nach oben

Current Sexual Health Reports

Erschienen in:

01.09.2014 | MALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AND DISORDERS (M KHERA AND SE ALTHOF, SECTION EDITORS)

Current Diagnosis and Management of Erectile Dysfunction

verfasst von: Alexander W. Pastuszak

Erschienen in: Current Sexual Health Reports | Ausgabe 3/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects a growing number of men in the USA and abroad, with significant impacts on sexual function and overall quality of life. The risk factors for ED are numerous and include a strong link to cardiovascular disease, such that men with ED should be screened for cardiovascular disease. The evaluation of men presenting with ED includes a comprehensive history and physical exam to aid in the identification of comorbidities as well as laboratory testing to evaluate hormone and lipid levels and sugar metabolism. Adjunct studies are also available, though their utility is often limited to specific subtypes of ED. Once the etiology of ED is established, treatment can be initiated using appropriate medical therapies, including phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, and transurethral or intracavernosal therapies, with surgical intervention via revascularization or penile prosthesis placement in men demonstrating a lack of response to medical therapy. In all cases of ED, a psychogenic component is present and referral for psychological intervention with or without medical therapy should be considered.

Hyde Z, Flicker L, Hankey GJ, Almeida OP, McCaul KA, Chubb SA, et al. Prevalence of sexual activity and associated factors in men aged 75 to 95 years: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(11):693–702.PubMed

Braun M, Wassmer G, Klotz T, Reifenrath B, Mathers M, Engelmann U. Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction: results of the ‘Cologne Male Survey’. Int J Impot Res. 2000;12(6):305–11.PubMed

Lindau ST, Schumm LP, Laumann EO, Levinson W, O’Muircheartaigh CA, Waite LJ. A study of sexuality and health among older adults in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(8):762–74.PubMedCentralPubMed

Beckman N, Waern M, Ostling S, Sundh V, Skoog I. Determinants of Sexual Activity in Four Birth Cohorts of Swedish 70-year-olds Examined 1971–2001. J Sex Med. 2014;11:401–10.PubMed

Perelman MA. Sex coaching for physicians: combination treatment for patient and partner. Int J Impot Res. 2003;15 Suppl 5:S67–74.PubMed

Mykletun A, Dahl AA, O’Leary MP, Fossa SD. Assessment of male sexual function by the Brief Sexual Function Inventory. BJU Int. 2006;97(2):316–23.PubMed

O’Leary MP, Rhodes T, Girman CJ, Jacobson DJ, Roberts RO, Lieber MM, et al. Distribution of the Brief Male Sexual Inventory in community men. Int J Impot Res. 2003;15(3):185–91.PubMed

Panser LA, Rhodes T, Girman CJ, Guess HA, Chute CG, Oesterling JE, et al. Sexual function of men ages 40 to 79 years: the Olmsted County study of urinary symptoms and health status among men. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43(10):1107–11.PubMed

Muller MJ, Ruof J, Graf-Morgenstern M, Porst H, Benkert O. Quality of partnership in patients with erectile dysfunction after sildenafil treatment. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2001;34(3):91–5.PubMed

10.

Litwin MS, Nied RJ, Dhanani N. Health-related quality of life in men with erectile dysfunction. J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13(3):159–66.PubMedCentralPubMed

11.

Shabsigh R, Klein LT, Seidman S, Kaplan SA, Lehrhoff BJ, Ritter JS. Increased incidence of depressive symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1998;52(5):848–52.PubMed

12.

Fisher WA, Rosen RC, Eardley I, Sand M, Goldstein I. Sexual experience of female partners of men with erectile dysfunction: the female experience of men’s attitudes to life events and sexuality (FEMALES) study. J Sex Med. 2005;2(5):675–84.PubMed

13.

Oberg K, Sjogren Fugl-Meyer K. On Swedish women’s distressing sexual dysfunctions: some concomitant conditions and life satisfaction. J Sex Med. 2005;2(2):169–80.PubMed

14.

Tsertsvadze A, Yazdi F, Fink HA, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction, Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2009. vol. 171.

15.

