borg J, von Holst H, Holm L, et al. Prognosis for mild traumatic brain injury: results of the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehab Med. 2004;36:84–105.CrossRef

Narayan RK, Michel ME, Ansell B, Baethmann A, Biegon A, Bracken MB, et al. Clinical trials in head injury. J Neurotrauma. 2002;19:503–57.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Taylor CA, Bell JM, Breiding MJ, Xu L. Traumatic brain injury–related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths—United States, 2007 and 2013. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2017;66:1–16. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6609a1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Terrio H, Brenner LA, Ivins BJ, Cho JM, Helmick K, Schwab K, et al. Traumatic brain injury screening: preliminary findings in a US Army Brigade combat team. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2009;24(1):14–23.CrossRefPubMed

Lovell MR, Collins MW, Podell K, Powell J, Maroon J. ImPACT: immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing. Pittsburgh, PA: NeuroHealth Systems, LLC; 2000.

McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Aubry M, Cantu R, Dvorak J, Echemendia RJ, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012. Brit J Sports Med. 2013;47:250–8.CrossRef

•• Callahan ML, Binder LM, O’Neil ME, Zaccari B, Roost MS, Golshan S, et al. Sensory sensitivity in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans with and without blast exposure and mild traumatic brain injury. Appl Neuropsychol: Adult. 2016;24:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2016.1261867. This study is the first to identify a unique relationship between mild TBI and sensory sensitivity after controlling for psychiatric distress.

Lew HL, Garvert DW, Pogoda TK, Hsu PT, Devine JM, White DK, et al. Auditory and visual impairments in patients with blast-related traumatic brain injury: effect of dual sensory impairment on functional independence measure. J Rehab Res Dev. 2009;46(6):819–26.CrossRef

Pogoda TK, Hendricks AM, Iverson KM, Stolzmann KL, Krengel MH, Baker E, et al. Multisensory impairment reported by veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury history. J Rehab Res Dev. 2012;49(7):971–84.CrossRef

10.

Job RF. Noise sensitivity as a factor influencing human reaction to noise. Noise Health. 1999;1(3):57–68.PubMed

11.

Stansfeld SA. Noise, noise sensitivity and psychiatric disorder: epidemiological and psychophysiological studies. Psych Med. 1992;22:1–44. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0264180100001119.CrossRef

12.

Chang TT, Ciuffreda KJ, Kapoor N. Critical flicker frequency and related symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2007;21:1055–62.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Digre KB, Brennan KC. Shedding light on photophobia. J Neuroophth. 2012;32:68–81.CrossRef

14.

Lew HL, et al. Dual sensory impairment (DSI) in traumatic brain injury (TBI)—an emerging interdisciplinary challenge. Neuro Rehab. 2010;26:213–22.

15.

Echemendia RJ, Meeuwisse W, McCrory P, Davis GA, Putukian M, Leddy J, et al. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5^th Edition (SCAT5). Br J Sports Med. 2017;0:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097506.CrossRef

16.

Cicerone KD, Kalmar K. Persistent postconcussion syndrome: the structure of subjective complaints after mild traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1995;10(3):1–17.CrossRef

17.

King NS, Crawford S, Wenden FJ, Moss NE, Wade DT. The Rivermead postconcussion symptoms questionnaire: a measure of symptoms commonly experienced after head injury and its reliability. J Neurol. 1995;242(9):587–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00868811.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Weinstein ND. Individual differences in reactions to noise: a longitudinal study in a college dormitory. J App Psych. 1978;63:458–66.CrossRef

19.

Verriotto JD, Gonzalez A, Aguilar MC, Parel J-MA, Feuer WJ, Smith AR, et al. New methods for quantification of visual photosensitivity threshold and symptoms. Trans Vis Sci Tech. 2017;6(4):18. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.6.4.18.CrossRef

20.

Smith A. The concept of noise sensitivity: implications for noise control. Noise Health. 2003;5:57–9.PubMed

21.

Shepherd D, Hautus MJ, Lee SY, Mulgrew J. Electrophysiological approaches to noise sensitivity. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2016;38(8):900–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2016.1176995.CrossRefPubMed

22.

