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Human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoproteins as risk factors for tumorigenesis

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Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is small, double-stranded DNA virus that infects mucosal and cutaneous epithelial tissue. HPV is sexually transmitted and the viral DNA replicates extrachromosomally. The virus is non-enveloped and has an icosahedral capsid. There are approximately 118 types of HPV, which are characterized as high-risk or lowrisk types. High-risk HPVs cause malignant transformation while the low-risk ones cause benign warts and lesions. The expression of E6 and E7 is normally controlled during the normal viral life cycle when viral DNA replicates extrachromosomally. HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins are overexpressed when the viral genome integrates into the host DNA. Deregulated overexpression of E6 and E7 oncoproteins can cause several changes in cellular pathways and functions leading to malignant transformation of cells and tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on several cellular mechanisms and pathways that are altered in the presence of E6 and E7, the target proteins of E6 and E7 inside the host cell and how they contribute to the development of the transformed phenotype.

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Abbreviations

AAK1:

adaptor protein 2 associated kinase 1

ADA3:

adenosine deaminase 3

BRCA1:

breast cancer-associated protein 1

CAL:

cystic fibrosis receptor-associated ligand

CDK:

cyclin-dependent kinase

CDKI:

cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor

CBP:

CREB-binding protein

Dlg:

disc large

E6AP:

E6-associated protein

E6TP1:

E6 targeted protein 1

ERBB3:

epidermal growth factor receptor-related protein tyrosine kinase B3

EZH2:

enhancer of zeste homologue 2

FADD:

fas-associated death domain

GIPC:

GAIP-interacting protein c-terminus

HDAC:

histone deacetylase

HPV:

human papillomavirus

hTERT:

human telomerase reverse transcriptase

IAP2:

inhibitor of apoptosis 2

IFN:

interferon

IL:

interleukin

Jak:

janus kinase

LCR:

long control region

PDZ:

PSD95/Dlg/ZO1

IRF:

interferon regulatory factor

MAGI:

membrane-associated guanylate kinase

MCM7:

minichromosome maintenance 7

MDM2:

mediator of DNA damage 2

MMP:

matrix metalloprotease

MUPP1:

multiple PDZ domain-containing protein 1

NF-κB:

nuclear factor kappa B

OSCC:

oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

PATJ:

PALS-1 associated tight junction protein

PI3K:

phosphatidylinsotol-3-OH kinase

PP2A:

protein phosphatase 2A

PSD95:

post-synaptic density protein 95

PTPN1:

protein tyrosine phosphatase N1

Rb:

retinoblastoma

Scrib:

scribble

STAT1:

signal transducer and activator of transcription

Tyk2:

tyrosine kinase 2

USF:

upstream sequence factor

TNFR1:

tumour necrosis factor receptor 1

TSSK2:

testis-specific serine/threonine kinase 2

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  1. International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cape Town, Wernher & Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, 7925, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa

    Niladri Ganguly & Suraj P. Parihar

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  1. Niladri Ganguly
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  2. Suraj P. Parihar
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Correspondence to Niladri Ganguly.

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Ganguly, N., Parihar, S.P. Human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoproteins as risk factors for tumorigenesis. J Biosci 34, 113–123 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-009-0013-7

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