Gustilo-Anderson Classification

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Zurück zum Zitat Choudry U, Moran S, Karacor Z. Soft-tissue coverage and outcome of Gustilo grade IIIB midshaft tibia fractures: a 15 year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122:479–485.PubMedCrossRef Choudry U, Moran S, Karacor Z. Soft-tissue coverage and outcome of Gustilo grade IIIB midshaft tibia fractures: a 15 year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122:479–485.PubMedCrossRef

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Zurück zum Zitat Dellinger DP, Caplan ES, Weaver LD, Wertz MJ, Droppert BM, Hoyt N, Brumback R, Burgess A, Poka A, Benirschke SK, et al. Duration of preventive antibiotic administration for open extremity fractures. Arch Surg. 1988;123:333–339.PubMedCrossRef Dellinger DP, Caplan ES, Weaver LD, Wertz MJ, Droppert BM, Hoyt N, Brumback R, Burgess A, Poka A, Benirschke SK, et al. Duration of preventive antibiotic administration for open extremity fractures. Arch Surg. 1988;123:333–339.PubMedCrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Georgiadis GM, Behrens FF, Joyce MJ, Earle AS, Simmons AL. Open tibial fractures with severe soft-tissue loss: limb salvage compared with below-the-knee amputation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:1431–1441.PubMed Georgiadis GM, Behrens FF, Joyce MJ, Earle AS, Simmons AL. Open tibial fractures with severe soft-tissue loss: limb salvage compared with below-the-knee amputation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:1431–1441.PubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Giannoudis PV, Papakostidis C, Roberts C. A review of the management of open fractures of the tibia and femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88:281–289.PubMedCrossRef Giannoudis PV, Papakostidis C, Roberts C. A review of the management of open fractures of the tibia and femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88:281–289.PubMedCrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Gosselin RA, Roberts I, Gillespie WJ. Antibiotics for preventing infection in open limb fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004:(1)CD003764. Gosselin RA, Roberts I, Gillespie WJ. Antibiotics for preventing infection in open limb fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004:(1)CD003764.

Zurück zum Zitat Govender S, Csimma C, Genant HK, Valentin-Opran A, Amit Y, Arbel R, Aro H, Atar D, Bishay M, Borner MG, Chiron P, Choong P, Cinats J, Courtenay B, Feibel R, Geulette B, Gravel C, Hass N, Raschke M, Hammacher E, van der Velde D, Hardy P, Holt M, Josten C, Ketterl RL, Lindeque B, Lob G, Mathevon H, McCoy G, Marsh D, Miller R, Munting E, Oevre S, Nordsletten L, Patel A, Pohl A, Rennie W, Reynders R, Rommens PM, Rondia J, Rossouw WC, Daneel PJ, Ruff S, Ruter A, Santavirta S, Schildhauer TA, Gekle C, Schnettler R, Segal D, Seiler H, Snowdowne RB, Stapert J, Taglang G, Verdonk R, Vogels L, Weckbach A, Wentzensen A, Wisniewski T; BMP-2 Evaluation in Surgery for Tibial Trauma (BESST) Study Group. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for treatment of open tibial fractures: a prospective, controlled, randomized study of four hundred and fifty patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84:2123–2134. Govender S, Csimma C, Genant HK, Valentin-Opran A, Amit Y, Arbel R, Aro H, Atar D, Bishay M, Borner MG, Chiron P, Choong P, Cinats J, Courtenay B, Feibel R, Geulette B, Gravel C, Hass N, Raschke M, Hammacher E, van der Velde D, Hardy P, Holt M, Josten C, Ketterl RL, Lindeque B, Lob G, Mathevon H, McCoy G, Marsh D, Miller R, Munting E, Oevre S, Nordsletten L, Patel A, Pohl A, Rennie W, Reynders R, Rommens PM, Rondia J, Rossouw WC, Daneel PJ, Ruff S, Ruter A, Santavirta S, Schildhauer TA, Gekle C, Schnettler R, Segal D, Seiler H, Snowdowne RB, Stapert J, Taglang G, Verdonk R, Vogels L, Weckbach A, Wentzensen A, Wisniewski T; BMP-2 Evaluation in Surgery for Tibial Trauma (BESST) Study Group. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for treatment of open tibial fractures: a prospective, controlled, randomized study of four hundred and fifty patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84:2123–2134.