Shabsigh R, Kaufman JM, Steidle C, Padma-Nathan H. Randomized study of testosterone gel as adjunctive therapy to sildenafil in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction who do not respond to sildenafil alone. J Urol. 2004;172(2):658–63.PubMed

16.

Lin CS, Lin G, Lue TF. Cyclic nucleotide signaling in cavernous smooth muscle. J Sex Med. 2005;2(4):478–91.PubMed

17.

Lue TF. Erectile dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(24):1802–13.PubMed

18.

Jin L, Burnett AL. RhoA/Rho-kinase in erectile tissue: mechanisms of disease and therapeutic insights. Clin Sci. 2006;110(2):153–65.PubMed

19.

No Authors. NIH Consensus Conference. Impotence. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Impotence. JAMA. 1993; 270(1):83–90.

20.

Selvin E, Burnett AL, Platz EA. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in the US. Am J Med. 2007;120(2):151–7.PubMed

21.

Guo W, Liao C, Zou Y, Li F, Li T, Zhou Q, et al. Erectile dysfunction and risk of clinical cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of seven cohort studies. J Sex Med. 2010;7(8):2805–16.PubMed

22.

Thompson IM, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Probstfield JL, Moinpour CM, Coltman CA. Erectile dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2005;294(23):2996–3002.PubMed

23.

Jackson G, Boon N, Eardley I, Kirby M, Dean J, Hackett G, et al. Erectile dysfunction and coronary artery disease prediction: evidence-based guidance and consensus. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64(7):848–57.PubMed

24.

Montorsi P, Ravagnani PM, Galli S, Rotatori F, Veglia F, Briganti A, et al. Association between erectile dysfunction and coronary artery disease. Role of coronary clinical presentation and extent of coronary vessels involvement: the COBRA trial. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(22):2632–9.PubMed

25.

Polonsky TS, Taillon LA, Sheth H, Min JK, Archer SL, Ward RP. The association between erectile dysfunction and peripheral arterial disease as determined by screening ankle-brachial index testing. Atherosclerosis. 2009;207(2):440–4.PubMed

26.

Ponholzer A, Temml C, Obermayr R, Wehrberger C, Madersbacher S. Is erectile dysfunction an indicator for increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke? Eur Urol. 2005;48(3):512–8. Discussion 517–518.PubMed

27.

Blanker MH, Bohnen AM, Groeneveld FP, Bernsen RM, Prins A, Thomas S, et al. Correlates for erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction in older Dutch men: a community-based study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49(4):436–42.PubMed

28.

Bacon CG, Mittleman MA, Kawachi I, Giovannucci E, Glasser DB, Rimm EB. Sexual function in men older than 50 years of age: results from the health professionals follow-up study. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(3):161–8.PubMed

29.

Feldman HA, Johannes CB, Derby CA, Kleinman KP, Mohr BA, Araujo AB, et al. Erectile dysfunction and coronary risk factors: prospective results from the Massachusetts male aging study. Prev Med. 2000;30(4):328–38.PubMed

30.

Esposito K, Giugliano D. Obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and sexual dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2005;17(5):391–8.PubMed

31.

Esposito K, Giugliano F, Di Palo C, Giugliano G, Marfella R, D’Andrea F, et al. Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in obese men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(24):2978–84.PubMed

32.

33.

Chughtai B, Lee RK, Te AE, Kaplan SA. Metabolic syndrome and sexual dysfunction. Curr Opin Urol. 2011;21(6):514–8.PubMed

34.

Gore J, Rajfer J. The role of serum testosterone testing: routine hormone analysis is an essential part of the initial screening of men with erectile dysfunction. Rev Urol. 2004;6(4):207–10.PubMedCentralPubMed

35.

Shabsigh R. Testosterone therapy in erectile dysfunction and hypogonadism. J Sex Med. 2005;2(6):785–92.PubMed

36.

Blute M, Hakimian P, Kashanian J, Shteynshluyger A, Lee M, Shabsigh R. Erectile dysfunction and testosterone deficiency. Front Horm Res. 2009;37:108–22.PubMed

37.

