Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Pain and Headache Reports 7/2015

01.07.2015 | Childhood and Adolescent Headache (S Evers, Section Editor)

Headache and ADHD in Pediatric Age: Possible Physiopathological Links

verfasst von: Maria Chiara Paolino, Alessandro Ferretti, Maria Pia Villa, Pasquale Parisi

Erschienen in: Current Pain and Headache Reports | Ausgabe 7/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Primary headache and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common disorders in children and adolescences, frequently associated to severe cognitive, emotional, and behavioral impairments. They both are a disabling condition with consequences on family and child’s quality of life. Literature data on their association are contrasting. Dopaminergic system dysfunction, brain iron deficiency, and sleep disturbance should be considered to better understand headache and ADHD overlap. In this review, we analyze the complex association between these two diseases and the potential impact on child neurodevelopment.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Genizi J, Gordon S, Kerem NC, Srugo I, Shahar E, Ravid S. Primary headaches, attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities in children and adolescents. J Headache Pain. 2013;14(1):54.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Genizi J, Gordon S, Kerem NC, Srugo I, Shahar E, Ravid S. Primary headaches, attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities in children and adolescents. J Headache Pain. 2013;14(1):54.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Arruda MA, Bigal ME. Migraine and migraine subtypes in preadolescent children: association with school performance. Neurology. 2012;79(18):1881–8.PubMedCrossRef Arruda MA, Bigal ME. Migraine and migraine subtypes in preadolescent children: association with school performance. Neurology. 2012;79(18):1881–8.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Pakalnis A, Gibson MS, Colvin A. Comorbidity of psychiatric and behavioral disorders in pediatric migraine. Headache. 2005;45:590–6.PubMedCrossRef Pakalnis A, Gibson MS, Colvin A. Comorbidity of psychiatric and behavioral disorders in pediatric migraine. Headache. 2005;45:590–6.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Fuh JL, Wang SJ, Lu SR, Liao YC, Chen SP, Yang CY. Headache disability among adolescents: a student population-based study. Headache. 2010;50:210–8.PubMedCrossRef Fuh JL, Wang SJ, Lu SR, Liao YC, Chen SP, Yang CY. Headache disability among adolescents: a student population-based study. Headache. 2010;50:210–8.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Esposito M, Pascotto A, Gallai B, et al. Can headache impair intellectual abilities in children? An observational study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2012;8:509–13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Esposito M, Pascotto A, Gallai B, et al. Can headache impair intellectual abilities in children? An observational study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2012;8:509–13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Parisi P, Verrotti A, Paolino MC, et al. Headache and cognitive profile in children: a cross-sectional controlled study. J Headache Pain. 2010;11(1):45–51.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Parisi P, Verrotti A, Paolino MC, et al. Headache and cognitive profile in children: a cross-sectional controlled study. J Headache Pain. 2010;11(1):45–51.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Esposito M, Parisi P, Miano S, Carotenuto M. Migraine and periodic limb movement disorders in sleep in children: a preliminary case–control study. J Headache Pain. 2013;14(1):57.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Esposito M, Parisi P, Miano S, Carotenuto M. Migraine and periodic limb movement disorders in sleep in children: a preliminary case–control study. J Headache Pain. 2013;14(1):57.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Dosi C, Riccioni A, Della Corte M, Novelli L, Ferri R, Bruni O. Comorbidities of sleep disorders in childhood and adolescence: focus on migraine. Nat Sci Sleep. 2013;5:77–85.PubMedCentralPubMed Dosi C, Riccioni A, Della Corte M, Novelli L, Ferri R, Bruni O. Comorbidities of sleep disorders in childhood and adolescence: focus on migraine. Nat Sci Sleep. 2013;5:77–85.PubMedCentralPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Annequin D, Tourniaire B, Massiou H. Migraine and headache in childhood and adolescents. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2000;47:617–31.CrossRef Annequin D, Tourniaire B, Massiou H. Migraine and headache in childhood and adolescents. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2000;47:617–31.CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Guidetti V, Galli F, Cerutti R, Fortugno S. “From 0 to 18”: what happens to the child and his headache? Funct Neurol. 2000;15 Suppl 3:122–9.PubMed Guidetti V, Galli F, Cerutti R, Fortugno S. “From 0 to 18”: what happens to the child and his headache? Funct Neurol. 