Zurück zum Zitat Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:453–458.PubMed Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:453–458.PubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN. Problems in management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures. J Trauma. 1984;24:742–746.PubMedCrossRef Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN. Problems in management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures. J Trauma. 1984;24:742–746.PubMedCrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Hansen ST Jr. The type-IIIC tibial fracture: salvage or amputation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987;69:799–800.PubMed Hansen ST Jr. The type-IIIC tibial fracture: salvage or amputation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987;69:799–800.PubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Horn BD, Rettig ME. Interobserver reliability in the Gustilo and Anderson classification of open fractures. J Trauma. 1993;7:357–360. Horn BD, Rettig ME. Interobserver reliability in the Gustilo and Anderson classification of open fractures. J Trauma. 1993;7:357–360.

Zurück zum Zitat Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159–174.PubMedCrossRef Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159–174.PubMedCrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Lenarz CJ, Watson JT, Moed BR, Israel H, Mullen JD, Macdonald JB. Timing of wound closure in open fractures based on cultures obtained after debridement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:1921–1926.PubMedCrossRef Lenarz CJ, Watson JT, Moed BR, Israel H, Mullen JD, Macdonald JB. Timing of wound closure in open fractures based on cultures obtained after debridement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:1921–1926.PubMedCrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Melvin JS, Dombroski DG, Torbert JT, Kovach SJ, Esterhai JL, Mehta S. Open tibial shaft fractures: I. Evaluation and initial wound management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010;18:10–19.PubMed Melvin JS, Dombroski DG, Torbert JT, Kovach SJ, Esterhai JL, Mehta S. Open tibial shaft fractures: I. Evaluation and initial wound management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010;18:10–19.PubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Okike K, Bhattacharyya T. Trends in the management of open fractures: a critical analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88:2739–2748.PubMedCrossRef Okike K, Bhattacharyya T. Trends in the management of open fractures: a critical analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88:2739–2748.PubMedCrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Ostermann PA, Seligson D, Henry SL. Local antibiotic therapy for severe open fractures: a review of 1085 consecutive cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995;77:93–97.PubMed Ostermann PA, Seligson D, Henry SL. Local antibiotic therapy for severe open fractures: a review of 1085 consecutive cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995;77:93–97.PubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Orr HW. The Orr method for wounds and compound fractures. JAMA. 1942;118:917.CrossRef Orr HW. The Orr method for wounds and compound fractures. JAMA. 1942;118:917.CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Orr HW. Development of fracture surgery during the past 100 years. Clin Orthop. 1953;2:5–11.PubMed Orr HW. Development of fracture surgery during the past 100 years. Clin Orthop. 1953;2:5–11.PubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Patzakis MJ, Wilkins J. Factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;243:36–40.PubMed Patzakis MJ, Wilkins J. Factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;243:36–40.PubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Pollak AN, Jones AL, Castillo RC, Bosse MJ, MacKenzie EJ; LEAP Study Group. The relationship between time to surgical debridement and incidence of infection after open high-energy lower extremity trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:7–15. Pollak AN, Jones AL, Castillo RC, Bosse MJ, MacKenzie EJ; LEAP Study Group. The relationship between time to surgical debridement and incidence of infection after open high-energy lower extremity trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:7–15.

Zurück zum Zitat Veliskakis KP. Primary internal fixation in open fractures of the tibial shaft: the problem of wound healing. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1959:41:342–354.PubMed Veliskakis KP. Primary internal fixation in open fractures of the tibial shaft: the problem of wound healing. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1959:41:342–354.PubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Webb LX, Bosse MJ, Castillo RC, MacKenzie EJ; LEAP Study Group. Analysis of surgeon-controlled variables in the treatment of limb-threatening type III open tibial diaphyseal fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:923–928.PubMedCrossRef Webb LX, Bosse MJ, Castillo RC, MacKenzie EJ; LEAP Study Group. Analysis of surgeon-controlled variables in the treatment of limb-threatening type III open tibial diaphyseal fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:923–928.PubMedCrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Zalavras, CG, Marcus RE, Levin LS, Patzakis MJ. Management of open fractures and subsequent complications. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:884–895.PubMedCrossRef Zalavras, CG, Marcus RE, Levin LS, Patzakis MJ. Management of open fractures and subsequent complications. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:884–895.PubMedCrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Zalavras CG, Patzakis MJ. Open fractures: evaluation and managment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2003;11:212–219.PubMed Zalavras CG, Patzakis MJ. Open fractures: evaluation and managment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2003;11:212–219.PubMed