•• Kliuchko M, Heinonen-Guzejev M, Vuust P, Tervaniemi M, Brattico E. A window into the brain mechanisms associated with noise sensitivity. Sci Rep. 2016;6 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39236. The authors used a physiological approach to study the brain mechanisms associated with noise sensitivity, which correctly identified central auditory response patterns experienced by noise-sensitive individuals.

23.

Aguilar MC, Gonzalez A, Rowaan C, Lee W, de Freitas C, Alawa K, et al. BPEI photosensitivity tester: instrument design and test results in healthy subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:4108.

24.

Heinonen-Guzejev, M. (2008). Noise sensitivity–medical, psychological and genetic aspects.

25.

Heinonen-Guzejev M, Vuorinen HS, Mussalo-Rauhamaa H, Heikkila K, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J. Genetic component of noise sensitivity. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2005;8:245–9.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Kashluba S, Paniak C, Blake T, Reynolds S, Toller-Lobe G, Nagy J. A longitudinal, controlled study of patient complaints following treated mild traumatic brain injury. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2004;19(6):805–16.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Dikmen S, Machamer J, Fann JR, Temkin NR. Rates of symptom reporting following traumatic brain injury. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2010;16(3):401–11.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Bulson R, Jun W, Hayes J. Visual symptomatology and referral patterns for Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom veterans with traumatic brain injury. JRRD. 2012;49:1075–82.CrossRef

29.

Capo-Aponte JE, Urosevich TG, Temme LA, Tarbett AK, Sanghera NK. Visual dysfunctions and symptoms during the subacute stage of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury. Mil Med. 2012;177:804–13.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Goodrich GL, Flyg HM, Kirby JE, Chang CY, Martinsen GL. Mechanisms of TBI and visual consequences in military and veteran populations. Opt Vis Sci. 2013;90:105–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e31827f15a1.CrossRef

31.

Stelmack JA, Frith T, Van Koevering D, Rinne S, Stelmack TR. Visual function in patients followed at a Veteran Affairs polytrauma network site: an electronic medical record review. Optometry. 2009;80:419–24.CrossRefPubMed

32.

•• Elliott J, Opel RA, Chau AQ, Weymann KB, Callahan ML, Storzbach D, & Lim MM. Sleep disturbances in TBI: associations with sensory sensitivity. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018 epub ahead of print. The authors report a high rate of sleep dysfunction in patients with sensory sensitivity, and link PTSD autonomic arousal to sensory sensitivity using an overnight sleep study. This is the first study to examine the relationship between sensory sensitivity and sleep in a TBI population.

33.

Lew HL, Pogoda TK, Baker E, Stolzmann KL, Meterko M, Cifu DX, et al. Prevalence of dual sensory impairment and its association with traumatic brain injury and blast exposure in OEF/OIF veterans. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2011;26(6):489–96.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Chafi MS, Karami G, Ziejewski M. Biomechanical assessment of brain dynamic responses due to blast pressure waves. Ann Biomed Eng. 2010;38(2):490–504.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Taber KH, Warden DL, Hurley RA. Blast-related traumatic brain injury: what is known? J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006;18:141–5.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Iverson GL. Outcome from mild traumatic brain injury. Cur Op Psychiatry. 2005;18:301–17.CrossRef

37.

Myers PJ, Wilmington DJ, Gallun FJ, Henry JA, Fausti SA. Hearing impairment and traumatic brain injury among soldiers: special considerations for the audiologist. Sem Hearing. 2009;30(1):5–27.CrossRef

38.

Nields JA, Fallon BA, Jastreboff PJ. Carbamazepine in the treatment of Lyme disease-induced hyperacusis. J Neuropsychiatrcy Clin Neurosci. 1999;11:97–9.CrossRef

39.

Gallun FJ, Diedesch AC, Kubli LR, Walden TC, Folmer RL, Lewis MS, et al. Performance on tests of central auditory processing by individuals exposed to high-intensity blasts. JRRD. 2012;49(7):1005–24.CrossRef

40.

Alwis DS, Yan EB, Morganti-Kossmann MC, Rajan R. Sensory cortex underpinnings of traumatic brain injury deficits. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52169.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Carron SF, Alwis DS, Rajan R. Traumatic brain injury and neuronal functionality changes in sensory cortex. Front Syst Neurosci. 2016;10:47.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

42.

