Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Oncology Reports 2/2015

01.02.2015 | Breast Cancer (B Overmoyer, Section Editor)

Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Breast Cancer

verfasst von: Brenda Ernst, Karen S. Anderson

Erschienen in: Current Oncology Reports | Ausgabe 2/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Decades of research are now leading to therapeutics that target the molecular mechanisms of the cancer-specific immune response. These therapeutics include tumor antigen vaccines, dendritic cell activators, adjuvants that activate innate immunity, adoptive cellular therapy, and checkpoint blockade. The advances in targeted immunotherapy have led to clinical advances in the treatment of solid tumors such as melanoma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, and hematologic malignancies. Preclinical and translational studies suggest that patients with breast cancer may also benefit from augmenting effective immune responses. These results have led to early-phase clinical trials of tumor antigen vaccines, adjuvants, and combinations of checkpoint inhibitor blockade to boost breast cancer-specific immunity in patients. This review focuses on the current and emerging development of cancer immunotherapy for breast cancer.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat American Cancer Society. Cancer facts and figures. In: American Cancer Society, editor. Atlanta 2014. American Cancer Society. Cancer facts and figures. In: American Cancer Society, editor. Atlanta 2014.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Pockaj BA, Basu GD, Pathangey LB, Gray RJ, Hernandez JL, Gendler SJ, et al. Reduced T-cell and dendritic cell function is related to cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression and prostaglandin E2 secretion in patients with breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11(3):328–39.CrossRefPubMed Pockaj BA, Basu GD, Pathangey LB, Gray RJ, Hernandez JL, Gendler SJ, et al. Reduced T-cell and dendritic cell function is related to cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression and prostaglandin E2 secretion in patients with breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11(3):328–39.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Muller AJ, DuHadaway JB, Donover PS, Sutanto-Ward E, Prendergast GC. Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, an immunoregulatory target of the cancer suppression gene Bin1, potentiates cancer chemotherapy. Nat Med. 2005;11(3):312–9. doi:10.1038/nm1196.CrossRefPubMed Muller AJ, DuHadaway JB, Donover PS, Sutanto-Ward E, Prendergast GC. Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, an immunoregulatory target of the cancer suppression gene Bin1, potentiates cancer chemotherapy. Nat Med. 2005;11(3):312–9. doi:10.​1038/​nm1196.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Carpi A, Nicolini A, Antonelli A, Ferrari P, Rossi G. Cytokines in the management of high risk or advanced breast cancer: an update and expectation. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2009;9(8):888–903.CrossRefPubMed Carpi A, Nicolini A, Antonelli A, Ferrari P, Rossi G. Cytokines in the management of high risk or advanced breast cancer: an update and expectation. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2009;9(8):888–903.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Iclozan C, Antonia S, Chiappori A, Chen DT, Gabrilovich D. Therapeutic regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and immune response to cancer vaccine in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2013;62(5):909–18. doi:10.1007/s00262-013-1396-8.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Iclozan C, Antonia S, Chiappori A, Chen DT, Gabrilovich D. Therapeutic regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and immune response to cancer vaccine in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2013;62(5):909–18. doi:10.​1007/​s00262-013-1396-8.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
13.••
Zurück zum Zitat Melero I, Gaudernack G, Gerritsen W, Huber C, Parmiani G, Scholl S, et al. Therapeutic vaccines for cancer: an overview of clinical trials. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2014. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.111. This review paper describes the current application of vaccines in clinical trials including breast cancer. PubMed Melero I, Gaudernack G, Gerritsen W, Huber C, Parmiani G, Scholl S, et al. Therapeutic vaccines for cancer: an overview of clinical trials. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2014. doi:10.​1038/​nrclinonc.​2014.​111. This review paper describes the current application of vaccines in clinical trials including breast cancer. PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Vinayak S, Carlson RW. mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2013;27(1):38–44. 6, 8 passim. Vinayak S, Carlson RW. mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2013;27(1):38–44. 6, 8 passim.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Baselga J, Campone M, Piccart M, Burris 3rd HA, Rugo HS, Sahmoud T, et al. Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(6):520–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1109653.CrossRefPubMed Baselga J, Campone M, Piccart M, Burris 3rd HA, Rugo HS, Sahmoud T, et al. Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(6):520–9. doi:10.​1056/​NEJMoa1109653.CrossRefPubMed
