Frailty—from Concept to Rheumatology Clinical Practice
The Emblem of Frailty: Geriatric Cohorts
The Biological Basis: Sarcopenia and Immune Senescence (and Their Bidirectional Link)
The Interplay Between Immunosenescence and Age-Related Musculoskeletal Diseases
Frailty in the Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases
Frailty in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Frailty in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis
Frailty in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Frailty and Systemic Sclerosis
Frailty in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Frailty Screening Tools
Fried’s Frailty Phenotype
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe Frailty Instrument
The Frailty Index of Cumulative Deficits
Groningen Frailty Indicator
Edmonton Frail Scale
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
Tilburg Frailty Indicator
PRISMA-7 Questionnaire
QFrailty Score
Comprehensive Rheumatologic Assessment of Frailty Index
Concept/variable | Description | CRAF value |
---|---|---|
1. Nutritional status | Normal/overweight: BMI 25–30 kg/m2 Obese: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 Underweight: BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 | 0.00 0.50 1.00 |
2. Weakness | Handgrip strength (in Kg) in men < 27 T-score − 2.5 or below < 32 T-score − 2 or below > 32 Normal Grip Handgrip strength (in Kg) in women < 16 T-score − 2.5 or below < 19 T-score − 2 or below > 19 Normal Grip | 1.00 0.50 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.00 |
3. Falls | Falls less than twice in the last 12 months Falls between two and five times in the last 12 months Falls more than five times in the last 12 months | 0.00 0.50 1.00 |
4. Comorbidity | RDCI score 0 – 1 RDCI score 2 – 3 RDCI score 3 – 4 RDCI score 5 – 6 RDCI score ≥ 7 | 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 |
5. Polypharmacy | Patient uses less than two different medications Patient uses between three and four different medications Patient uses 5 or more different medications | 0.00 0.50 1.00 |
6. Social activity | Not at all/slightly Moderately Quite a bit/extremely | 0.00 0.50 1.00 |
7. Pain | Extreme pain Very severe pain Severe pain Moderate pain Mild pain No pain | 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 |
8. Fatigue | Extreme fatigue Very severe fatigue Severe fatigue Moderate fatigue Mild fatigue No fatigue | 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 |
9. Physical function | Extreme limitation Very severe limitation Severe limitation Moderate limitation Mild limitation No limitation | 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 |
10. Depression | Extreme depression Very severe depression Severe depression Moderate depression Mild depression No depression | 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 |
Fried’s phenotype of physical disability | |
---|---|
Frailty Index (FI) | SLE, SSc |
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe Frailty Instrument (SHARE-FI) | RA |
Rockwood cumulative deficit model | |
The Frailty index of cumulative deficits (FI-CD) | AAV |
The Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) | RA |
The Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) | RA |
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) | RA |
Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) | Never tested in IMRDs cohorts |
Program on Research for Integrating Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy (PRISMA-7) | Never tested in IMRDs cohorts |
QFrailty score | Never tested in IMRDs cohorts |
Comprehensive Rheumatologic Assessment of Frailty (CRAF) index | RA |