Buvat J, Maggi M, Gooren L, Guay AT, Kaufman J, Morgentaler A, et al. Endocrine aspects of male sexual dysfunctions. J Sex Med. 2010;7(4 Pt 2):1627–56.PubMed

38.

Shabsigh R, Rajfer J, Aversa A, Traish AM, Yassin A, Kalinchenko SY, et al. The evolving role of testosterone in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Int J Clin Pract. 2006;60(9):1087–92.PubMed

39.

Glina S, Glina FP. Pathogenic mechanisms linking benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction. Ther Adv Urol. 2013;5(4):211–8.PubMedCentralPubMed

40.

Nicolosi A, Moreira Jr ED, Shirai M, Bin Mohd Tambi MI, Glasser DB. Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction in four countries: cross-national study of the prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction. Urology. 2003;61(1):201–6.PubMed

41.

Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors. JAMA. 1999;281(6):537–44.PubMed

42.

Chang S, Hypolite JA, Zderic SA, Wein AJ, Chacko S, Disanto ME. Increased corpus cavernosum smooth muscle tone associated with partial bladder outlet obstruction is mediated via Rho-kinase. Am J Physiol Regul, Integr Comp Physiol. 2005;289(4):R1124–30.

43.

Kobayashi K, Kato R, Hisasue S, Yamashita S, Tanaka T, Masumori N, et al. Animal model for the study of the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms/bladder outlet obstruction and erectile dysfunction. Int J Urol. 2011;18(10):710–5.PubMed

44.

Tinel H, Stelte-Ludwig B, Hutter J, Sandner P. Pre-clinical evidence for the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms. BJU Int. 2006;98(6):1259–63.PubMed

45.•

Gacci M, Corona G, Salvi M, Vignozzi L, McVary KT, Kaplan SA, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors alone or in combination with alpha-blockers for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol. 2012;61(5):994–1003. Significant due to its overall review of the literature evaluating PDE5i use in combination with alpha blockers for BPH/LUTS supporting the conclusion that PDE5i therapy can significantly improve LUTS and erectile function in men with BPH.PubMed

46.

Ozturk MI, Koca O, Sertkaya Z, Keles MO, Kaya C, Karaman MI. Acute effects of sildenafil on uroflowmetric parameters in erectile dysfunction patients with and without lower urinary tract symptoms. J Androl. 2012;33(6):1165–8.PubMed

47.

Araujo AB, Durante R, Feldman HA, Goldstein I, McKinlay JB. The relationship between depressive symptoms and male erectile dysfunction: cross-sectional results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Psychosom Med. 1998;60(4):458–65.PubMed

48.•

Laumann EO, Kang JH, Glasser DB, Rosen RC, Carson CC. Lower urinary tract symptoms are associated with depressive symptoms in white, black and Hispanic men in the United States. J Urol. 2008;180(1):233–40. An important study linking lower urinary tract symptoms, including erectile dysfunction, to depression, with differentiation by race.PubMed

49.

Perelman MA. Erectile dysfunction and depression: screening and treatment. Urol Clin N Am. 2011;38(2):125–39.

50.

Boyarsky RE, Boyarsky S. Urological and behavioral approach to the treatment of secondary impotence. J Urol. 1978;119(2):229–30.PubMed

51.

Althof SE, Wieder M. Psychotherapy for erectile dysfunction: now more relevant than ever. Endocrine. 2004;23(2–3):131–4.PubMed

52.

Morse WI, Morse JM. Erectile impotence precipitated by organic factors and perpetuated by performance anxiety. Can Med Assoc J. 1982;127(7):599–601.PubMedCentralPubMed

53.

Rosen RC. Psychogenic erectile dysfunction. Classification and management. Urol Clin N Am. 2001;28(2):269–78.