2000;15 Suppl 3:122–9.PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Stovner L, Hagen K, Jensen R, et al. The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia. 2007;27(3):193–210.PubMedCrossRef Stovner L, Hagen K, Jensen R, et al. The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia. 2007;27(3):193–210.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Akinbami LJ, Liu X, Pastor PN, Reuben CA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children aged 5–17 years in the United States, 1998–2009. NCHS Data Brief. 2011;70:1–8.PubMed Akinbami LJ, Liu X, Pastor PN, Reuben CA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children aged 5–17 years in the United States, 1998–2009. NCHS Data Brief. 2011;70:1–8.PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(6):942–8.PubMedCrossRef Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(6):942–8.PubMedCrossRef
14.••
Zurück zum Zitat Parisi P, Moavero R, Verrotti A, Curatolo P. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with epilepsy. Brain Dev. 2010;32(1):10–6. This review is crucial because it highlights the possible relationship between EEG anomalies-discharges/seizures and ADHD.PubMedCrossRef Parisi P, Moavero R, Verrotti A, Curatolo P. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with epilepsy. Brain Dev. 2010;32(1):10–6. This review is crucial because it highlights the possible relationship between EEG anomalies-discharges/seizures and ADHD.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindblad I, Svensson L, Landgren M, et al. Mild intellectual disability and ADHD; a comparative study of school age children’s adaptive abilities. Acta Paediatr. 2013;102(10):1027–31.PubMedCrossRef Lindblad I, Svensson L, Landgren M, et al. Mild intellectual disability and ADHD; a comparative study of school age children’s adaptive abilities. Acta Paediatr. 2013;102(10):1027–31.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Arnett AB, Macdonald B, Pennington BF. Cognitive and behavioral indicators of ADHD symptoms prior to school age. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013;54(12):1284–94. Arnett AB, Macdonald B, Pennington BF. Cognitive and behavioral indicators of ADHD symptoms prior to school age. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013;54(12):1284–94.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Factor PI, Rosen PJ, Reyes RA. The relation of poor emotional awareness and externalizing behavior among children with ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2013. doi:10.1177/1087054713494005. Factor PI, Rosen PJ, Reyes RA. The relation of poor emotional awareness and externalizing behavior among children with ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2013. doi:10.​1177/​1087054713494005​.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Aromaa M, Rautava P, Helenius H, Sillanpaa ML. Factors of early life as predictors of headache in children at school entry. Headache. 1998;38(1):23–30.PubMedCrossRef Aromaa M, Rautava P, Helenius H, Sillanpaa ML. Factors of early life as predictors of headache in children at school entry. Headache. 1998;38(1):23–30.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Virtanen R, Aromaa M, Koskenvuo M, et al. Externalizing problem behaviors and headache: a follow-up study of adolescent Finnish twins. Pediatrics. 2004;114:981–7.PubMedCrossRef Virtanen R, Aromaa M, Koskenvuo M, et al. Externalizing problem behaviors and headache: a follow-up study of adolescent Finnish twins. Pediatrics. 2004;114:981–7.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Arruda M, Guidetti V, Galli F, et al. Migraine, tension-type headache, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood: a population-based study. Postgrad Med. 2010;122:18–26.PubMedCrossRef Arruda M, Guidetti V, Galli F, et al. Migraine, tension-type headache, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood: a population-based study. Postgrad Med. 2010;122:18–26.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Parisi P, Verrotti A, Paolino MC, Ferretti A, Raucci U, Moavero R, et al. Headache and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children: common condition with complex relation and disabling consequences. Epilepsy Behav. 2014;32:72–5.PubMedCrossRef Parisi P, Verrotti A, Paolino MC, Ferretti A, Raucci U, Moavero R, et al. Headache and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children: common condition with complex relation and disabling consequences. Epilepsy Behav. 2014;32:72–5.PubMedCrossRef