Yi JH, Hazell AS. Excitotoxic mechanisms and the role of astrocytic glutamate transporters in traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int. 2006;48:394–403.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Shively SB, Horkayne-Szakaly I, Jones RV, Kelly JP, Armstrong RC, Perl DP. Characterization of interface astrological scarring in the human brain after blast exposure: a post-mortem case series. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:944–53.CrossRefPubMed

44.

Niogi SN, Mukerjee P. Diffusion tensor imaging of mild traumatic brain injury. JHTR. 2010;25:241–55.PubMed

45.

Kaas JH. The evolution of the complex sensory and motor systems of the human brain. Brain Res Bull. 2008;75:384–90.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Greenwald BD, Kapoor N, Singh AD. Visual impairments in the first year after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2012;26(11):1338–59. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2012.706356.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Du T, Ciuffreda KJ, Kapoor N. Elevated dark adaptation thresholds in traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2005;19:1125–38.CrossRefPubMed

48.

Kapoor N, Ciuffreda K. Vision deficits following acquired brain injury. In: Cristian A, editor. Medical management of adults with neurologic disabilities. New York (NY): Demos Medical Publishing; 2009. p. 407–23.

49.

Mesulam MM. The human frontal lobes: transcending the default mode through contingent encoding. In: Principles of frontal lobe function; 2002. p. 8–30.CrossRef

50.

Wolf JA, Koch PF. Disruption of network synchrony and cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Front Syst Neurosci. 2016;10

51.

Barnes DE, Byers AL, Gardner RC, Seal KH, Boscardin WJ, Yaffe K. Association of mild traumatic brain injury with and without loss of consciousness with dementia in US military veterans. JAMA Neurology. 2018;

52.

Chen H, Richard M, Sandler DP, Umbach DM, Kamel F. Head injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;166(7):810–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

53.

Fleminger S, Oliver DL, Lovestone S, Rabe-Hesketh S, Giora A. Head injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: the evidence 10 years on; a partial replication. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:857–62.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

54.

Goldman SM, Tanner CM, Oakes D, Bhudhikanok GS, Gupta A, Langston JW. Head injury and Parkinson’s disease risk in twins. Ann Neurol. 2006;60(1):65–72.CrossRefPubMed

55.

Jafari S, Etminan M, Aminzadeh F, Samii A. Head injury and risk of Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Movement disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2013;28(9):1222–9.CrossRef

56.

Kalkonde YV, Jawaid A, Qureshi SU, Shirani P, Wheaton M, Pinto-Patarroyo GP, et al. Medical and environmental risk factors associated with frontotemporal dementia: a case-control study in a veteran population. Alzheimer’s & dementia: the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association. 2012;8(3):204–10.CrossRef

57.

Mortimer JA, van Duijn CM, Chandra V, Fratiglioni L, Graves AB, Heyman A, et al. Head trauma as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: a collaborative re-analysis of case-control studies. EURODEM Risk Factors Research Group. Int J Epidemiol. 1991;20:S28–35.CrossRefPubMed

58.

Rosso SM, Landweer EJ, Houterman M, Donker Kaat L, van Duijn CM, van Swieten JC. Medical and environmental risk factors for sporadic frontotemporal dementia: a retrospective case-control study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74(11):1574–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

59.

Barnfield TV, Leathem JM. Neuropsychological outcomes of traumatic brain injury and substance abuse in a New Zealand prison population. Brain Inj. 1998;12:951–62.CrossRefPubMed

60.

Belanger HG, Kretzmer T, Yoash-Gantz R, Pickett T, Tupler LA. Cognitive sequelae of blast-related versus other mechanisms of brain trauma. JINS. 2009;15:1–8.PubMed

61.

Brenner LA, Ivins BJ, Schwab K, Warden D, Nelson LA, Jaffee M, et al. Traumatic brain injury, posttraumatic stress disorder, and postconcussive symptom reporting among troops returning from Iraq. JHTR. 2010;25(5):307–12.PubMed

62.