54.•

Althof SE, Rosen RC, Perelman MA, Rubio-Aurioles E. Standard operating procedures for taking a sexual history. J Sex Med. 2013;10(1):26–35. An excellent primer on obtaining a sexual history.PubMed

55.•

McCabe MP, Althof SE. A systematic review of the psychosocial outcomes associated with erectile dysfunction: does the impact of erectile dysfunction extend beyond a man’s inability to have sex? The Journal of Sexual Medicine 2013. Significant work demonstrating the impact of ED beyond the ability of a man to have sex and extending this impact to overall quality of life.

56.

Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Smith MD, Lipsky J, Pena BM. Development and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 1999;11(6):319–26.PubMed

57.

Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, Osterloh IH, Kirkpatrick J, Mishra A. The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1997;49(6):822–30.PubMed

58.

Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Gendrano 3rd N. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a state-of-the-science review. Int J Impot Res. 2002;14(4):226–44.PubMed

59.

Cappelleri JC, Rosen RC. The Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM): a 5-year review of research and clinical experience. Int J Impot Res. 2005;17(4):307–19.PubMed

60.

Perelman MA. The impact of relationship variables on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction. Adv Primary Care Med: Clin Updat. 2007;3:3–6.

61.

Morley JE, Charlton E, Patrick P, Kaiser FE, Cadeau P, McCready D, et al. Validation of a screening questionnaire for androgen deficiency in aging males. Metab Clin Exp. 2000;49(9):1239–42.PubMed

62.

Mohamed O, Freundlich RE, Dakik HK, Grober ED, Najari B, Lipshultz LI, et al. The quantitative ADAM questionnaire: a new tool in quantifying the severity of hypogonadism. Int J Impot Res. 2010;22(1):20–4.PubMedCentralPubMed

63.

Pastuszak AW, Badhiwala N, Lipshultz LI, Khera M. Depression is correlated with the psychological and physical aspects of sexual dysfunction in men. Int J Impot Res. 2013;25(5):194–9.PubMed

64.

Hatzichristou D, Hatzimouratidis K, Bekas M, Apostolidis A, Tzortzis V, Yannakoyorgos K. Diagnostic steps in the evaluation of patients with erectile dysfunction. J Urol. 2002;168(2):615–20.PubMed

65.

Seftel AD, Sun P, Swindle R. The prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and depression in men with erectile dysfunction. J Urol. 2004;171(6 Pt 1):2341–5.PubMed

66.

Ghanem HM, Salonia A, Martin-Morales A. SOP: physical examination and laboratory testing for men with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2013;10(1):108–10.PubMed

67.

Hatzichristou D, Rosen RC, Derogatis LR, Low WY, Meuleman EJ, Sadovsky R, et al. Recommendations for the clinical evaluation of men and women with sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2010;7(1 Pt 2):337–48.PubMed

68.

Kalinchenko SY, Tishova YA, Mskhalaya GJ, Gooren LJ, Giltay EJ, Saad F. Effects of testosterone supplementation on markers of the metabolic syndrome and inflammation in hypogonadal men with the metabolic syndrome: the double-blinded placebo-controlled Moscow study. Clin Endocrinol. 2010;73(5):602–12.

69.

Althof SE, Turner LA, Levine SB, Risen C, Kursh ED, Bodner D, et al. Intracavernosal injection in the treatment of impotence: a prospective study of sexual, psychological, and marital functioning. J Sex Marital Ther. 1987;13(3):155–67.PubMed

70.

Turner LA, Althof SE, Levine SB, Tobias TR, Kursh ED, Bodner D, et al. Treating erectile dysfunction with external vacuum devices: impact upon sexual, psychological and marital functioning. J Urol. 1990;144(1):79–82.PubMed

71.

Nappi RE, Kingsberg S, Maamari R, Simon J. The CLOSER (CLarifying Vaginal Atrophy’s Impact On SEx and Relationships) survey: implications of vaginal discomfort in postmenopausal women and in male partners. J Sex Med. 2013;10(9):2232–41.PubMed

72.

Dogan S, Dogan M. The frequency of sexual dysfunctions in male partners of women with vaginismus in a Turkish sample. Int J Impot Res. 2008;20(2):218–21.PubMed

73.

Roumeguere T, Wespes E, Carpentier Y, Hoffmann P, Schulman CC. Erectile dysfunction is associated with a high prevalence of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease risk. Eur Urol. 2003;44(3):355–9.PubMed

74.