21.••
Zurück zum Zitat Stagg J, Allard B. Immunotherapeutic approaches in triple-negative breast cancer: latest research and clinical prospects. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2013;5(3):169–81. doi:10.1177/1758834012475152. This review paper focuses on current use of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Stagg J, Allard B. Immunotherapeutic approaches in triple-negative breast cancer: latest research and clinical prospects. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2013;5(3):169–81. doi:10.​1177/​1758834012475152​. This review paper focuses on current use of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Alexe G, Dalgin GS, Scanfeld D, Tamayo P, Mesirov JP, DeLisi C, et al. High expression of lymphocyte-associated genes in node-negative HER2+ breast cancers correlates with lower recurrence rates. Cancer Res. 2007;67(22):10669–76. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0539.CrossRefPubMed Alexe G, Dalgin GS, Scanfeld D, Tamayo P, Mesirov JP, DeLisi C, et al. High expression of lymphocyte-associated genes in node-negative HER2+ breast cancers correlates with lower recurrence rates. Cancer Res. 2007;67(22):10669–76. doi:10.​1158/​0008-5472.​can-07-0539.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Denkert C, Loibl S, Noske A, Roller M, Muller BM, Komor M, et al. Tumor-associated lymphocytes as an independent predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(1):105–13. doi:10.1200/jco.2009.23.7370.CrossRefPubMed Denkert C, Loibl S, Noske A, Roller M, Muller BM, Komor M, et al. Tumor-associated lymphocytes as an independent predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(1):105–13. doi:10.​1200/​jco.​2009.​23.​7370.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Soliman H. Immunotherapy strategies in the treatment of breast cancer. Cancer Control. 2013;20(1):17–21.PubMed Soliman H. Immunotherapy strategies in the treatment of breast cancer. Cancer Control. 2013;20(1):17–21.PubMed
27.••
Zurück zum Zitat Clive KS, Tyler JA, Clifton GT, Holmes JP, Ponniah S, Peoples GE, et al. The GP2 peptide: a HER2/neu-based breast cancer vaccine. J Surg Oncol. 2012;105(5):452–8. doi:10.1002/jso.21723. Key paper summarizing GP2 characterization studies, clinical trials and GP2 in combination with other vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. CrossRefPubMed Clive KS, Tyler JA, Clifton GT, Holmes JP, Ponniah S, Peoples GE, et al. The GP2 peptide: a HER2/neu-based breast cancer vaccine. J Surg Oncol. 2012;105(5):452–8. doi:10.​1002/​jso.​21723. Key paper summarizing GP2 characterization studies, clinical trials and GP2 in combination with other vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Sinn BV, von Minckwitz G, Denkert C, Eidtmann H, Darb-Esfahani S, Tesch H, et al. Evaluation of Mucin-1 protein and mRNA expression as prognostic and predictive markers after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(9):2316–24. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt162.CrossRefPubMed Sinn BV, von Minckwitz G, Denkert C, Eidtmann H, Darb-Esfahani S, Tesch H, et al. Evaluation of Mucin-1 protein and mRNA expression as prognostic and predictive markers after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(9):2316–24. doi:10.​1093/​annonc/​mdt162.CrossRefPubMed
29.••
Zurück zum Zitat Mittendorf EA, Clifton GT, Holmes JP, Schneble E, van Echo D, Ponniah S, et al. Final report of the phase I/II clinical trial of the E75 (nelipepimut-S) vaccine with booster inoculations to prevent disease recurrence in high-risk breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2014. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdu211. Key paper summarizing phase I/II results of the E75 HER-2 peptide vaccine. Mittendorf EA, Clifton GT, Holmes JP, Schneble E, van Echo D, Ponniah S, et al. Final report of the phase I/II clinical trial of the E75 (nelipepimut-S) vaccine with booster inoculations to prevent disease recurrence in high-risk breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2014. doi:10.​1093/​annonc/​mdu211. Key paper summarizing phase I/II results of the E75 HER-2 peptide vaccine.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Holmes JP, Gates JD, Benavides LC, Hueman MT, Carmichael MG, Patil R, et al. Optimal dose and schedule of an HER-2/neu (E75) peptide vaccine to prevent breast cancer recurrence: from US Military Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Group Study I-01 and I-02. Cancer. 2008;113(7):1666–75. doi:10.1002/cncr.23772.CrossRefPubMed Holmes JP, Gates JD, Benavides LC, Hueman MT, Carmichael MG, Patil R, et al. Optimal dose and schedule of an HER-2/neu (E75) peptide vaccine to prevent breast cancer recurrence: from US Military Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Group Study I-01 and I-02. Cancer. 2008;113(7):1666–75. doi:10.​1002/​cncr.​23772.