Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Oncology Reports 2/2016

01.02.2016 | Breast Cancer (B Overmoyer, Section Editor)

Clinically Relevant Physical Benefits of Exercise Interventions in Breast Cancer Survivors

verfasst von: Amy A. Kirkham, Kelcey A. Bland, Sarah Sayyari, Kristin L. Campbell, Margot K. Davis

Erschienen in: Current Oncology Reports | Ausgabe 2/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Evidence is currently limited for the effect of exercise on breast cancer clinical outcomes. However, several of the reported physical benefits of exercise, including peak oxygen consumption, functional capacity, muscle strength and lean mass, cardiovascular risk factors, and bone health, have established associations with disability, cardiovascular disease risk, morbidity, and mortality. This review will summarize the clinically relevant physical benefits of exercise interventions in breast cancer survivors and discuss recommendations for achieving these benefits. It will also describe potential differences in intervention delivery that may impact outcomes and, lastly, describe current physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors.
Literatur
1.••
Zurück zum Zitat Schmitz KH, Courneya K, Matthews C, Demark-Wahnefried W, Galvão DA, Pinto BM, et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable on exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:1409–26. This is a consensus document published by experts in the field on the established benefits of exercise in cancer survivors. CrossRefPubMed Schmitz KH, Courneya K, Matthews C, Demark-Wahnefried W, Galvão DA, Pinto BM, et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable on exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:1409–26. This is a consensus document published by experts in the field on the established benefits of exercise in cancer survivors. CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Fong DYT, Ho JWC, Hui BPH, Lee AM, Macfarlane DJ, Leung SSK, et al. Physical activity for cancer survivors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2012;344:e70.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Fong DYT, Ho JWC, Hui BPH, Lee AM, Macfarlane DJ, Leung SSK, et al. Physical activity for cancer survivors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2012;344:e70.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat McNeely ML, Campbell KL, Rowe BH, Klassen TP, Mackey JR, Courneya KS. Effects of exercise on breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2006;175:34–41.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed McNeely ML, Campbell KL, Rowe BH, Klassen TP, Mackey JR, Courneya KS. Effects of exercise on breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2006;175:34–41.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee J, Dodd MJ, Dibble SL, Abrams DI. Nausea at the end of adjuvant cancer treatment in relation to exercise during treatment in patients with breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2008;35:830–5.CrossRefPubMed Lee J, Dodd MJ, Dibble SL, Abrams DI. Nausea at the end of adjuvant cancer treatment in relation to exercise during treatment in patients with breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2008;35:830–5.CrossRefPubMed
5.•
Zurück zum Zitat van Waart H, Stuiver MM, van Harten WH, Geleijn E, Kieffer JM, Buffart LM, et al. Effect of low-intensity physical activity and moderate- to high-intensity physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy on physical fitness, fatigue, and chemotherapy completion rates: results of the PACES randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:1918–27. This is the only randomized control trial to compare supervised exercise to home-based exercise with a usual care control group. This study demonstrated several important benefits for both exercise groups. CrossRefPubMed van Waart H, Stuiver MM, van Harten WH, Geleijn E, Kieffer JM, Buffart LM, et al. Effect of low-intensity physical activity and moderate- to high-intensity physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy on physical fitness, fatigue, and chemotherapy completion rates: results of the PACES randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:1918–27. This is the only randomized control trial to compare supervised exercise to home-based exercise with a usual care control group. This study demonstrated several important benefits for both exercise groups. CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Mishra SI, Scherer RW, Geigle PM, Berlanstein DR, Topaloglu O, Gotay CC, et al. Exercise interventions on health-related quality of life for cancer survivors (review). Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2012;8. Mishra SI, Scherer RW, Geigle PM, Berlanstein DR, Topaloglu O, Gotay CC, et al. Exercise interventions on health-related quality of life for cancer survivors (review). Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2012;8.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Courneya KS, Segal RJ, Mackey JR, Gelmon K, Reid RD, Friedenreich CM, et al. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:4396–404.CrossRefPubMed Courneya KS, Segal RJ, Mackey JR, Gelmon K, Reid RD, Friedenreich CM, et al. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:4396–404.CrossRefPubMed
8.•
