nach oben

Clinical and Translational Oncology

Erschienen in:

24.05.2019 | Review Article

Immunomodulation in leukemia: cellular aspects of anti-leukemic properties

verfasst von: M. Maleknia, A. Valizadeh, S. M. S. Pezeshki, N. Saki

Erschienen in: Clinical and Translational Oncology | Ausgabe 1/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Immunomodulation is a mechanism that stimulates or inhibits immune responses under the influence of secretory mediators. This study will review the role of cytokines and chemotherapy in the modulation of immune responses in leukemia. We searched the PubMed database and Google scholar search engine of English-language papers (1995–2018) using the “Immunomodulation”, “Leukemia”, “Tregs”, “Natural killer cells”, “Mesenchymal stem cells”, “Macrophages” and “chemotherapy” as keywords. In leukemias, T regulatory cells (Tregs), natural killer cells (NK), macrophages (MQs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alter their functional and secretion patterns. Some of the changes in NK cells and classic MQ (M1) potentiate the immune responses against leukemia, but some Tregs changes will compromise the immune system. The effect of a cell on immunomodulation is in contrast to another cell, in which the cells are engaged in a competition so that a cell that having a higher effect on immunomodulation will be the contest winner. The outcome of immunomodulation in response to leukemia is determined by the ratio of stimulatory activity of NK cells and M1 to the inhibitory effect of Tregs, while the dual role of MSCs through immunomodulators and cytokines can be effective in weakening/enhancing the immune response.

Shahrabi S, Behzad MM, Jaseb K, Saki N. Thrombocytopenia in leukemia: pathogenesis and prognosis. Histol Histopathol. 2018;33:11976.

Riches JC, Gribben JG, editors. Immunomodulation and immune reconstitution in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: seminars in hematology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2014.

Krause DS, Fulzele K, Catic A, Sun CC, Dombkowski D, Hurley MP, et al. Differential regulation of myeloid leukemias by the bone marrow microenvironment. Nat Med. 2013;19(11):1513.PubMedPubMedCentral

Riether C, Schürch C, Ochsenbein A. Regulation of hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells by the immune system. Cell Death Differ. 2015;22(2):187.PubMed

Bakker E, Qattan M, Mutti L, Demonacos C, Krstic-Demonacos M. The role of microenvironment and immunity in drug response in leukemia. Biochim et Biophys Acta (BBA) Mol Cell Res. 2016;1863(3):414–26.

Yu X, Miao J, Xia W, Gu Z-J. Immunogenicity moderation effect of interleukin-24 on myelogenous leukemia cells. Anti Cancer Drugs. 2018;29(4):353–63.PubMed

Sainz-Perez A, Gary-Gouy H, Gaudin F, Maarof G, Marfaing-Koka A, de Revel T, et al. IL-24 induces apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells engaged into the cell cycle through dephosphorylation of STAT3 and stabilization of p53 expression. J Immunol. 2008;181(9):6051–60.PubMed

Cheng H, Wu B, Chen L, Zhang Z, Li B. Expression and effect of serum interleukin-24 level on bone marrow mononuclear cells in children with acute leukemia. Genet Mol Res. 2015;14:17281–8.PubMed

Fisher PB, Gopalkrishnan RV, Chada S, Ramesh R, Grimm EA, Rosenfeld MR, et al. mda-7/IL-24, a novel cancer selective apoptosis inducing cytokine gene: from the laboratory into the clinic. Cancer Biol Ther. 2003;2(sup1):22–36.

10.

Sauane M, Gopalkrishnan RV, Sarkar D, Su Z-Z, Lebedeva IV, Dent P, et al. MDA-7/IL-24: novel cancer growth suppressing and apoptosis inducing cytokine. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2003;14(1):35–51.PubMed

11.

Assi R, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F, Daver N. Immune therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: a focus on monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Curr Opin Hematol. 2018;25(2):136–45.PubMed

12.

Wang HY, Wang R-F. Regulatory T cells and cancer. Curr Opin Immunol. 2007;19(2):217–23.PubMed

13.

Bettelli E, Dastrange M, Oukka M. Foxp3 interacts with nuclear factor of activated T cells and NF-κB to repress cytokine gene expression and effector functions of T helper cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2005;102(14):5138–43.PubMed

14.

Gao F, Chiu S, Motan D, Zhang Z, Chen L, Ji H, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells and immunomodulation: current status and future prospects. Cell death & disease. 2016;7(1):e2062.

15.

Geyh S, Rodriguez-Paredes M, Jäger P, Khandanpour C, Cadeddu R, Gutekunst J, et al. Functional inhibition of mesenchymal stromal cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2016;30(3):683.PubMed

16.

Komohara Y, Jinushi M, Takeya M. Clinical significance of macrophage heterogeneity in human malignant tumors. Cancer Sci. 2014;105(1):1–8.PubMed

17.

Mantovani A, Sica A, Allavena P, Garlanda C, Locati M. Tumor-associated macrophages and the related myeloid-derived suppressor cells as a paradigm of the diversity of macrophage activation. Hum Immunol. 2009;70(5):325–30.PubMed

18.