22.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Strine TW, Okoro CA, McGuire LC, Balluz LS. The associations among childhood headaches, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and health care use. Pediatrics. 2006;117(5):1728–35.PubMedCrossRef Strine TW, Okoro CA, McGuire LC, Balluz LS. The associations among childhood headaches, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and health care use. Pediatrics. 2006;117(5):1728–35.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Fasmer OB, Oedegaard KJ. Clinical characteristics of patients with major affective disorders and comorbid migraine. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2001;2(3):149–55.PubMedCrossRef Fasmer OB, Oedegaard KJ. Clinical characteristics of patients with major affective disorders and comorbid migraine. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2001;2(3):149–55.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Low NC, Du Fort GG, Cervantes P. Prevalence, clinical correlates, and treatment of migraine in bipolar disorder. Headache. 2003;43(9):940–9.PubMedCrossRef Low NC, Du Fort GG, Cervantes P. Prevalence, clinical correlates, and treatment of migraine in bipolar disorder. Headache. 2003;43(9):940–9.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Jette N, Patten S, Williams J, Becker W, Wiebe S. Comorbidity of migraine and psychiatric disorders—a national population-based study. Headache. 2008;48(4):501–16.PubMedCrossRef Jette N, Patten S, Williams J, Becker W, Wiebe S. Comorbidity of migraine and psychiatric disorders—a national population-based study. Headache. 2008;48(4):501–16.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Emilien G, Maloteaux JM, Geurts M, Hoogenberg K, Cragg S. Dopamine receptors—physiological understanding to therapeutic intervention potential. Pharmacol Ther. 1999;84(2):133–56.PubMedCrossRef Emilien G, Maloteaux JM, Geurts M, Hoogenberg K, Cragg S. Dopamine receptors—physiological understanding to therapeutic intervention potential. Pharmacol Ther. 1999;84(2):133–56.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Riva D, Usilla A, Aggio F, Vago C, Treccani C, Bulgheroni S. Attention in children and adolescents with headache. Headache. 2012;52(3):374–84.PubMedCrossRef Riva D, Usilla A, Aggio F, Vago C, Treccani C, Bulgheroni S. Attention in children and adolescents with headache. Headache. 2012;52(3):374–84.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Villa TR, Correa Moutran AR, Sobirai Diaz LA, et al. Visual attention in children with migraine: a controlled comparative study. Cephalalgia. 2009;29:631–4.PubMedCrossRef Villa TR, Correa Moutran AR, Sobirai Diaz LA, et al. Visual attention in children with migraine: a controlled comparative study. Cephalalgia. 2009;29:631–4.PubMedCrossRef
30.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Hershey AD. Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of pediatric migraine. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:190–204.PubMedCrossRef Hershey AD. Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of pediatric migraine. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:190–204.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Berger M, Speckmann EJ, Pape HC, Gorji A. Spreading depression enhances human neocortical excitability in vitro. Cephalalgia. 2008;28:558–62.PubMedCrossRef Berger M, Speckmann EJ, Pape HC, Gorji A. Spreading depression enhances human neocortical excitability in vitro. Cephalalgia. 2008;28:558–62.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Parisi P, Striano P, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite DGA, et al. “Ictal epileptic headache”: recent concepts for new classifications criteria. Cephalalgia. 2012;32(9):723–4.PubMedCrossRef Parisi P, Striano P, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite DGA, et al. “Ictal epileptic headache”: recent concepts for new classifications criteria. Cephalalgia. 2012;32(9):723–4.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Parisi P, Striano P, Negro A, Martelletti P, Belcastro V. Ictal epileptic headache: an old story with courses and appeals. J Headache Pain. 2012;13(8):607–13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Parisi P, Striano P, Negro A, Martelletti P, Belcastro V. Ictal epileptic headache: an old story with courses and appeals. J Headache Pain. 2012;13(8):607–13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
36.••
Zurück zum Zitat Parisi P. The complex relationship between epilepsy and headache and the concept of ictal epileptic headache. In: Epilepsy towards the next decade. New trends and hopes in epileptology. Series: contemporary clinical neuroscience. Pasquale Striano Editor. 2015;6:139–62. Printed by Springer. This chapter is important because it highlights in deep the possible relationship between epilepsy and headache. Parisi P. The complex relationship between epilepsy and headache and the concept of ictal epileptic headache. In: Epilepsy towards the next decade. New trends and hopes in epileptology. Series: contemporary clinical neuroscience. Pasquale Striano Editor. 2015;6:139–62. Printed by Springer. This chapter is important because it highlights in deep the possible relationship between epilepsy and headache.