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Blixt O, Bueti D, Burford B, Allen D, Julien S, Hollingsworth M, et al. Autoantibodies to aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 in early stage breast cancer are associated with a better prognosis. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13(2):R25. doi:10.1186/bcr2841.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Blixt O, Bueti D, Burford B, Allen D, Julien S, Hollingsworth M, et al. Autoantibodies to aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 in early stage breast cancer are associated with a better prognosis. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13(2):R25. doi:10.​1186/​bcr2841.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat MacLean GD, Reddish M, Koganty RR, Wong T, Gandhi S, Smolenski M, et al. Immunization of breast cancer patients using a synthetic sialyl-Tn glycoconjugate plus Detox adjuvant. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1993;36(4):215–22.CrossRefPubMed MacLean GD, Reddish M, Koganty RR, Wong T, Gandhi S, Smolenski M, et al. Immunization of breast cancer patients using a synthetic sialyl-Tn glycoconjugate plus Detox adjuvant. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1993;36(4):215–22.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Miles DW, Towlson KE, Graham R, Reddish M, Longenecker BM, Taylor-Papadimitriou J, et al. A randomised phase II study of sialyl-Tn and DETOX-B adjuvant with or without cyclophosphamide pretreatment for the active specific immunotherapy of breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1996;74(8):1292–6.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Miles DW, Towlson KE, Graham R, Reddish M, Longenecker BM, Taylor-Papadimitriou J, et al. A randomised phase II study of sialyl-Tn and DETOX-B adjuvant with or without cyclophosphamide pretreatment for the active specific immunotherapy of breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1996;74(8):1292–6.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
37.••
Zurück zum Zitat Ibrahim NK, Murray JL, Zhou D, Mittendorf EA, Sample D, Tautchin M, et al. Survival Advantage in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Endocrine Therapy plus Sialyl Tn-KLH Vaccine: Post Hoc Analysis of a Large Randomized Trial. J Cancer. 2013;4(7):577–84. doi:10.7150/jca.7028. Trial showing the benefit in combination with endocrine therapy for ER-positive subset. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Ibrahim NK, Murray JL, Zhou D, Mittendorf EA, Sample D, Tautchin M, et al. Survival Advantage in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Endocrine Therapy plus Sialyl Tn-KLH Vaccine: Post Hoc Analysis of a Large Randomized Trial. J Cancer. 2013;4(7):577–84. doi:10.​7150/​jca.​7028. Trial showing the benefit in combination with endocrine therapy for ER-positive subset. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Davis ID, Chen W, Jackson H, Parente P, Shackleton M, Hopkins W, et al. Recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant induces broad integrated antibody and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(29):10697–702. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403572101.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Davis ID, Chen W, Jackson H, Parente P, Shackleton M, Hopkins W, et al. Recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant induces broad integrated antibody and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(29):10697–702. doi:10.​1073/​pnas.​0403572101.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitano S, Tsuji T, Liu C, Hirschhorn-Cymerman D, Kyi C, Mu Z, et al. Enhancement of tumor-reactive cytotoxic CD4+ T cell responses after ipilimumab treatment in four advanced melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Res. 2013;1(4):235–44. doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0068.CrossRefPubMed Kitano S, Tsuji T, Liu C, Hirschhorn-Cymerman D, Kyi C, Mu Z, et al. Enhancement of tumor-reactive cytotoxic CD4+ T cell responses after ipilimumab treatment in four advanced melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Res. 2013;1(4):235–44. doi:10.​1158/​2326-6066.​cir-13-0068.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan J, Adamow M, Ginsberg BA, Rasalan TS, Ritter E, Gallardo HF, et al. Integrated NY-ESO-1 antibody and CD8+ T-cell responses correlate with clinical benefit in advanced melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(40):16723–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110814108.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Yuan J, Adamow M, Ginsberg BA, Rasalan TS, Ritter E, Gallardo HF, et al. Integrated NY-ESO-1 antibody and CD8+ T-cell responses correlate with clinical benefit in advanced melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(40):16723–8. doi:10.​1073/​pnas.​1110814108.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
42.••