Zurück zum Zitat Courneya KS, Segal RJ, McKenzie DC, Dong H, Gelmon K, Friedenreich CM, et al. Effects of exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy on breast cancer outcomes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46:1744–51. This is the single study to report on the effect of a supervised exercise intervention on breast cancer outcomes. CrossRefPubMed Courneya KS, Segal RJ, McKenzie DC, Dong H, Gelmon K, Friedenreich CM, et al. Effects of exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy on breast cancer outcomes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46:1744–51. This is the single study to report on the effect of a supervised exercise intervention on breast cancer outcomes. CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones LW, Eves ND, Haykowsky M, Freedland SJ, Mackey JR. Exercise intolerance in cancer and the role of exercise therapy to reverse dysfunction. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:598–605.CrossRefPubMed Jones LW, Eves ND, Haykowsky M, Freedland SJ, Mackey JR. Exercise intolerance in cancer and the role of exercise therapy to reverse dysfunction. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:598–605.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Hornsby WE, Douglas PS, West MJ, Kenjale AA, Lane AR, Schwitzer ER, et al. Safety and efficacy of aerobic training in operable breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a phase II randomized trial. Acta Oncol. 2014;53:65–74.CrossRefPubMed Hornsby WE, Douglas PS, West MJ, Kenjale AA, Lane AR, Schwitzer ER, et al. Safety and efficacy of aerobic training in operable breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a phase II randomized trial. Acta Oncol. 2014;53:65–74.CrossRefPubMed
12.•
Zurück zum Zitat Jones LW, Courneya KS, Mackey JR, Muss HB, Pituskin EN, Scott JM, et al. Cardiopulmonary function and age-related decline across the breast cancer survivorship continuum. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:2530–7. This is an excellent summary paper of the effects of breast cancer treatment on cardiorespiratory fitness and selected cardiovascular measures at different time points during treatment. PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Jones LW, Courneya KS, Mackey JR, Muss HB, Pituskin EN, Scott JM, et al. Cardiopulmonary function and age-related decline across the breast cancer survivorship continuum. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:2530–7. This is an excellent summary paper of the effects of breast cancer treatment on cardiorespiratory fitness and selected cardiovascular measures at different time points during treatment. PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat McGuire DK, Levine BD, Williamson JW, Snell PG. A 30-year follow-up of the Dallas Bed Rest and Training Study I. Effect of age on the cardiovascular response to exercise. Circulation. 2001;104:1358–66.CrossRefPubMed McGuire DK, Levine BD, Williamson JW, Snell PG. A 30-year follow-up of the Dallas Bed Rest and Training Study I. Effect of age on the cardiovascular response to exercise. Circulation. 2001;104:1358–66.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Blair SN, Kohl HW, Paffenbarger RS, Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA. 1989;262:2395–401.CrossRefPubMed Blair SN, Kohl HW, Paffenbarger RS, Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA. 1989;262:2395–401.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Keteyian SJ, Brawner CA, Savage PD, Ehrman JK, Schairer J, Divine G, et al. Peak aerobic capacity predicts prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Am Heart J. 2008;156:292–300.CrossRefPubMed Keteyian SJ, Brawner CA, Savage PD, Ehrman JK, Schairer J, Divine G, et al. Peak aerobic capacity predicts prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Am Heart J. 2008;156:292–300.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Myers J, Prakash M, Froelicher V, Do D, Partington S, Atwood J. Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:793–801.CrossRefPubMed Myers J, Prakash M, Froelicher V, Do D, Partington S, Atwood J. Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:793–801.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Peel JB, Sui X, Adams SA, Hébert JR, Hardin JW, Blair SN. A prospective study of cardiorespiratory fitness and breast cancer mortality. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:742–8.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Peel JB, Sui X, Adams SA, Hébert JR, Hardin JW, Blair SN. A prospective study of cardiorespiratory fitness and breast cancer mortality. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:742–8.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Blair SN, Kohl HW, Barlow CE, Paffenbarger RS, Gibbons LW, Macera CA. Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men. JAMA. 1995;273:1093–8.CrossRefPubMed Blair SN, Kohl HW, Barlow CE, Paffenbarger RS, Gibbons LW, Macera CA. Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men. JAMA. 1995;273:1093–8.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt K, Vogt L, Thiel C, Jäger E, Banzer W. Validity of the six-minute walk test in cancer patients. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34:631–6.CrossRefPubMed Schmidt K, Vogt L, Thiel C, Jäger E, Banzer W. Validity of the six-minute walk test in cancer patients. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34:631–6.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Rasekaba T, Lee AL, Naughton MT, Williams TJ, Holland AE. The six-minute walk test: a useful metric for the cardiopulmonary patient. Int Med J. 2009;39:495–501.CrossRef Rasekaba T, Lee AL, Naughton MT, Williams TJ, Holland AE. The six-minute walk test: a useful metric for the cardiopulmonary patient. Int Med J. 2009;39:495–501.CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Fritz S, Lusardi M. White paper: “walking speed: the sixth vital sign.”. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2009;32:2–5.CrossRef Fritz S, Lusardi M. White paper: “walking speed: the sixth vital sign.”. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2009;32:2–5.CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Cesari M, Cerullo F, Zamboni V, Di Palma R, Scambia G, Balducci L, et al. Functional status and mortality in older women with gynecological cancer. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68:1129–33.CrossRefPubMed Cesari M, Cerullo F, Zamboni V, Di Palma R, Scambia G, Balducci L, et al. Functional status and mortality in older women with gynecological cancer. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68:1129–33.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Klepin HD, Geiger AM, Tooze JA, Newman AB, Colbert LH, Bauer DC, et al. Physical performance and subsequent disability and survival in older adults with malignancy: results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:76–82.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Klepin HD, Geiger AM, Tooze JA, Newman AB, Colbert LH, Bauer DC, et al. Physical performance and subsequent disability and survival in older adults with malignancy: results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:76–82.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Niederer D, Schmidt K, Vogt L, Egen J, Klingler J, Hübscher M, et al. Functional capacity and fear of falling in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Gait Posture. 2014;39:865–9.CrossRefPubMed Niederer D, Schmidt K, Vogt L, Egen J, Klingler J, Hübscher M, et al. Functional capacity and fear of falling in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Gait Posture. 2014;39:865–9.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Winters-Stone KM, Torgrimson B, Horak F, Eisner A, Nail L, Leo MC, et al. Identifying factors associated with falls in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a multi-disciplinary approach. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:646–52.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Winters-Stone KM, Torgrimson B, Horak F, Eisner A, Nail L, Leo MC, et al. Identifying factors associated with falls in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a multi-disciplinary approach. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:646–52.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
26.•
Zurück zum Zitat Battaglini CL, Mills RC, Phillips BL, Lee JT, Story CE, Nascimento MG, et al. Twenty-five years of research on the effects of exercise training in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review of the literature. World J Clin Oncol. 2014;5:177–90. This is the most recent review summarizing the benefits of exercise training on numerous health outcomes. Battaglini CL, Mills RC, Phillips BL, Lee JT, Story CE, Nascimento MG, et al. Twenty-five years of research on the effects of exercise training in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review of the literature. World J Clin Oncol. 2014;5:177–90. This is the most recent review summarizing the benefits of exercise training on numerous health outcomes.
27.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee I-M, et al. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43:1334–59.CrossRefPubMed Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee I-M, et al. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43:1334–59.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Winters-Stone KM, Dobek J, Bennett JA, Nail LM, Leo MC, Schwartz A. The effect of resistance training on muscle strength and physical function in older, postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. J Cancer Surviv. 2011;6:189–99.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Winters-Stone KM, Dobek J, Bennett JA, Nail LM, Leo MC, Schwartz A. The effect of resistance training on muscle strength and physical function in older, postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. J Cancer Surviv. 2011;6:189–99.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Litterini AJ, Fieler VK, Cavanaugh JT, Lee JQ. Differential effects of cardiovascular and resistance exercise on functional mobility in individuals with advanced cancer: a randomized trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94:2329–35.CrossRefPubMed Litterini AJ, Fieler VK, Cavanaugh JT, Lee JQ. Differential effects of cardiovascular and resistance exercise on functional mobility in individuals with advanced cancer: a randomized trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94:2329–35.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Gagnon B, Murphy J, Eades M, Lemoignan J, Jelowicki M, Carney S, et al. A prospective evaluation of an interdisciplinary nutrition-rehabilitation program for patients with advanced cancer. Curr Oncol. 2013;20:310.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Gagnon B, Murphy J, Eades M, Lemoignan J, Jelowicki M, Carney S, et al. A prospective evaluation of an interdisciplinary nutrition-rehabilitation program for patients with advanced cancer. Curr Oncol. 2013;20:310.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Rantanen T. Muscle strength, disability and mortality. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2003;13:3–8.CrossRefPubMed Rantanen T. Muscle strength, disability and mortality. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2003;13:3–8.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61:72–7.CrossRefPubMed Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61:72–7.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Rantanen T, Guralnik JM, Foley D, Masaki K, Leveille S, Curb JD, et al. Midlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disability. JAMA. 1999;281:558–60.CrossRefPubMed Rantanen T, Guralnik JM, Foley D, Masaki K, Leveille S, Curb JD, et al. Midlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disability. JAMA. 1999;281:558–60.