Millis SR, Rosenthal M, Novack TA, Sherer M, Nick TG, Kreutzer JS, et al. Long-term neuropsychological outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2001;16:343–55.CrossRefPubMed

63.

Belanger HG, Curtiss G, Demery JA, Lebowitz BK, Vanderploeg RD. Factors moderating neuropsychological outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis. JINS. 2005;11:215–27.PubMed

64.

Schretlen DJ, Shapiro AM. A quantitative review of the effects of traumatic brain injury on cognitive functioning. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2003;15:341–9.CrossRefPubMed

65.

Vanderploeg RD, Curtiss G, Belanger HG. Long-term neuropsychological outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005;11:228–36.CrossRefPubMed

66.

Zakzanis, KK, et al. (1999). Mild traumatic brain injury. In Neuropsychological differential diagnosis (pp. 163–171). Exton, Pennsylvania: Swets & Zeitlinger.

67.

Baltes PB, Lindenberger U. Emergence of a powerful connection between sensory and cognitive functions across the adult life span: a new window to the study of cognitive aging? Psych & Ag. 1997;12:12–21.CrossRef

68.

Lin FR, Ferrucci L, Metter EJ, An Y, Zonderman AB, Resnick SM. Hearing loss and cognition in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Neuropsych. 2011;25:763–70. https://doi.org/10.1037//a0024238.CrossRef

69.

Jelinkova Z, Picek M, Hyncica V. Psychophysiological aspects of noise influence. Int J Psychophysiol. 1989;7:249–50.CrossRef

70.

Reuben DB, Mui S, Damesyn M, Moore AA, Greendale GA. The prognostic value of sensory impairment in older persons. J Am Ger Soc. 1999;47:930–5.CrossRef

71.

Pinto PC, Marcelos CM, Mezzasalma MA, Osterne FJ, de Melo Tavares de Lima MA, Nardi AE. Tinnitus and its association with psychiatric disorders: systematic review. J Laryngol Otol. 2014;128(8):660–4.CrossRefPubMed

72.

Stansfeld, SA, Clark, CR, Jenkins, LM, & Tarnopolsky (1985). Sensitivity to noise in a community sample: I. Measurement of psychiatric disorder and personality. Psych Med, 15(2), 243–254. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700023527.

73.

Stansfeld SA, Shipley M. Noise sensitivity and future risk of illness and mortality. Sci Total Enviro. 2015;520:114–9.CrossRef

74.

Ohrström E, Bjorkman M, Rylander R. Noise annoyance with regard to neurophysiological sensitivity, subjective noise sensitivity and personality variables. Psych Med. 1988;18(3):605–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329170000828x.CrossRef

75.

Hallberg LRM, Hallberg U, Johansson M, Jansson G, Wilberg A. Daily living with hyperacusis due to head injury 1 year after a treatment programme at the hearing clinic. Scand J Caring Sci. 2005;19:410–8.CrossRefPubMed

76.

Martenson, M, Halawa, Ol, Tonsfeldt, KJ, Maxwell, CA, Hammack, N, Mist, SD, Pennesi, ME, et al. (2016). A possible neural mechanism for photosensitivity in chronic pain. Pain, 157, 868–878. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000450.

77.

• Callahan ML, Storzbach D. Sensory sensitivity and posttraumatic stress disorder in blast exposed veterans with mild traumatic brain injury. App Neuro. 2018; https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2018.1433179. This study analyses the role PTSD symptoms play in maintaining sensory sensitivity. It is critically important for polytrauma rehabilitation.

78.

Hoge CW, McGurk D, Thomas JL, Cox AL, Engel CC, Castro CA. Mild traumatic brain injury in US soldiers returning from Iraq. NEJM. 2008;358:453–63.CrossRefPubMed

79.

Goodrich GL, Martinsen GL, Flyg HM, Kirby J, Garvert DW, Tyler CW. Visual function, traumatic brain injury, and posttraumatic stress disorder. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(4):547–58.CrossRefPubMed

80.

Al-Ozairi A, McCullagh S, Feinstein A. Predicting posttraumatic stress symptoms following mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury: the role of posttraumatic amnesia. JHTR. 2015;30:283–90.PubMed

81.

