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Association of susceptible genetic markers and autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis

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Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of unknown aetiology resulting in inflammation of the synovium, cartilage and bone. The disease has a heterogeneous character, consisting of clinical subsets of anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive and APCA-negative disease. Although, the pathogenesis of RA is incompletely understood, genetic factors play a vital role in susceptibility to RA as the heritability of RA is between 50 and 60%, with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus accounting for at least 30% of overall genetic risk. Non-HLA genes, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) within the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) have also been investigated for association with RA. Although, some contradictory results have originated from several studies on TNF-α gene, the data published so far indicate the possible existence of TNF-α gene promoter variants that act as markers for disease severity and response to treatment in RA. The correlation of HLA and non-HLA genes within MHC region is apparently interpreted. A considerable number of confirmed associations with RA and other autoimmune disease susceptibility loci including peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT4), cluster of differentiation 244 (CD244) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), located outside the MHC have been reported recently. In this review, we aim to give an update on recent progress in RA genetics, the importance of the combination of HLA-DRB1 alleles, non-HLA gene polymorphism, its detection and autoantibodies as susceptibility markers for early RA disease.

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Acknowledgements

The proposed study is in progress and funded by Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India

    VASANTH KONDA MOHAN & NALINI GANESAN

  2. Sri Ramachandra Hospital, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India

    RAJASEKHAR GOPALAKRISHNAN

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Correspondence to NALINI GANESAN.

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[Vasanth K. M., Nalini G. and Rajasekhar G. 2014 Association of susceptible genetic markers and autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Genet. 93, xx-xx]

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KONDA MOHAN, V., GANESAN, N. & GOPALAKRISHNAN, R. Association of susceptible genetic markers and autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. J Genet 93, 597–605 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-014-0380-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-014-0380-1

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