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Sasaki H, Kasagi F, Yamada M, Fujita S. Grip strength predicts cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and elderly persons. Am J Med. 2007;120:337–42.CrossRefPubMed Sasaki H, Kasagi F, Yamada M, Fujita S. Grip strength predicts cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and elderly persons. Am J Med. 2007;120:337–42.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirkham AA, Neil-Sztramko SE, Morgan J, Hodson S, Weller S, Mcrae T, et al. Health-related physical fitness assessment in a community-based cancer rehabilitation setting. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23:2525–33.CrossRefPubMed Kirkham AA, Neil-Sztramko SE, Morgan J, Hodson S, Weller S, Mcrae T, et al. Health-related physical fitness assessment in a community-based cancer rehabilitation setting. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23:2525–33.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Rietman JS, Dijkstra PU, Debreczeni R, Geertzen JH, Robinson DP, de Vries J. Impairments, disabilities and health related quality of life after treatment for breast cancer: a follow-up study 2.7 years after surgery. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;26:78–84.CrossRef Rietman JS, Dijkstra PU, Debreczeni R, Geertzen JH, Robinson DP, de Vries J. Impairments, disabilities and health related quality of life after treatment for breast cancer: a follow-up study 2.7 years after surgery. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;26:78–84.CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Cantarero-Villanueva I, Fernández-Lao C, Díaz-Rodríguez L, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Ruiz JR, Arroyo-Morales M. The handgrip strength test as a measure of function in breast cancer survivors. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;91:774–82.CrossRefPubMed Cantarero-Villanueva I, Fernández-Lao C, Díaz-Rodríguez L, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Ruiz JR, Arroyo-Morales M. The handgrip strength test as a measure of function in breast cancer survivors. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;91:774–82.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat McCarthy EK, Horvat MA, Holtsberg PA, Wisenbaker JM. Repeated chair stands as a measure of lower limb strength in sexagenarian women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59:1207–12.CrossRefPubMed McCarthy EK, Horvat MA, Holtsberg PA, Wisenbaker JM. Repeated chair stands as a measure of lower limb strength in sexagenarian women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59:1207–12.CrossRefPubMed
40.••
Zurück zum Zitat Pescatello LS, Arena R, Riebe D, Thompson PD, editors. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014. This book is the gold standard resource on exercise testing and prescription. Pescatello LS, Arena R, Riebe D, Thompson PD, editors. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014. This book is the gold standard resource on exercise testing and prescription.
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodpaster BH, Park SW, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Nevitt M, Schwartz AV, et al. The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61:1059–64.CrossRefPubMed Goodpaster BH, Park SW, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Nevitt M, Schwartz AV, et al. The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61:1059–64.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:889–96.CrossRefPubMed Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:889–96.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Kutynec CL, McCargar L, Barr SI, Hislop TG. Energy balance in women with breast cancer during adjuvant treatment. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:1222–7.CrossRefPubMed Kutynec CL, McCargar L, Barr SI, Hislop TG. Energy balance in women with breast cancer during adjuvant treatment. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:1222–7.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Harvie MN, Campbell IT, Baildam A, Howell A. Energy balance in early breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2004;83:201–10.CrossRefPubMed Harvie MN, Campbell IT, Baildam A, Howell A. Energy balance in early breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2004;83:201–10.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Winters-Stone KM, Bennett JA, Nail L, Schwartz A. Strength, physical activity, and age predict fatigue in older breast cancer survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2008;35:815–21.CrossRefPubMed Winters-Stone KM, Bennett JA, Nail L, Schwartz A. Strength, physical activity, and age predict fatigue in older breast cancer survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2008;35:815–21.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Winters-Stone KM, Nail L, Bennett JA, Schwartz A. Bone health and falls: fracture risk in breast cancer survivors with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2009;36:315–25.CrossRefPubMed Winters-Stone KM, Nail L, Bennett JA, Schwartz A. Bone health and falls: fracture risk in breast cancer survivors with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2009;36:315–25.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Irwin ML, editor. ACSM’s guide to exercise and cancer survivorship. Windsor: Human Kinetics; 2012. Irwin ML, editor. ACSM’s guide to exercise and cancer survivorship. Windsor: Human Kinetics; 2012.
