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Involvement of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the cancer cell response to DNA damage

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Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling Aims and scope

Abstract

The complex mechanisms that cells have evolved to meet the challenge of constant exposure to DNA-damaging stimuli, also serve to protect cancer cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemo- and radiotherapy. IGFBPs appear to be involved, directly or indirectly, in some of these protective mechanisms. Activation of p53 is an early response to genotoxic stress, and all six human IGFBP genes have predicted p53 response elements in their promoter and/or intronic regions, at least some of which are functional. IGFBP3 has been extensively characterized as a p53-inducible gene, but in some cases it is suppressed by mutant p53 forms. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), induced by radiotherapy and some chemotherapies, potentially lead to apoptotic cell death, senescence, or repair and recovery. DSB damage can be repaired by homologous recombination or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), depending on the cell cycle stage, availability of key repair proteins, and other factors. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in the NHEJ pathway, and EGFR inhibition may inhibit repair, promoting apoptosis and thus improving sensitivity to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Both IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6 interact with components of the NHEJ pathway, and IGFBP-3 can facilitate this process through direct interaction with both EGFR and the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK. Cell fate after DNA damage may in part be regulated by the balance between the sphingolipids ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, and IGFBPs can influence the production of both lipids. A better understanding of the involvement of IGFBPs in the DNA damage response in cancer cells may lead to improved methods of sensitizing cancers to DNA-damaging therapies.

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Abbreviations

IGFBP:

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein

DSB:

Double-strand break

NHEJ:

Non-homologous end-joining

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

DNA-PK:

DNA-dependent protein kinase

IGF1R:

Type 1 IGF receptor

ATM:

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated

ATR:

Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related

PIKK:

PI3 kinase-related kinases

HR:

Homologous recombination

MRN:

Mre11 Rad50 and Nbs1

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

S1P:

Sphingosine-1-phosphate

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by grants from the Australian Research Council (DP140100137) and the Cancer Council NSW (RG 11-09).

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  1. Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia

    Melissa W. Y. Chua, Mike Z. Lin, Janet L. Martin & Robert C. Baxter

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  1. Melissa W. Y. Chua
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Correspondence to Robert C. Baxter.

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Chua, M.W.Y., Lin, M.Z., Martin, J.L. et al. Involvement of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the cancer cell response to DNA damage. J. Cell Commun. Signal. 9, 167–176 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-015-0262-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-015-0262-1

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