Weinberg AE, Eisenberg M, Patel CJ, Chertow GM, Leppert JT. Diabetes severity, metabolic syndrome, and the risk of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2013;10:3102–9.PubMed

75.

Buvat J. Hyperprolactinemia and sexual function in men: a short review. Int J Impot Res. 2003;15(5):373–7.PubMed

76.

Donnelly P, White C. Testicular dysfunction in men with primary hypothyroidism; reversal of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with replacement thyroxine. Clin Endocrinol. 2000;52(2):197–201.

77.

Kumar A, Chaturvedi PK, Mohanty BP. Hypoandrogenaemia is associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in men. Int J Androl. 2007;30(1):14–20.PubMed

78.

Donatucci CF, Lue TF. The combined intracavernous injection and stimulation test: diagnostic accuracy. J Urol. 1992;148(1):61–2.PubMed

79.

Broderick GA, Arger P. Duplex Doppler ultrasonography: noninvasive assessment of penile anatomy and function. Semin Roentgenol. 1993;28(1):43–56.PubMed

80.

Lewis RW, King BF. Dynamic color Doppler sonography in the evaluation of penile erectile disorders. Int J Impot Res. 1994;6:A30. Abstract.

81.

Naroda T, Yamanaka M, Matsushita K, et al. Evaluation of resistive index of the cavernous artery with color Doppler ultrasonography for venogenic impotence. Int J Impot Res. 1994;6:D62.

82.

Rudnick J, Bodecker R, Weidner W. Significance of the intracavernosal pharmacological injection test, pharmacocavernosography, artificial erection and cavernosometry in the diagnosis of venous leakage. Urol Int. 1991;46(4):338–43.PubMed

83.

Cilurzo P, Canale D, Turchi P, Giorgi PM, Menchini Fabris GF. The Rigiscan system in the diagnosis of male sexual impotence. Archivio italiano di urologia, nefrologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale dell’Associazione per la ricerca in urologia = Urol, Nephrological, and Andrological Sci. 1992;64(2):81–5.

84.

Perelman MA. The history of sexual medicine. In: Diamond L, Tolman D, editors. APA handbook of sexuality and psychology. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association; 2014.

85.

Perelman MA. The sexual tipping point: a mind/body model for sexual medicine. J Sex Med. 2009;6(3):629–32.PubMed

86.

Melnik T, Soares BG, Nasselo AG. Psychosocial interventions for erectile dysfunction. Cochrane Database System Rev 2007;(3): CD004825.

87.••

Nehra A, Jackson G, Miner M, Billups KL, Burnett AL, Buvat J, et al. The Princeton III Consensus recommendations for the management of erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Mayo Clin Proc Mayo Clin. 2012;87(8):766–78. A critically important work evaluating the link between sexual function and cardiovascular risk in men and recommending cardiovascular evaluation in men with ED. This work supports the link between ED and general health, and the impact that both specialty and general physicians can have on the overall health of their patients.

88.

Gupta BP, Murad MH, Clifton MM, Prokop L, Nehra A, Kopecky SL. The effect of lifestyle modification and cardiovascular risk factor reduction on erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Int Med. 2011;17(20):1797–803. A very important work synthesizing the data on lifestyle modification and its impact on ED and demonstrating that lifestyle modification, even in the absence of medical therapy, can significantly improve ED and further linking ED to CAD and its associated risk factors.

89.

Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review. JAMA. 2003;290(1):86–97.PubMed

90.

Bassuk SS, Manson JE. Epidemiological evidence for the role of physical activity in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. J Appl Physiol. 2005;99(3):1193–204.PubMed

91.

Mozaffarian D, Wilson PW, Kannel WB. Beyond established and novel risk factors: lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2008;117(23):3031–8.PubMed

92.