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmitz KH, Speck RM. Risks and benefits of physical activity among breast cancer survivors who have completed treatment. Women’s Health. 2010;6:221–38.CrossRefPubMed Schmitz KH, Speck RM. Risks and benefits of physical activity among breast cancer survivors who have completed treatment. Women’s Health. 2010;6:221–38.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Patnaik JL, Byers T, DiGuiseppi C, Dabelea D, Denberg TD. Cardiovascular disease competes with breast cancer as the leading cause of death for older females diagnosed with breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13:R64.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Patnaik JL, Byers T, DiGuiseppi C, Dabelea D, Denberg TD. Cardiovascular disease competes with breast cancer as the leading cause of death for older females diagnosed with breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13:R64.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Hooning MJ, Botma A, Aleman BMP, Baaijens MHA, Bartelink H, Klijn JGM, et al. Long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in 10-year survivors of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99:365–75.CrossRefPubMed Hooning MJ, Botma A, Aleman BMP, Baaijens MHA, Bartelink H, Klijn JGM, et al. Long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in 10-year survivors of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99:365–75.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Riihimaki M, Thomsen H, Brandt A, Sundquist J, Hemminki K. Death causes in breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2012;23:604–10.CrossRefPubMed Riihimaki M, Thomsen H, Brandt A, Sundquist J, Hemminki K. Death causes in breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2012;23:604–10.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones LW, Haykowsky MJ, Swartz JJ, Douglas PS, Mackey JR. Early breast cancer therapy and cardiovascular injury. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1435–41.CrossRefPubMed Jones LW, Haykowsky MJ, Swartz JJ, Douglas PS, Mackey JR. Early breast cancer therapy and cardiovascular injury. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1435–41.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat World Heart Federation. Cardiovascular disease risk factors. World Heart Federation; 2013 pp. 1–4. World Heart Federation. Cardiovascular disease risk factors. World Heart Federation; 2013 pp. 1–4.
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Yancik R, Wesley MN, Ries LA, Havlik RJ, Edwards BK, Yates JW. Effect of age and comorbidity in postmenopausal breast cancer patients aged 55 years and older. JAMA. 2001;285:885–92.CrossRefPubMed Yancik R, Wesley MN, Ries LA, Havlik RJ, Edwards BK, Yates JW. Effect of age and comorbidity in postmenopausal breast cancer patients aged 55 years and older. JAMA. 2001;285:885–92.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Yancik R, Havlik RJ, Wesley MN, Ries L, Long S, Rossi WK, et al. Cancer and comorbidity in older patients: a descriptive profile. Ann Epidemiol. 1996;6:399–412.CrossRefPubMed Yancik R, Havlik RJ, Wesley MN, Ries L, Long S, Rossi WK, et al. Cancer and comorbidity in older patients: a descriptive profile. Ann Epidemiol. 1996;6:399–412.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Stamler J, Rose G, Stamler R, Elliott P, Dyer A, Marmot M. INTERSALT study findings. Public health and medical care implications. Hypertension. 1989;14:570–7.CrossRefPubMed Stamler J, Rose G, Stamler R, Elliott P, Dyer A, Marmot M. INTERSALT study findings. Public health and medical care implications. Hypertension. 1989;14:570–7.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Harris EER, Correa C, Hwang WT, Liao J, Litt HI, Ferrari VA, et al. Late cardiac mortality and morbidity in early-stage breast cancer patients after breast-conservation treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4100–6.CrossRefPubMed Harris EER, Correa C, Hwang WT, Liao J, Litt HI, Ferrari VA, et al. Late cardiac mortality and morbidity in early-stage breast cancer patients after breast-conservation treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4100–6.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, editors. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, editors. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompat W, Sukarayodhin S, Sornprom A, Sudjaroen Y, Laisupasin P. Comparison of serum lipid profiles between normal controls and breast cancer patients. J Lab Physicians. 2013;5:38.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Thompat W, Sukarayodhin S, Sornprom A, Sudjaroen Y, Laisupasin P. Comparison of serum lipid profiles between normal controls and breast cancer patients. J Lab Physicians. 2013;5:38.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
61.
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Kökoğlu E, Karaarslan I, Karaarslan HM, Baloğlu H. Alterations of serum lipids and lipoproteins in breast cancer. Cancer Lett. 1994;82:175–8.CrossRefPubMed Kökoğlu E, Karaarslan I, Karaarslan HM, Baloğlu H. Alterations of serum lipids and lipoproteins in breast cancer. Cancer Lett. 1994;82:175–8.CrossRefPubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Lopez-Saez J-B, Martinez-Rubio JA, Alvarez MM, Carrera CG, Dominguez Villar M, de Lomas Mier AG, et al. Metabolic profile of breast cancer in a population of women in southern Spain. Open Clin Cancer J. 2008;2:1–6.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Lopez-Saez J-B, Martinez-Rubio JA, Alvarez MM, Carrera CG, Dominguez Villar M, de Lomas Mier AG, et al. Metabolic profile of breast cancer in a population of women in southern Spain. Open Clin Cancer J. 2008;2:1–6.