Zurück zum Zitat Page DB, Naidoo J, McArthur HL. Emerging immunotherapy strategies in breast cancer. Immunotherapy. 2014;6(2):195–209. doi:10.2217/imt.13.166. This review paper discusses recent updates in breast cancer immunotherapy research. CrossRefPubMed Page DB, Naidoo J, McArthur HL. Emerging immunotherapy strategies in breast cancer. Immunotherapy. 2014;6(2):195–209. doi:10.​2217/​imt.​13.​166. This review paper discusses recent updates in breast cancer immunotherapy research. CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Theurillat JP, Ingold F, Frei C, Zippelius A, Varga Z, Seifert B, et al. NY-ESO-1 protein expression in primary breast carcinoma and metastases: correlation with CD8+ T-cell and CD79a + plasmacytic/B-cell infiltration. Int J Cancer. 2007;120(11):2411–7. doi:10.1002/ijc.22376.CrossRefPubMed Theurillat JP, Ingold F, Frei C, Zippelius A, Varga Z, Seifert B, et al. NY-ESO-1 protein expression in primary breast carcinoma and metastases: correlation with CD8+ T-cell and CD79a + plasmacytic/B-cell infiltration. Int J Cancer. 2007;120(11):2411–7. doi:10.​1002/​ijc.​22376.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson JA, Grunert F, Zimmermann W. Carcinoembryonic antigen gene family: molecular biology and clinical perspectives. J Clin Lab Anal. 1991;5(5):344–66.CrossRefPubMed Thompson JA, Grunert F, Zimmermann W. Carcinoembryonic antigen gene family: molecular biology and clinical perspectives. J Clin Lab Anal. 1991;5(5):344–66.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Turriziani M, Fantini M, Benvenuto M, Izzi V, Masuelli L, Sacchetti P, et al. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-based cancer vaccines: recent patents and antitumor effects from experimental models to clinical trials. Recent Patents Anticancer Drug Discov. 2012;7(3):265–96.CrossRef Turriziani M, Fantini M, Benvenuto M, Izzi V, Masuelli L, Sacchetti P, et al. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-based cancer vaccines: recent patents and antitumor effects from experimental models to clinical trials. Recent Patents Anticancer Drug Discov. 2012;7(3):265–96.CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Vonderheide RH. Universal tumor antigens for cancer vaccination: targeting telomerase for immunoprevention. Discov Med. 2007;7(39):103–8.PubMed Vonderheide RH. Universal tumor antigens for cancer vaccination: targeting telomerase for immunoprevention. Discov Med. 2007;7(39):103–8.PubMed
47.
49.••
Zurück zum Zitat Cheever MA, Allison JP, Ferris AS, Finn OJ, Hastings BM, Hecht TT, et al. The prioritization of cancer antigens: a national cancer institute pilot project for the acceleration of translational research. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15(17):5323–37. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0737. Provides a ranked list of the key antigens in cancer likely to show clinical efficacy. CrossRefPubMed Cheever MA, Allison JP, Ferris AS, Finn OJ, Hastings BM, Hecht TT, et al. The prioritization of cancer antigens: a national cancer institute pilot project for the acceleration of translational research. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15(17):5323–37. doi:10.​1158/​1078-0432.​ccr-09-0737. Provides a ranked list of the key antigens in cancer likely to show clinical efficacy. CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Morita S, Oka Y, Tsuboi A, Kawakami M, Maruno M, Izumoto S, et al. A phase I/II trial of a WT1 (Wilms’ tumor gene) peptide vaccine in patients with solid malignancy: safety assessment based on the phase I data. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2006;36(4):231–6. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyl005.CrossRefPubMed Morita S, Oka Y, Tsuboi A, Kawakami M, Maruno M, Izumoto S, et al. A phase I/II trial of a WT1 (Wilms’ tumor gene) peptide vaccine in patients with solid malignancy: safety assessment based on the phase I data. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2006;36(4):231–6. doi:10.​1093/​jjco/​hyl005.CrossRefPubMed
52.••
Zurück zum Zitat Tiriveedhi V, Fleming TP, Goedegebuure PS, Naughton M, Ma C, Lockhart C, et al. Mammaglobin-A cDNA vaccination of breast cancer patients induces antigen-specific cytotoxic CD4 + ICOShi T cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;138(1):109–18. doi:10.1007/s10549-012-2110-9. Safety study demonstrating clinical benefit of mammaglobin-A cDNA vaccine. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Tiriveedhi V, Fleming TP, Goedegebuure PS, Naughton M, Ma C, Lockhart C, et al. Mammaglobin-A cDNA vaccination of breast cancer patients induces antigen-specific cytotoxic CD4 + ICOShi T cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;138(1):109–18. doi:10.​1007/​s10549-012-2110-9. Safety study demonstrating clinical benefit of mammaglobin-A cDNA vaccine. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Kantoff PW, Schuetz TJ, Blumenstein BA, Glode LM, Bilhartz DL, Wyand M, et al. Overall survival analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial of a Poxviral-based PSA-targeted immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(7):1099–105. doi:10.1200/jco.2009.25.0597.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Kantoff PW, Schuetz TJ, Blumenstein BA, Glode LM, Bilhartz DL, Wyand M, et al. Overall survival analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial of a Poxviral-based PSA-targeted immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(7):1099–105. doi:10.​1200/​jco.​2009.​25.​0597.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
55.
