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The Clinical Implications of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Pathological Grade and Prognosis of Glioma Patients: A Meta-Analysis

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This article was retracted on 27 January 2017

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Abstract

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway plays a key role in oncogenesis of advanced cancers. However, the effects of TGF-β pathway on gliomas are still controversial. So, it is essential to conduct a meta-analysis to determine their correlations. Eligible studies were included, and then odds ratios (ORs), standard mean differences (SMDs), and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were estimated. Funnel plots were available for evaluation of publication bias. In this meta-analysis, all 14 eligible studies involving 875 patients were included and conducted in China. Six studies with dichotomous data revealed altered TGF-β expression in glioma tissues was closely associated with high WHO grade (III + IV) (OR 4.39, 95 % CI 2.90–6.63; p = 0.000), meanwhile, seven studies with continuous data also demonstrated TGF-β expression intensity extremely related to high grade (SMD −2.44, 95 % CI −2.71, −2.16; p = 0.000). To our interest, TGF-β expression was associated with old age (OR 0.59, 95 % CI 0.36–0.93; p = 0.025) rather than gender (OR 1.04, 95 % CI 0.64–1.67; p = 0.884). Besides, TGF-β expression significantly correlated to 3-year-OS (n = 2; HR 2.53, 95 % CI 1.18–5.41; p = 0.017) rather than 5-year-OS (n = 1; HR 1.04, 95 % CI 0.66–1.64; p = 0.872) in glioma patients. No heterogeneity and publication bias were observed across all studies. Taken together, the present meta-analysis testifies TGF-β is potently associated with high grade and poor 3 years prognosis, and TGF-β test combined with survivin [1 Mol Neurobiol] and MMP9 [2 Mol Neurobiol] in glioma tissues should be clinically recommended as criteria of glioma grade in department of pathology.

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Change history

  • 27 January 2017

    An erratum to this article has been published.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Shandong University Science Technology Innovation Foundation (201410422123). We greatly thank Guoliang Li in Sandy lab for valuable suggestions and writing.

Conflict of Interest

The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Xiangshan Yang & Jing Zhang

  2. Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Shunzeng Lv, Ranran Shi & Huihui Kang

  3. Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China

    Xingtong Zhou

  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

    Yuting Liu

  5. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Daotang Li

  6. Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38# wuyingshan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Zhongfa Xu

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  1. Xiangshan Yang
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  2. Shunzeng Lv
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  9. Zhongfa Xu
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Correspondence to Zhongfa Xu.

Additional information

An erratum to this article is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0411-z.

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Yang, X., Lv, S., Zhou, X. et al. The Clinical Implications of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Pathological Grade and Prognosis of Glioma Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 52, 270–276 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-014-8872-9

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