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Den Maagdenberg AM, Terwindt GM, Haan J, Frants RR, Ferrari MD. Genetics of headaches. Handb Clin Neurol. 2010;97:85–97. Van Den Maagdenberg AM, Terwindt GM, Haan J, Frants RR, Ferrari MD. Genetics of headaches. Handb Clin Neurol. 2010;97:85–97.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Uchitel OD, Inchauspe CG, Urbano FJ, Di Guilmi MN. Ca(V)2.1 voltage activated calcium channels and synaptic transmission in familial hemiplegic migraine pathogenesis. J Physiol Paris. 2012;106(1–2):12–22.PubMedCrossRef Uchitel OD, Inchauspe CG, Urbano FJ, Di Guilmi MN. Ca(V)2.1 voltage activated calcium channels and synaptic transmission in familial hemiplegic migraine pathogenesis. J Physiol Paris. 2012;106(1–2):12–22.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Jen JC, Wan J, Palos TP. Mutations in the glutamate transporter EAAT1 causes episodic ataxia, hemiplegia, and seizures. Neurology. 2005;65:529–34.PubMedCrossRef Jen JC, Wan J, Palos TP. Mutations in the glutamate transporter EAAT1 causes episodic ataxia, hemiplegia, and seizures. Neurology. 2005;65:529–34.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson MP, Griffiths LR. A genetic analysis of serotonergic biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes in migraine using a DNA pooling approach. J Hum Genet. 2005;50:607–10.PubMedCrossRef Johnson MP, Griffiths LR. A genetic analysis of serotonergic biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes in migraine using a DNA pooling approach. J Hum Genet. 2005;50:607–10.PubMedCrossRef
41.
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Pietrobon D. Biological science of headache channels. Handb Clin Neurol. 2010;97:73–83.PubMed Pietrobon D. Biological science of headache channels. Handb Clin Neurol. 2010;97:73–83.PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Curatolo P, Paloscia C, D’Agati E, Moavero R, Pasini A. The neurobiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2009;13(4):299–304.PubMedCrossRef Curatolo P, Paloscia C, D’Agati E, Moavero R, Pasini A. The neurobiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2009;13(4):299–304.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Bush G. Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and suggested future directions. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:1273–84.PubMedCrossRef Bush G. Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and suggested future directions. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:1273–84.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Konrad K, Eickhoff SB. Is the ADHD brain wired differently? A review on structural and functional connectivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp. 2010;31:904–16.PubMedCrossRef Konrad K, Eickhoff SB. Is the ADHD brain wired differently? A review on structural and functional connectivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp. 2010;31:904–16.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Faraone SV. Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:1313–23.PubMedCrossRef Faraone SV. Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:1313–23.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Carmona S, Vilarroya O, Bielsa A, et al. Global and regional gray matter reductions in ADHD: a voxel-based morphometric study. Neurosci Lett. 2005;389:88–93.PubMedCrossRef Carmona S, Vilarroya O, Bielsa A, et al. Global and regional gray matter reductions in ADHD: a voxel-based morphometric study. Neurosci Lett. 2005;389:88–93.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagel BJ. Altered white matter microstructure in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;50:283–92.CrossRef Nagel BJ. Altered white matter microstructure in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;50:283–92.CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Dramsdahl M. Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder—a diffusion-tensor imaging study of the corpus callosum. Psychiatry Res. 2012;201:168–73.PubMedCrossRef Dramsdahl M. Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder—a diffusion-tensor imaging study of the corpus callosum. Psychiatry Res. 2012;201:168–73.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Shang CY. Disturbed microstructural integrity of the frontostriatal fiber pathways and executive dysfunction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Med. 2013;43:1093–107.PubMedCrossRef Shang CY. Disturbed microstructural integrity of the frontostriatal fiber pathways and executive dysfunction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Med. 2013;43:1093–107.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Cocchi L. Altered functional brain connectivity in a non-clinical sample of young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Neurosci. 2012;32:17753–61.PubMedCrossRef Cocchi L. Altered functional brain connectivity in a non-clinical sample of young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Neurosci. 2012;32:17753–61.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat van Ewijk H. Diffusion tensor imaging in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012;36:1093–106.PubMedCrossRef van Ewijk H. Diffusion tensor imaging in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012;36:1093–106.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Cortese S, Faraone SV, Konofal E, Lecendreux M. Sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: metaanalysis of subjective and objective studies. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48:894e908. Cortese S, Faraone SV, Konofal E, Lecendreux M. Sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: metaanalysis of subjective and objective studies. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48:894e908.