Cichocki F, Cooley S, Davis Z, DeFor TE, Schlums H, Zhang B, et al. CD56 dim CD57 + NKG2C + NK cell expansion is associated with reduced leukemia relapse after reduced intensity HCT. Leukemia. 2016;30(2):456.PubMed

19.

Baessler T, Charton JE, Schmiedel BJ, Grünebach F, Krusch M, Wacker A, et al. CD137 ligand mediates opposite effects in human and mouse NK cells and impairs NK-cell reactivity against human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Blood. 2010;115(15):3058–69.PubMed

20.

Rafiq S, Raza MH, Younas M, Naeem F, Adeeb R, Iqbal J, et al. Molecular targets of curcumin and future therapeutic role in leukemia. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines. 2018;6(04):33.

21.

Shanbhag VKL. Curcumin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia–A review. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine. 2017;7(6):505–12.

22.

Wang X, Zheng J, Liu J, Yao J, He Y, Li X, et al. Increased population of CD4 + CD25high regulatory T cells with their higher apoptotic and proliferating status in peripheral blood of acute myeloid leukemia patients. Eur J Haematol. 2005;75(6):468–76.PubMed

23.

Knaus HA, Kanakry CG, Luznik L, Gojo I. Immunomodulatory Drugs: immune Checkpoint Agents in Acute Leukemia. Curr Drug Targets. 2017;18(3):315–31.PubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Thein MS, Ershler WB, Jemal A, Yates JW, Baer MR. Outcome of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: an analysis of SEER data over 3 decades. Cancer. 2013;119(15):2720–7.PubMed

25.

Schmohl JU, Nuebling T, Wild J, Kroell T, Kanz L, Salih HR, et al. Expression of RANK-L and in part of PD-1 on blasts in patients with acute myeloid leukemia correlates with prognosis. Eur J Haematol. 2016;97(6):517–27.PubMed

26.

Zhou Q, Munger ME, Highfill SL, Tolar J, Weigel BJ, Riddle M, et al. Program death-1 signaling and regulatory T cells collaborate to resist the function of adoptively transferred cytotoxic T lymphocytes in advanced acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2010;116(14):2484–93.PubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Yuan Zha Y, Blank C, Gajewski TF. Negative regulation of T-cell function by PD-1. Criti Rev Immunol. 2004;24(4):10.

28.

Shapiro M, Herishanu Y, Katz B-Z, Dezorella N, Sun C, Kay S, et al. Lymphocyte activation gene 3: a novel therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica. 2017;102(5):874–82.PubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Wierz M, Pierson S, Guyonnet L, Viry E, Lequeux A, Oudin A, et al. Dual PD1/LAG3 immune checkpoint blockade limits tumor development in a murine model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2018;131(14):1617.PubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Wang J, Tao Q, Wang H, Wang Z, Wu F, Pan Y, et al. Elevated IL-35 in bone marrow of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Hum Immunol. 2015;76(9):681–6.PubMed

31.

Tao Q, Pan Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Xiong S, Li Q, et al. Regulatory T cells-derived IL-35 promotes the growth of adult acute myeloid leukemia blasts. Int J Cancer. 2015;137(10):2384–93.PubMed

32.

Wu H, Li P, Shao N, Ma J, Ji M, Sun X, et al. Aberrant expression of Treg-associated cytokine IL-35 along with IL-10 and TGF-β in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncol Lett. 2012;3(5):1119–23.PubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Tokura Y, Sawada Y, Shimauchi T. Skin manifestations of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: clinical, cytological and immunological features. J Dermatol. 2014;41(1):19–25.PubMed

34.

Maeda M, Chen Y, Hayashi H, Kumagai-Takei N, Matsuzaki H, Lee S, et al. Chronic exposure to asbestos enhances TGF-β1 production in the human adult T cell leukemia virus-immortalized T cell line MT-2. Int J Oncol. 2014;45(6):2522–32.PubMed

35.

Wiegertjes R, van de Loo F, Davidson EB, van der Kraan P. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 modulates transforming growth factor-β signaling in human chondrocytes through the inhibition of the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2018;26:S95.

36.

Kitisin K, Saha T, Blake T, Golestaneh N, Deng M, Kim C, et al. TGF-β signaling in development. Sci Signal. 2007;2007(399):cm1-cm.

37.

Kuchenbauer F, Schnittger S, Look T, Gilliland G, Tenen D, Haferlach T, et al. Identification of additional cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukaemia with t (8, 21)/AML1-ETO. Br J Haematol. 2006;134(6):616–9.PubMed

38.

Neault M, Lebert-Ghali C-É, Fournier M, Sawchyn C, Boulay K, Samavarchi-Tehrani P, et al. Identification of novel therapeutic targets in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Exp Hematol. 2018;64:S89–90.

39.

Brahmer JR, Tykodi SS, Chow LQ, Hwu W-J, Topalian SL, Hwu P, et al. Safety and activity of anti–PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(26):2455–65.PubMedPubMedCentral

40.