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramos RN, Chin LS, Dos Santos AP, Bergami-Santos PC, Laginha F, Barbuto JA. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from breast cancer patients are biased to induce CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2012;92(3):673–82. doi:10.1189/jlb.0112048.CrossRefPubMed Ramos RN, Chin LS, Dos Santos AP, Bergami-Santos PC, Laginha F, Barbuto JA. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from breast cancer patients are biased to induce CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2012;92(3):673–82. doi:10.​1189/​jlb.​0112048.CrossRefPubMed
58.
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Fracol M, Xu S, Mick R, Fitzpatrick E, Nisenbaum H, Roses R, et al. Response to HER-2 pulsed DC1 vaccines is predicted by both HER-2 and estrogen receptor expression in DCIS. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20(10):3233–9. doi:10.1245/s10434-013-3119-y.CrossRefPubMed Fracol M, Xu S, Mick R, Fitzpatrick E, Nisenbaum H, Roses R, et al. Response to HER-2 pulsed DC1 vaccines is predicted by both HER-2 and estrogen receptor expression in DCIS. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20(10):3233–9. doi:10.​1245/​s10434-013-3119-y.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Creelan BC, Antonia S, Bepler G, Garrett TJ, Simon GR, Soliman HH. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and clinical outcome following induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiation in stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2013;2(3):e23428. doi:10.4161/onci.23428.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Creelan BC, Antonia S, Bepler G, Garrett TJ, Simon GR, Soliman HH. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and clinical outcome following induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiation in stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2013;2(3):e23428. doi:10.​4161/​onci.​23428.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Brignone C, Gutierrez M, Mefti F, Brain E, Jarcau R, Cvitkovic F, et al. First-line chemoimmunotherapy in metastatic breast carcinoma: combination of paclitaxel and IMP321 (LAG-3Ig) enhances immune responses and antitumor activity. J Transl Med. 2010;8:71. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-8-71.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Brignone C, Gutierrez M, Mefti F, Brain E, Jarcau R, Cvitkovic F, et al. First-line chemoimmunotherapy in metastatic breast carcinoma: combination of paclitaxel and IMP321 (LAG-3Ig) enhances immune responses and antitumor activity. J Transl Med. 2010;8:71. doi:10.​1186/​1479-5876-8-71.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenberg SA, Packard BS, Aebersold PM, Solomon D, Topalian SL, Toy ST, et al. Use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2 in the immunotherapy of patients with metastatic melanoma. A preliminary report. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(25):1676–80. doi:10.1056/nejm198812223192527.CrossRefPubMed Rosenberg SA, Packard BS, Aebersold PM, Solomon D, Topalian SL, Toy ST, et al. Use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2 in the immunotherapy of patients with metastatic melanoma. A preliminary report. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(25):1676–80. doi:10.​1056/​nejm198812223192​527.CrossRefPubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Hu X, Chakraborty NG, Sporn JR, Kurtzman SH, Ergin MT, Mukherji B. Enhancement of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor frequency in melanoma patients following immunization with the MAGE-1 peptide loaded antigen presenting cell-based vaccine. Cancer Res. 1996;56(11):2479–83.PubMed Hu X, Chakraborty NG, Sporn JR, Kurtzman SH, Ergin MT, Mukherji B. Enhancement of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor frequency in melanoma patients following immunization with the MAGE-1 peptide loaded antigen presenting cell-based vaccine. Cancer Res. 1996;56(11):2479–83.PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Vonderheide RH, LoRusso PM, Khalil M, Gartner EM, Khaira D, Soulieres D, et al. Tremelimumab in combination with exemestane in patients with advanced breast cancer and treatment-associated modulation of inducible costimulator expression on patient T cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16(13):3485–94. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0505.CrossRefPubMed Vonderheide RH, LoRusso PM, Khalil M, Gartner EM, Khaira D, Soulieres D, et al. Tremelimumab in combination with exemestane in patients with advanced breast cancer and treatment-associated modulation of inducible costimulator expression on patient T cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16(13):3485–94. doi:10.​1158/​1078-0432.