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Agonistic Behavior of PACAP6-38 on Sensory Nerve Terminals and Cytotrophoblast Cells

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Abstract

The effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) are mediated through G-protein-coupled receptors, the specific PAC1 receptor and VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors which bind vasoactive intestinal peptide with similar affinity. Based on binding affinity studies, PACAP6-38 was discovered as a potent antagonist of PAC1 and it has been used by hundreds of studies as a PACAP antagonist. Recently, we have found that in certain cells/tissues, PACAP6-38 does not antagonize PACAP-induced effects, but surprisingly, it exerts similar actions to PACAP1-38, behaving as an agonist. In the present study, we report on the agonistic behavior of PACAP6-38 on neuropeptide release from sensory nerves of the isolated rat trachea and on the MAPK signaling pathways in cytotrophoblast cells. In isolated rat tracheae, PACAP6-38, similarly to PACAP1-38, induced significant inhibitory effects on the release of three simultaneously measured sensory neuropeptides, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and somatostatin evoked by both chemical excitation and electrical field stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive afferents. Effects of PACAP6-38 were the same as those of PACAP1-38 on MAPK signaling in human cytotrophoblast cells. Western blot analysis showed that both peptide forms stimulated ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation, while they both inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation. The most pronounced effects were observed when both peptides were present. In summary, our results show that PACAP6-38, which is a PACAP receptor antagonist in most cells/tissues, can behave as an agonist in other systems. The increasing interest in the effects of PACAP requires further studies on the pharmacological properties of the peptide and its analogues.

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Acknowledgments

This work was sponsored by Hungarian Grants: T046589, K72592, K73044, F67830, NRDP1A/005/2004, RET-008/2005, ETT-06-348/2006, ETT-06-284/2006 and Bolyai Postdoctoral Research Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    D Reglodi, A Tamas, P Kiss, G Horvath & R Brubel

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary

    R Borzsei, T Bagoly & Z Helyes

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    A Boronkai & B Racz

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

    J Nemeth

  5. Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

    G Toth

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  1. D Reglodi
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Reglodi, D., Borzsei, R., Bagoly, T. et al. Agonistic Behavior of PACAP6-38 on Sensory Nerve Terminals and Cytotrophoblast Cells. J Mol Neurosci 36, 270–278 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-008-9089-z

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