Jain P, Rademaker AW, McVary KT. Testosterone supplementation for erectile dysfunction: results of a meta-analysis. J Urol. 2000;164(2):371–5.PubMed

93.•

Isidori AM, Buvat J, Corona G, Goldstein I, Jannini EA, Lenzi A, et al. A critical analysis of the role of testosterone in erectile function: from pathophysiology to treatment—a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2014;65(1):99–112. This work evaluated the impact of testosterone on erectile function using the existing literature, strongly supporting the biochemical and clinical roles of testosterone in hypogonadal men with ED and developing a pathophysiology-based treatment algorithm for hypogonadal men with ED.PubMed

94.

Wang C, Swerdloff RS, Iranmanesh A, Dobs A, Snyder PJ, Cunningham G, et al. Transdermal testosterone gel improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength, and body composition parameters in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(8):2839–53.PubMed

95.

Porst H, Burnett A, Brock G, Ghanem H, Giuliano F, Glina S, et al. SOP conservative (medical and mechanical) treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2013;10(1):130–71.PubMed

96.

Tsertsvadze A, Fink HA, Yazdi F, MacDonald R, Bella AJ, Ansari MT, et al. Oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and hormonal treatments for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(9):650–61.PubMed

97.

Buvat J, Lemaire A, Buvat-Herbaut M. Human chorionic gonadotropin treatment of nonorganic erectile failure and lack of sexual desire: a double-blind study. Urology. 1987;30(3):216–9.PubMed

98.

Guay AT, Bansal S, Heatley GJ. Effect of raising endogenous testosterone levels in impotent men with secondary hypogonadism: double blind placebo-controlled trial with clomiphene citrate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80(12):3546–52.PubMed

99.

Hatzimouratidis K, Amar E, Eardley I, Giuliano F, Hatzichristou D, Montorsi F, et al. Guidelines on male sexual dysfunction: erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Eur Urol. 2010;57(5):804–14.PubMed

100.

Dunn ME, Althof SE, Perelman MA. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors’ extended duration of response as a variable in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2007;19(2):119–23.PubMed

101.

Wespes E, Amar E, Hatzichristou D, Hatzimouratidis K, Montorsi F, Pryor J, et al. EAU guidelines on erectile dysfunction: an update. Eur Urol. 2006;49(5):806–15.PubMed

102.

Goldstein I, McCullough AR, Jones LA, Hellstrom WJ, Bowden CH, Didonato K, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety and efficacy of avanafil in subjects with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2012;9(4):1122–33.PubMed

103.

Glina S, Fonseca GN, Bertero EB, Damiao R, Rocha LC, Jardim CR, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of lodenafil carbonate for oral therapy of erectile dysfunction: a phase III clinical trial. J Sex Med. 2010;7(5):1928–36.PubMed

104.

Paick JS, Ahn TY, Choi HK, Chung WS, Kim JJ, Kim SC, et al. Efficacy and safety of mirodenafil, a new oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, for treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2008;5(11):2672–80.PubMed

105.

Kim BH, Lim HS, Chung JY, Kim JR, Lim KS, Sohn DR, et al. Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of udenafil, a novel PDE-5 inhibitor, in healthy young Korean subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;65(6):848–54.PubMedCentralPubMed

106.

Wylie K. Erectile dysfunction. Adv Psychosom Med. 2008;29:33–49.PubMed

107.

Porst H, Adaikan G. Self-injection, transurethral and topical therapy in erectile dysfunction. In: Porst H, Buvat J, editors. Standard practice in sexual medicine. Malden: Blackwell Publishing; 2006. p. 94–108.

108.

Mydlo JH, Volpe MA, Macchia RJ. Initial results utilizing combination therapy for patients with a suboptimal response to either alprostadil or sildenafil monotherapy. Eur Urol. 2000;38(1):30–4.PubMed

109.

Porst H, Buvat J, Meuleman E, Michal V, Wagner G. Intracavernous alprostadil alfadex—an effective and well tolerated treatment for erectile dysfunction. Results a long-term European study. Int J Impot Res. 1998;10(4):225–31.PubMed

110.

Alexandre B, Lemaire A, Desvaux P, Amar E. Intracavernous injections of prostaglandin E1 for erectile dysfunction: patient satisfaction and quality of sex life on long-term treatment. J Sex Med. 2007;4(2):426–31.PubMed

111.