Warren L, Wrigley JM, Yoels WC, Fine PR. Factors associated with life satisfaction among a sample of persons with neurotrauma. JRRD. 1996;33:404–8.

82.

Corrigan JD, Bogner JA, Mysiw WJ, Clinchot D, Fugate L. Life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury. JHTR. 2001;16:543–55.PubMed

83.

Pierce CA, Hanks RA. Life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury and the World Health Organization model of disability. Am J Phys Med Rehab. 2006;85:889–98. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.phm.0000242615.43129.ae.CrossRef

84.

Wahl HW, Schilling O, Oswald F, Heyl V. Psychosocial consequences of age-related visual impairment: comparison with mobility-impaired older adults and long-term outcome. J Ger: Psych Sci. 1999;54B:P304–16.

85.

Branch LG, Horowitz A, Carr C. The implications for everyday life of incident self-reported visual decline among people over age 65 living in the community. Gerontologist. 1989;29:359–65.CrossRefPubMed

86.

Rudberg MA, Furner SE, Dunn JE, Cassel CK. The relationship of visual and hearing impairments to disability: an analysis using the longitudinal study on aging. J Gerontol. 1993;48:M261–5.CrossRefPubMed

87.

Dischinger PC, Ryb GE, Kufera JA, Auman KM. Early predictors of postconcussive syndrome in a population of trauma patients with mild traumatic brain injury. J Trauma Injury Infection Crit Care. 2009;66(2):289–97.CrossRef

88.

Marks A, Griefahn B. Associations between noise sensitivity and sleep, subjectively evaluated sleep quality, annoyance, and performance after exposure to nocturnal traffic noise. Noise Health. 2007;9:1–7.CrossRefPubMed

89.

Smith A, Nutt D, Wilson S, Rich N, Hayward S, & Heatherley S. Noise and insomnia: a study of community noise exposure, sleep disturbance, noise sensitivity, and subjective reports of health. Report to the UK Department of Health and Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions. 2002

90.

Park J, Chung S, Lee J, Sung JH, Cho SW, Sim CS. Noise sensitivity, rather than noise level, predicts the non-auditory effects of noise in community samples: a population-based survey. BMC Public Health. 2017;17:315. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4244-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

91.

Waye KP, Bengtsson J, Rylander R, Hucklebridge F, Evans P, Clow A. Low frequency noise enhances cortisol among noise sensitive subjects during work performance. Life Sci. 2002;70:745–58.CrossRefPubMed

92.

Valente M, Goebel J, Duddy D, Sinks B, Peterein J. Evaluation and treatment of severe hyperacusis. J Am Acad Audiol. 2000;11:295–9.PubMed

93.

Gallin PF, Terman M, Reme CE, Rafferty B, Terman JS, Burde RM. Ophthalmologic examination of patients with seasonal affective disorder, before and after bright light therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;119:202–10.CrossRef

94.

Truong JQ, Ciuffreda KJ, Han MHE, Suchoff IB. Photosensitivity in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): a retrospective analysis. Brain Inj. 2014;28:1283–7. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2014.915989.CrossRefPubMed

95.

Bengtzen R, Woodward M, Lynn MJ, Newman NJ, Biousse V. The “sunglasses sign” predicts nonorganic visual loss in neuro-ophthalmologic practice. Neurology. 2008;70(3):218–21.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Sensory Sensitivity in TBI: Implications for Chronic Disability
verfasst von: Megan L. Callahan
Miranda M. Lim
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2018
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Ausgabe 9/2018
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-018-0867-x

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

25.04.2024 | Hypotonie | Nachrichten

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Sensory Sensitivity in TBI: Implications for Chronic Disability

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Parkinson-Therapie im Wandel – aktuelle Leitlinie im Fokus

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

Update Neurologie

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2018

Regulation of Ion Channels by MicroRNAs and the Implication for Epilepsy

Secondary Headaches in Children and Adolescents: What Not to Miss

Photophobia: When Light Hurts, a Review

Viral Hypothesis and Antiviral Treatment in Alzheimer’s Disease

Cerebral Metabolic Changes During Sleep

Neuroimaging in the Kleine-Levin Syndrome

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Parkinson-Therapie im Wandel – aktuelle Leitlinie im Fokus

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

Update Neurologie