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Yadav NK, Poudel B, Thanpari C, Chandra KB. Assessment of biochemical profiles in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13:3385–8.CrossRefPubMed Yadav NK, Poudel B, Thanpari C, Chandra KB. Assessment of biochemical profiles in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13:3385–8.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Alexopoulos CG, Pournaras S, Vaslamatzis M, Avgerinos A, Raptis S. Changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins in cancer patients during chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1992;30:412–6.CrossRefPubMed Alexopoulos CG, Pournaras S, Vaslamatzis M, Avgerinos A, Raptis S. Changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins in cancer patients during chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1992;30:412–6.CrossRefPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Love RR, Wiebe DA, Newcomb PA, Cameron L, Leventhal H, Jordan VC, et al. Effects of tamoxifen on cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:860–4.CrossRefPubMed Love RR, Wiebe DA, Newcomb PA, Cameron L, Leventhal H, Jordan VC, et al. Effects of tamoxifen on cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:860–4.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Irwin ML, McTiernan A, Baumgartner RN, Baumgartner KB, Bernstein L, Gilliland FD, et al. Changes in body fat and weight after a breast cancer diagnosis: influence of demographic, prognostic, and lifestyle factors. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:774–82.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Irwin ML, McTiernan A, Baumgartner RN, Baumgartner KB, Bernstein L, Gilliland FD, et al. Changes in body fat and weight after a breast cancer diagnosis: influence of demographic, prognostic, and lifestyle factors. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:774–82.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Pritchard KI, McCready D, Koo J, Sidlofsky S, et al. Adjuvant treatment and onset of menopause predict weight gain after breast cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:120.PubMed Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Pritchard KI, McCready D, Koo J, Sidlofsky S, et al. Adjuvant treatment and onset of menopause predict weight gain after breast cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:120.PubMed
69.•
Zurück zum Zitat Ghose A, Kundu R, Toumeh A, Hornbeck C, Mohamed I. A review of obesity, insulin resistance, and the role of exercise in breast cancer patients. Nutr Cancer. 2015;67:197–202. This is a comprehensive review focusing on the interactions between breast cancer treatment, weight gain, and insurance resistance, with a discussion of the role of exercise. CrossRefPubMed Ghose A, Kundu R, Toumeh A, Hornbeck C, Mohamed I. A review of obesity, insulin resistance, and the role of exercise in breast cancer patients. Nutr Cancer. 2015;67:197–202. This is a comprehensive review focusing on the interactions between breast cancer treatment, weight gain, and insurance resistance, with a discussion of the role of exercise. CrossRefPubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson PWF, D’Agostino RB, Sullivan L, Parise H, Kannel WB. Overweight and obesity as determinants of cardiovascular risk: the Framingham experience. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1867–72.CrossRefPubMed Wilson PWF, D’Agostino RB, Sullivan L, Parise H, Kannel WB. Overweight and obesity as determinants of cardiovascular risk: the Framingham experience. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1867–72.CrossRefPubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Bahl M, Fantus IG, Pritchard KI, Trudeau ME, et al. High insulin levels in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients reflect underlying insulin resistance and are associated with components of the insulin resistance syndrome. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;114:517–25.CrossRefPubMed Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Bahl M, Fantus IG, Pritchard KI, Trudeau ME, et al. High insulin levels in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients reflect underlying insulin resistance and are associated with components of the insulin resistance syndrome. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;114:517–25.CrossRefPubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Pritchard KI, Trudeau ME, Koo J, Madarnas Y, et al. Fasting insulin and outcome in early-stage breast cancer: results of a prospective cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2001;20:42–51.CrossRef Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Pritchard KI, Trudeau ME, Koo J, Madarnas Y, et al. Fasting insulin and outcome in early-stage breast cancer: results of a prospective cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2001;20:42–51.CrossRef
73.•
Zurück zum Zitat Kirkham AA, Davis MK. Exercise prevention of cardiovascular disease in breast cancer survivors. J Oncol. 2015;Article ID 917606. This is the most recent review on the evidence for the role of exercise in preventing cardiovascular disease in breast cancer survivors. It summarizes the available animal research demonstrating the ability of aerobic exercise to attenuate direct effects of doxorubicin on the heart, as well as the effects of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in breast cancer survivors. Kirkham AA, Davis MK. Exercise prevention of cardiovascular disease in breast cancer survivors. J Oncol. 2015;Article ID 917606. This is the most recent review on the evidence for the role of exercise in preventing cardiovascular disease in breast cancer survivors. It summarizes the available animal research demonstrating the ability of aerobic exercise to attenuate direct effects of doxorubicin on the heart, as well as the effects of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in breast cancer survivors.