Rastrelli G, Corona G, Monami M, Melani C, Balzi D, Sforza A, et al. Poor response to alprostadil ICI test is associated with arteriogenic erectile dysfunction and higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. J Sex Med. 2011;8(12):3433–45.PubMed

112.

Porst H. The rationale for prostaglandin E1 in erectile failure: a survey of worldwide experience. J Urol. 1996;155(3):802–15.PubMed

113.

Thon WF, Hartmann U. [Effectiveness and safety of cavernous body auto-injection therapy with papaverine/phentolamine. Study group]. Der Urologe Ausg A. 1993;32(6):466–9.PubMed

114.

Kulaksizoglu H, Hakim LS, Nehra A, Goldstein I. Comparison of alprostadil sterile powder (Caverject®) with trimix. Nomogram and patient satisfaction. J Urol. 1997;157 Suppl 4:180.

115.

Seyam R, Mohamed K, Akhras AA, Rashwan H. A prospective randomized study to optimize the dosage of trimix ingredients and compare its efficacy and safety with prostaglandin E1. Int J Impot Res. 2005;17(4):346–53.PubMed

116.

Sandhu D, Curless E, Dean J, Hackett G, Liu S, Savage D, et al. A double blind, placebo controlled study of intracavernosal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and phenotolamine mesylate in a novel auto-injector for the treatment of non-psychogenic erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 1999;11(2):91–7.PubMed

117.

McMahon CG, Samali R, Johnson H. Treatment of intracorporeal injection nonresponse with sildenafil alone or in combination with triple agent intracorporeal injection therapy. J Urol. 1999;162(6):1992–7. Discussion 1997–1998.PubMed

118.

Kho HG, Sweep CG, Chen X, Rabsztyn PR, Meuleman EJ. The use of acupuncture in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 1999;11(1):41–6.PubMed

119.

Lee MS, Shin BC, Ernst E. Acupuncture for treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. BJU Int. 2009;104(3):366–70.PubMed

120.

Engelhardt PF, Daha LK, Zils T, Simak R, Konig K, Pfluger H. Acupuncture in the treatment of psychogenic erectile dysfunction: first results of a prospective randomized placebo-controlled study. Int J Impot Res. 2003;15(5):343–6.PubMed

121.

Ernst E, Pittler MH. Yohimbine for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Urol. 1998;159(2):433–6.PubMed

122.

Montague DK, Jarow JP, Broderick GA, Dmochowski RR, Heaton JP, Lue TF, et al. Chapter 1: The management of erectile dysfunction: an AUA update. J Urol. 2005;174(1):230–9.PubMed

123.

Ledda A, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Schonlau F. Investigation of a complex plant extract for mild to moderate erectile dysfunction in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. BJU Int. 2010;106(7):1030–3.PubMed

124.

Jang DJ, Lee MS, Shin BC, Lee YC, Ernst E. Red ginseng for treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;66(4):444–50.PubMedCentralPubMed

125.

Meuleman EJ. Experiences with a vacuum apparatus in the treatment of erection disorders. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 1993;137(8):412–6.PubMed

126.

Brison D, Seftel A, Sadeghi-Nejad H. The resurgence of the vacuum erection device (VED) for treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2013;10(4):1124–35.PubMed

127.

Pahlajani G, Raina R, Jones S, Ali M, Zippe C. Vacuum erection devices revisited: its emerging role in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and early penile rehabilitation following prostate cancer therapy. J Sex Med. 2012;9(4):1182–9.PubMed

128.

Bettocchi C, Palumbo F, Spilotros M, Lucarelli G, Palazzo S, Battaglia M, et al. Patient and partner satisfaction after AMS inflatable penile prosthesis implant. J S Med. 2010;7(1 Pt 1):304–9.

129.

Wilson SK, Zumbe J, Henry GD, Salem EA, Delk JR, Cleves MA. Infection reduction using antibiotic-coated inflatable penile prosthesis. Urology. 2007;70(2):337–40.PubMed

130.