​ccr-10-0505.CrossRefPubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Topalian SL, Sznol M, McDermott DF, Kluger HM, Carvajal RD, Sharfman WH, et al. Survival, durable tumor remission, and long-term safety in patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(10):1020–30. doi:10.1200/jco.2013.53.0105.CrossRefPubMed Topalian SL, Sznol M, McDermott DF, Kluger HM, Carvajal RD, Sharfman WH, et al. Survival, durable tumor remission, and long-term safety in patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(10):1020–30. doi:10.​1200/​jco.​2013.​53.​0105.CrossRefPubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Xie F, Wang Q, Chen Y, Gu Y, Mao H, Zeng W, et al. Costimulatory molecule OX40/OX40L expression in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma of breast: an immunohistochemistry-based pilot study. Pathol Res Pract. 2010;206(11):735–9. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2010.05.016.CrossRefPubMed Xie F, Wang Q, Chen Y, Gu Y, Mao H, Zeng W, et al. Costimulatory molecule OX40/OX40L expression in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma of breast: an immunohistochemistry-based pilot study. Pathol Res Pract. 2010;206(11):735–9. doi:10.​1016/​j.​prp.​2010.​05.​016.CrossRefPubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Emens LA, Asquith JM, Leatherman JM, Kobrin BJ, Petrik S, Laiko M, et al. Timed sequential treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and an allogeneic granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting breast tumor vaccine: a chemotherapy dose-ranging factorial study of safety and immune activation. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(35):5911–8. doi:10.1200/jco.2009.23.3494.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Emens LA, Asquith JM, Leatherman JM, Kobrin BJ, Petrik S, Laiko M, et al. Timed sequential treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and an allogeneic granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting breast tumor vaccine: a chemotherapy dose-ranging factorial study of safety and immune activation. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(35):5911–8. doi:10.​1200/​jco.​2009.​23.​3494.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Demaria S, Volm MD, Shapiro RL, Yee HT, Oratz R, Formenti SC, et al. Development of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer after neoadjuvant paclitaxel chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7(10):3025–30.PubMed Demaria S, Volm MD, Shapiro RL, Yee HT, Oratz R, Formenti SC, et al. Development of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer after neoadjuvant paclitaxel chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7(10):3025–30.PubMed
77.••
Zurück zum Zitat Chen G, Gupta R, Petrik S, Laiko M, Leatherman JM, Asquith JM, et al. A Feasibility Study of Cyclophosphamide, Trastuzumab, and an Allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting Breast Tumor Vaccine for HER-2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res. 2014. doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0058. Study combining low-dose chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody, and allogeneic cellular vaccine. PubMedCentral Chen G, Gupta R, Petrik S, Laiko M, Leatherman JM, Asquith JM, et al. A Feasibility Study of Cyclophosphamide, Trastuzumab, and an Allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting Breast Tumor Vaccine for HER-2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res. 2014. doi:10.​1158/​2326-6066.​cir-14-0058. Study combining low-dose chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody, and allogeneic cellular vaccine. PubMedCentral
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Rech AJ, Mick R, Martin S, Recio A, Aqui NA, Powell Jr DJ, et al. CD25 blockade depletes and selectively reprograms regulatory T cells in concert with immunotherapy in cancer patients. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(134):134ra62. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003330.CrossRefPubMed Rech AJ, Mick R, Martin S, Recio A, Aqui NA, Powell Jr DJ, et al. CD25 blockade depletes and selectively reprograms regulatory T cells in concert with immunotherapy in cancer patients. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(134):134ra62. doi:10.​1126/​scitranslmed.​3003330.CrossRefPubMed
80.
Metadaten
Titel
Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
verfasst von
Brenda Ernst
Karen S. Anderson
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Oncology Reports / Ausgabe 2/2015
Print ISSN: 1523-3790
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6269
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-014-0426-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2015

Current Oncology Reports 2/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Breast Cancer (B Overmoyer, Section Editor)

Unique Aspects of Caring for Young Breast Cancer Patients

Breast Cancer (B Overmoyer, Section Editor)

Targeting the Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.