55.•
Zurück zum Zitat Miano S, Parisi P, Villa MP. The sleep phenotypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the role of arousal during sleep and implications for treatment. Med Hypotheses. 2012;79(2):147–53. This article is important because it highlights the possible relationship between the sleep phenotypes and ADHD.PubMedCrossRef Miano S, Parisi P, Villa MP. The sleep phenotypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the role of arousal during sleep and implications for treatment. Med Hypotheses. 2012;79(2):147–53. This article is important because it highlights the possible relationship between the sleep phenotypes and ADHD.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Miano S. Introduction to the special section on sleep and ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2013;17(7):547–9.PubMedCrossRef Miano S. Introduction to the special section on sleep and ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2013;17(7):547–9.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruni O, Alonso-Alconada D, Besag F, Biran V, Braam W, Cortese S, Moavero R, Parisi P, Smits M, Van der Heijden K, Curatolo P. Current role of melatonin in pediatric neurology: clinical recommendations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2015;19(2):122–33. Bruni O, Alonso-Alconada D, Besag F, Biran V, Braam W, Cortese S, Moavero R, Parisi P, Smits M, Van der Heijden K, Curatolo P. Current role of melatonin in pediatric neurology: clinical recommendations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2015;19(2):122–33.
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Rains JC, Poceta SJ, Penzien DB. Sleep and headaches. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2008;8:167–75.PubMedCrossRef Rains JC, Poceta SJ, Penzien DB. Sleep and headaches. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2008;8:167–75.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Holland PR. Modulation of trigeminovascular processing: novel insights into primary headaches. Cephalalgia. 2009;29 Suppl 3:1–6.PubMed Holland PR. Modulation of trigeminovascular processing: novel insights into primary headaches. Cephalalgia. 2009;29 Suppl 3:1–6.PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Mascia A, Afra J, Schoenen J. Dopamine and migraine: a review of pharmaceutical, biochemical, neurophysiological and therapeutic data. Cephalalgia. 1998;18:174–82.PubMedCrossRef Mascia A, Afra J, Schoenen J. Dopamine and migraine: a review of pharmaceutical, biochemical, neurophysiological and therapeutic data. Cephalalgia. 1998;18:174–82.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Vgontzas AN, Chrousos GP. Sleep, the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, and cytokines: multiple interactions and disturbances in sleep disorders. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 2002;31:15–36.CrossRef Vgontzas AN, Chrousos GP. Sleep, the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, and cytokines: multiple interactions and disturbances in sleep disorders. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 2002;31:15–36.CrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Straube A, Förderreuther S. Sleeping behaviour and headache attacks in cases of primary headache. Possible pathological mechanisms. Schmerz. 2004;18:300–5.PubMed Straube A, Förderreuther S. Sleeping behaviour and headache attacks in cases of primary headache. Possible pathological mechanisms. Schmerz. 2004;18:300–5.PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Liston C, Malter Cohen M, Teslovich T, Levenson D, Casey BJ. Atypical prefrontal connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: pathway to disease or pathological end point? Biol Psychiatry. 2011;69:1168–77.PubMedCrossRef Liston C, Malter Cohen M, Teslovich T, Levenson D, Casey BJ. Atypical prefrontal connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: pathway to disease or pathological end point? Biol Psychiatry. 2011;69:1168–77.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat England SJ, Picchietti DL, Couvadelli BV, et al. L-Dopa improves restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements in sleep but not attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder in a double-blind trial in children. Sleep Med. 2011;12(5):471–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef England SJ, Picchietti DL, Couvadelli BV, et al. L-Dopa improves restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements in sleep but not attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder in a double-blind trial in children. Sleep Med. 2011;12(5):471–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
65.