Sohn M, Hatzinger M, Goldstein I, Krishnamurti S. Standard operating procedures for vascular surgery in erectile dysfunction: revascularization and venous procedures. J Sex Med. 2013;10(1):172–9.PubMed

131.

Sohn M, Martin-Morales A. Surgical treatment of erectile dysfunction. In: Porst JB, Buvat J, editors. Standard practice in sexual medicine. Hoboken: Wiley; 2006. p. 126–48.

132.

Brioni JD, Nakane M, Hsieh GC, Moreland RB, Kolasa T, Sullivan JP. Activators of soluble guanylate cyclase for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2002;14(1):8–14.PubMed

133.

Venkateswarlu K, Giraldi A, Zhao W, Wang HZ, Melman A, Spektor M, et al. Potassium channels and human corporeal smooth muscle cell tone: diabetes and relaxation of human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle by adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channel openers. J Urol. 2002;168(1):355–61.PubMed

134.

Martin WJ, McGowan E, Cashen DE, Gantert LT, Drisko JE, Hom GJ, et al. Activation of melanocortin MC(4) receptors increases erectile activity in rats ex copula. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;454(1):71–9.PubMed

135.

Chitaley K, Wingard CJ, Clinton Webb R, Branam H, Stopper VS, Lewis RW, et al. Antagonism of Rho-kinase stimulates rat penile erection via a nitric oxide-independent pathway. Nat Med. 2001;7(1):119–22.PubMed

136.

Babaev A, Jhaveri RR. Angiography and endovascular revascularization of pudendal artery atherosclerotic disease in patients with medically refractory erectile dysfunction. J Invasive Card. 2012;24(5):236–40.

137.

Melman A, Bar-Chama N, McCullough A, Davies K, Christ G. hMaxi-K gene transfer in males with erectile dysfunction: results of the first human trial. Hum Gene Ther. 2006;17(12):1165–76.PubMed

138.••

Perelman MA. Psychosocial evaluation and combination treatment of men with erectile dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am. 2005;32(4):431–445, vi. An excellent article highlighting just how multifactorial sexual dysfunction is and the necessity for multimodal therapy.PubMed

139.

Perelman M. Integrated sex therapy: a psychosocial-cultural perspective integrating behavioral, cognitive, and medical approaches. In: Carson CC, Kirby RS, Goldstein I, Wyllie MG, editors. Textbook of erectile dysfunction. 2nd ed. London: Informa Healthcare; 2009. p. 298–305.

Titel: Current Diagnosis and Management of Erectile Dysfunction
verfasst von: Alexander W. Pastuszak
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2014
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Sexual Health Reports / Ausgabe 3/2014
Print ISSN: 1548-3584
Elektronische ISSN: 1548-3592
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-014-0023-9

Neu im Fachgebiet Urologie

22.04.2024 | Prostatakarzinom | Nachrichten

Update Urologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Current Diagnosis and Management of Erectile Dysfunction

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Urologie

Stufenschema weist Prostatakarzinom zuverlässig nach

Harnwegsinfektprophylaxe: Es geht auch ohne Antibiotika

Varikozelen bei Jugendlichen: Das Für und Wider der Operation

Ureterstriktur: Innovative OP-Technik bewährt sich

Update Urologie

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2014

Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction: an Updated Review

Female Sexual Dysfunction Management After Pubovaginal/Midurethral Sling Surgery

Determining the Prognostic Implications of Erectile Dysfunction for Future Cardiovascular Disease with Noninvasive Testing

The Pelvic Floor Muscle: the Link Between Bladder, Bowel, and…Sex? A Review of Current Pelvic Therapy Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexual Disorders

Medical Management of Peyronie’s Disease: a 2014 Update

The Neurophysiology of Orgasm

Neu im Fachgebiet Urologie

Stufenschema weist Prostatakarzinom zuverlässig nach

Harnwegsinfektprophylaxe: Es geht auch ohne Antibiotika

Varikozelen bei Jugendlichen: Das Für und Wider der Operation

Ureterstriktur: Innovative OP-Technik bewährt sich

Update Urologie