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Sturgeon KM, Ky B, Libonati JR, Schmitz KH. The effects of exercise on cardiovascular outcomes before, during, and after treatment for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014;143:219–26.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Sturgeon KM, Ky B, Libonati JR, Schmitz KH. The effects of exercise on cardiovascular outcomes before, during, and after treatment for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014;143:219–26.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Collier SR, Kanaley JA, Carhart R, Frechette V, Tobin MM, Hall AK, et al. Effect of 4 weeks of aerobic or resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, blood flow and blood pressure in pre- and stage-1 hypertensives. J Hum Hypertens. 2008;22:678–86.CrossRefPubMed Collier SR, Kanaley JA, Carhart R, Frechette V, Tobin MM, Hall AK, et al. Effect of 4 weeks of aerobic or resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, blood flow and blood pressure in pre- and stage-1 hypertensives. J Hum Hypertens. 2008;22:678–86.CrossRefPubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz AL. Exercise and weight gain in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Cancer Pract. 2000;8:231–7.CrossRefPubMed Schwartz AL. Exercise and weight gain in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Cancer Pract. 2000;8:231–7.CrossRefPubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Reeves MM, Terranova CO, Eakin EG, Demark-Wahnefried W. Weight loss intervention trials in women with breast cancer: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2014;15:749–68.CrossRefPubMed Reeves MM, Terranova CO, Eakin EG, Demark-Wahnefried W. Weight loss intervention trials in women with breast cancer: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2014;15:749–68.CrossRefPubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New Engl J Med. 2001;344:1343–50.CrossRefPubMed Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New Engl J Med. 2001;344:1343–50.CrossRefPubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Demark-Wahnefried W, Case LD, Blackwell K, Marcom PK, Kraus W, Aziz N, et al. Results of a diet/exercise feasibility trial to prevent adverse body composition change in breast cancer patients on adjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Breast Cancer. 2008;8:70–9.CrossRefPubMed Demark-Wahnefried W, Case LD, Blackwell K, Marcom PK, Kraus W, Aziz N, et al. Results of a diet/exercise feasibility trial to prevent adverse body composition change in breast cancer patients on adjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Breast Cancer. 2008;8:70–9.CrossRefPubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Fairey AS, Courneya KS, Field CJ, Bell GJ, Jones LW, Mackey JR. Effects of exercise training on fasting insulin, insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factors, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:721–7.PubMed Fairey AS, Courneya KS, Field CJ, Bell GJ, Jones LW, Mackey JR. Effects of exercise training on fasting insulin, insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factors, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:721–7.PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Guinan E, Hussey J, Broderick JM, Lithander FE, O’Donnell D, Kennedy MJ, et al. The effect of aerobic exercise on metabolic and inflammatory markers in breast cancer survivors—a pilot study. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21:1983–92.CrossRefPubMed Guinan E, Hussey J, Broderick JM, Lithander FE, O’Donnell D, Kennedy MJ, et al. The effect of aerobic exercise on metabolic and inflammatory markers in breast cancer survivors—a pilot study. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21:1983–92.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Irwin ML, Varma K, Alvarez-Reeves M, Cadmus L, Wiley A, Chung GG, et al. Randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise on insulin and insulin-like growth factors in breast cancer survivors: the Yale Exercise and Survivorship Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:306–13.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Irwin ML, Varma K, Alvarez-Reeves M, Cadmus L, Wiley A, Chung GG, et al. Randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise on insulin and insulin-like growth factors in breast cancer survivors: the Yale Exercise and Survivorship Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:306–13.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Ligibel JA, Campbell N, Partridge A, Chen WY, Salinardi T, Chen H, et al. Impact of a mixed strength and endurance exercise intervention on insulin levels in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:907–12.CrossRefPubMed Ligibel JA, Campbell N, Partridge A, Chen WY, Salinardi T, Chen H, et al. Impact of a mixed strength and endurance exercise intervention on insulin levels in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:907–12.CrossRefPubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Nuri R, Kordi MR, Moghaddasi M, Rahnama N, Damirchi A, Rahmani-Nia F, et al. Effect of combination exercise training on metabolic syndrome parameters in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. J Cancer Res Ther. 2012;8:238–42.CrossRefPubMed Nuri R, Kordi MR, Moghaddasi M, Rahnama N, Damirchi A, Rahmani-Nia F, et al. Effect of combination exercise training on metabolic syndrome parameters in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. J Cancer Res Ther. 2012;8:238–42.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmitz KH, Ahmed RL, Hannan PJ, Yee D. Safety and efficacy of weight training in recent breast cancer survivors to alter body composition, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor axis proteins. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1672–80.CrossRefPubMed Schmitz KH, Ahmed RL, Hannan PJ, Yee D. Safety and efficacy of weight training in recent breast cancer survivors to alter body composition, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor axis proteins. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1672–80.