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Current Pain and Headache Reports
Erschienen in: Current Pain and Headache Reports 6/2017

01.06.2017 | Neuropathic Pain (E Eisenberg, Section Editor)

Neuropathic Pain: Central vs. Peripheral Mechanisms

verfasst von: Kathleen Meacham, Andrew Shepherd, Durga P. Mohapatra, Simon Haroutounian

Erschienen in: Current Pain and Headache Reports | Ausgabe 6/2017

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Our goal is to examine the processes—both central and peripheral—that underlie the development of peripherally-induced neuropathic pain (pNP) and to highlight recent evidence for mechanisms contributing to its maintenance. While many pNP conditions are initiated by damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS), their persistence appears to rely on maladaptive processes within the central nervous system (CNS). The potential existence of an autonomous pain-generating mechanism in the CNS creates significant implications for the development of new neuropathic pain treatments; thus, work towards its resolution is crucial. Here, we seek to identify evidence for PNS and CNS independently generating neuropathic pain signals.

Recent Findings

Recent preclinical studies in pNP support and provide key details concerning the role of multiple mechanisms leading to fiber hyperexcitability and sustained electrical discharge to the CNS. In studies regarding central mechanisms, new preclinical evidence includes the mapping of novel inhibitory circuitry and identification of the molecular basis of microglia-neuron crosstalk. Recent clinical evidence demonstrates the essential role of peripheral mechanisms, mostly via studies that block the initially damaged peripheral circuitry. Clinical central mechanism studies use imaging to identify potentially self-sustaining infra-slow CNS oscillatory activity that may be unique to pNP patients.

Summary

While new preclinical evidence supports and expands upon the key role of central mechanisms in neuropathic pain, clinical evidence for an autonomous central mechanism remains relatively limited. Recent findings from both preclinical and clinical studies recapitulate the critical contribution of peripheral input to maintenance of neuropathic pain. Further clinical investigations on the possibility of standalone central contributions to pNP may be assisted by a reconsideration of the agreed terms or criteria for diagnosing the presence of central sensitization in humans.
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Metadaten
Titel
Neuropathic Pain: Central vs. Peripheral Mechanisms
verfasst von
Kathleen Meacham
Andrew Shepherd
Durga P. Mohapatra
Simon Haroutounian
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Pain and Headache Reports / Ausgabe 6/2017
Print ISSN: 1531-3433
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-3081
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-017-0629-5

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