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Mick E, Faraone SV. Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2008;17:261–8.PubMedCrossRef Mick E, Faraone SV. Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2008;17:261–8.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Youdim MB, Ben-Shachar D, Yehuda S. Putative biological mechanisms of the effect of iron deficiency on brain biochemistry and behavior. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:607–15.PubMed Youdim MB, Ben-Shachar D, Yehuda S. Putative biological mechanisms of the effect of iron deficiency on brain biochemistry and behavior. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:607–15.PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Biederman J, Faraone SV. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet. 2005;366:237–48.PubMedCrossRef Biederman J, Faraone SV. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet. 2005;366:237–48.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Cortese S, Azoulay R, Castellanos FX, et al. Brain iron levels in attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder: a pilot MRI study. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2012;13:223–31.PubMedCrossRef Cortese S, Azoulay R, Castellanos FX, et al. Brain iron levels in attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder: a pilot MRI study. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2012;13:223–31.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Halliwell B. Role of free radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic implications for antioxidant treatment. Drugs Aging. 2001;18:685–716.PubMedCrossRef Halliwell B. Role of free radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic implications for antioxidant treatment. Drugs Aging. 2001;18:685–716.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson KJ, Shoham S, Connor JR. Iron and neurodegenerative disorders. Brain Res Bull. 2001;55:155–64.PubMedCrossRef Thompson KJ, Shoham S, Connor JR. Iron and neurodegenerative disorders. Brain Res Bull. 2001;55:155–64.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Welch KMA, Nagesh V, Aurora SK, Gelman N. Periaqueductal gray matter dysfunction in migraine: cause or the burden of illness? Headache. 2001;41:629–37.PubMedCrossRef Welch KMA, Nagesh V, Aurora SK, Gelman N. Periaqueductal gray matter dysfunction in migraine: cause or the burden of illness? Headache. 2001;41:629–37.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Welch KM. Iron in the migraine brain; a resilient hypothesis. Cephalalgia. 2009;29(3):283–5.PubMedCrossRef Welch KM. Iron in the migraine brain; a resilient hypothesis. Cephalalgia. 2009;29(3):283–5.PubMedCrossRef
75.••
Zurück zum Zitat Miano S, Donfrancesco R, Parisi P. Case reports of sleep phenotypes of ADHD: from hypothesis to clinical practice. J Atten Disord. 2013;17(7):565–73. This article is very important because it highlights in deep the possible relationship between the sleep phenotypes and ADHD in clinical practice.PubMedCrossRef Miano S, Donfrancesco R, Parisi P. Case reports of sleep phenotypes of ADHD: from hypothesis to clinical practice. J Atten Disord. 2013;17(7):565–73. This article is very important because it highlights in deep the possible relationship between the sleep phenotypes and ADHD in clinical practice.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Cortese S, Lecendreux M, Bernardina BD, Mouren MC, Sbarbati A, Konofal E. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, and restless legs syndrome: the iron hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 2008;70:1128–32.PubMedCrossRef Cortese S, Lecendreux M, Bernardina BD, Mouren MC, Sbarbati A, Konofal E. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, and restless legs syndrome: the iron hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 2008;70:1128–32.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Headache and ADHD in Pediatric Age: Possible Physiopathological Links
verfasst von
Maria Chiara Paolino
Alessandro Ferretti
Maria Pia Villa
Pasquale Parisi
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Pain and Headache Reports / Ausgabe 7/2015
Print ISSN: 1531-3433
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-3081
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-015-0494-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2015

Current Pain and Headache Reports 7/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Concussion and Head Injury (S Lucas, Section Editor)

Update on the Epidemiology of Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Secondary Headache (M Robbins, Section Editor)

Myofascial Head Pain

Episodic Migraine (R Cowan, Section Editor)

What the Gut Can Teach Us About Migraine

Psychological and Behavioral Aspects of Headache and Pain (D Buse, Section Editor)

Well-Established and Empirically Supported Behavioral Treatments for Migraine

Imaging (L Mecthler, Section Editor)

Neuroimaging in Secondary Headache Disorders

Anesthetic Techniques in Pain Management (D Wang, Section Editor)

Supratrochlear and Supraorbital Nerve Stimulation for Chronic Headache: a Review

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.