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Campbell KL, Van Patten CL, Neil SE, Kirkham AA, Gotay CC, Gelmon KA, et al. Feasibility of a lifestyle intervention on body weight and serum biomarkers in breast cancer survivors with overweight and obesity. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:559–67.CrossRefPubMed Campbell KL, Van Patten CL, Neil SE, Kirkham AA, Gotay CC, Gelmon KA, et al. Feasibility of a lifestyle intervention on body weight and serum biomarkers in breast cancer survivors with overweight and obesity. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:559–67.CrossRefPubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen Z, Maricic M, Bassford TL, Pettinger M, Ritenbaugh C, Lopez AM, et al. Fracture risk among breast cancer survivors: results from the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:552–8.CrossRefPubMed Chen Z, Maricic M, Bassford TL, Pettinger M, Ritenbaugh C, Lopez AM, et al. Fracture risk among breast cancer survivors: results from the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:552–8.CrossRefPubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Lester J, Dodwell D, McCloskey E, Coleman R. The causes and treatment of bone loss associated with carcinoma of the breast. Cancer Treat Rev. 2005;31:115–42.CrossRefPubMed Lester J, Dodwell D, McCloskey E, Coleman R. The causes and treatment of bone loss associated with carcinoma of the breast. Cancer Treat Rev. 2005;31:115–42.CrossRefPubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz AL, Winters-Stone K, Gallucci B. Exercise effects on bone mineral density in women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007;34:627–33.CrossRefPubMed Schwartz AL, Winters-Stone K, Gallucci B. Exercise effects on bone mineral density in women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007;34:627–33.CrossRefPubMed
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Winters-Stone KM, Dobek J, Nail L, Bennett JA, Leo MC, Naik A, et al. Strength training stops bone loss and builds muscle in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;127:447–56.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Winters-Stone KM, Dobek J, Nail L, Bennett JA, Leo MC, Naik A, et al. Strength training stops bone loss and builds muscle in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;127:447–56.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Winters-Stone KM, Schwartz A, Nail LM. A review of exercise interventions to improve bone health in adult cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv. 2010;4:187–201.CrossRefPubMed Winters-Stone KM, Schwartz A, Nail LM. A review of exercise interventions to improve bone health in adult cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv. 2010;4:187–201.CrossRefPubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Waltman NL, Twiss JJ, Ott CD, Gross GJ, Lindsey AM, Moore TE, et al. The effect of weight training on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with bone loss: a 24-month randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 2009;21:1361–9.CrossRefPubMed Waltman NL, Twiss JJ, Ott CD, Gross GJ, Lindsey AM, Moore TE, et al. The effect of weight training on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with bone loss: a 24-month randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 2009;21:1361–9.CrossRefPubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang J. Chemotherapy dose reduction and delay in clinical practice: evaluating the risk to patient outcome in adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2000;36:11–4.CrossRef Chang J. Chemotherapy dose reduction and delay in clinical practice: evaluating the risk to patient outcome in adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2000;36:11–4.CrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Bluethmann SM, Vernon SW, Gabriel KP, Murphy CC, Bartholomew LK. Taking the next step: a systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and behavior change interventions in recent post-treatment breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015;149:331–42.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Bluethmann SM, Vernon SW, Gabriel KP, Murphy CC, Bartholomew LK. Taking the next step: a systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and behavior change interventions in recent post-treatment breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015;149:331–42.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuen HK, Sword D. Home-based exercise to alleviate fatigue and improve functional capacity among breast cancer survivors. J Allied Health. 2007;36:e257–75.PubMed Yuen HK, Sword D. Home-based exercise to alleviate fatigue and improve functional capacity among breast cancer survivors. J Allied Health. 2007;36:e257–75.PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Rock CL, Doyle C, Demark-Wahnefried W, Meyerhardt J, Courneya KS, Shwartz A, et al. Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62:275–6.CrossRef Rock CL, Doyle C, Demark-Wahnefried W, Meyerhardt J, Courneya KS, Shwartz A, et al. Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62:275–6.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Clinically Relevant Physical Benefits of Exercise Interventions in Breast Cancer Survivors
verfasst von
Amy A. Kirkham
Kelcey A. Bland
Sarah Sayyari
Kristin L. Campbell
Margot K. Davis
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Oncology Reports / Ausgabe 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1523-3790
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6269
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-015-0496-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2016

Current Oncology Reports 2/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Integrative Care (C Lammersfeld, Section Editor)

Impact of Body Weight and Body Composition on Ovarian Cancer Prognosis

Gastrointestinal Cancers (J Meyer, Section Editor)

Advances in Local and Systemic Therapies for Hepatocellular Cancer

Gastrointestinal Cancers (J Meyer, Section Editor)

Advances in the Management of Gastric and Gastroesophageal Cancers

Head and Neck Cancers (EY Hanna, Section Editor)

The Role of Narrow Band Imaging in Head and Neck Cancers

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.