Sanchez-Correa B, Bergua JM, Campos C, Gayoso I, Arcos MJ, Bañas H, et al. Cytokine profiles in acute myeloid leukemia patients at diagnosis: survival is inversely correlated with IL-6 and directly correlated with IL-10 levels. Cytokine. 2013;61(3):885–91.PubMed

41.

Madondo MT, Quinn M, Plebanski M. Low dose cyclophosphamide: mechanisms of T cell modulation. Cancer Treatm Rev. 2016;42:3–9.

42.

Ghiringhelli F, Larmonier N, Schmitt E, Parcellier A, Cathelin D, Garrido C, et al. CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells suppress tumor immunity but are sensitive to cyclophosphamide which allows immunotherapy of established tumors to be curative. Eur J Immunol. 2004;34(2):336–44.PubMed

43.

Skarbnik AP, Faderl S. The role of combined fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab chemoimmunotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: current evidence and controversies. Thera Adv Hematol. 2017;8(3):99–105.

44.

Lutsiak MC, Semnani RT, De Pascalis R, Kashmiri SV, Schlom J, Sabzevari H. Inhibition of CD4 + 25 + T regulatory cell function implicated in enhanced immune response by low-dose cyclophosphamide. Blood. 2005;105(7):2862–8.PubMed

45.

Moignet A, Hasanali Z, Zambello R, Pavan L, Bareau B, Tournilhac O, et al. Cyclophosphamide as a first-line therapy in LGL leukemia. Leukemia. 2014;28(5):1134.PubMed

46.

Alsaab HO, Sau S, Alzhrani R, Tatiparti K, Bhise K, Kashaw SK, et al. PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint signaling inhibition for cancer immunotherapy: mechanism, combinations, and clinical outcome. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:561.PubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Gitendra Wickremasinghe R, Prentice AG, Steele AJ. Aberrantly activated anti-apoptotic signalling mechanisms in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells: clues to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Br J Haematol. 2011;153(5):545–56.PubMed

48.

Romee R, Rosario M, Berrien-Elliott MM, Wagner JA, Jewell BA, Schappe T, et al. Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells exhibit enhanced responses against myeloid leukemia. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(357):357.

49.

Bachanova V, Cooley S, Defor TE, Verneris MR, Zhang B, McKenna DH, et al. Clearance of acute myeloid leukemia by haploidentical natural killer cells is improved using IL-2 diphtheria toxin fusion protein. Blood. 2014;123(25):3855–63.PubMedPubMedCentral

50.

de Groen RA, Boltjes A, Hou J, Liu BS, McPhee F, Friborg J, et al. IFN-λ-mediated IL-12 production in macrophages induces IFN-γ production in human NK cells. Eur J Immunol. 2015;45(1):250–9.PubMed

51.

Marvel J, Walzer T. CD137 in NK cells. Blood. 2010;115(15):2987–8.PubMed

52.

Makkouk A, Chester C, Kohrt HE. Rationale for anti-CD137 cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2016;54:112–9.PubMed

53.

Furtner M, Straub R, Krüger S, Schwarz H. Levels of soluble CD137 are enhanced in sera of leukemia and lymphoma patients and are strongly associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2005;19(5):883.PubMed

54.

Wang Q, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Wang X, Li J, Ma C, et al. Analysis of CD137 and CD137L expression in human primary tumor tissues. Croat Med J. 2008;49(2):192.PubMedPubMedCentral

55.

Zou W. Immunosuppressive networks in the tumour environment and their therapeutic relevance. Nat Rev Cancer. 2005;5(4):263.PubMed

56.

James AM, Cohen AD, Campbell KS. Combination immune therapies to enhance anti-tumor responses by NK cells. Front Immunol. 2013;4:481.

57.

Wilcox RA, Tamada K, Strome SE, Chen L. Signaling through NK cell-associated CD137 promotes both helper function for CD8 + cytolytic T cells and responsiveness to IL-2 but not cytolytic activity. J Immunol. 2002;169(8):4230–6.PubMed

58.

Lin W, Voskens CJ, Zhang X, Schindler DG, Wood A, Burch E, et al. Fc-dependent expression of CD137 on human NK cells: insights into “agonistic” effects of anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies. Blood. 2008;112(3):699–707.PubMedPubMedCentral

59.

Carter LL, Fouser LA, Jussif J, Fitz L, Deng B, Wood CR, et al. PD-1: PD-L inhibitory pathway affects both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and is overcome by IL-2. Eur J Immunol. 2002;32(3):634–43.PubMed

60.

Kharfan-Dabaja M, Wierda W, Cooper L. Immunotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the era of BTK inhibitors. Leukemia. 2014;28(3):507.PubMed

61.

Bartlett JB, Dredge K, Dalgleish AG. The evolution of thalidomide and its IMiD derivatives as anticancer agents. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(4):314.PubMed

62.

Stewart AK. How thalidomide works against cancer. Science. 2014;343(6168):256–7.PubMedPubMedCentral

63.

Ramsay AD, Rodriguez-Justo M. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia–the role of the microenvironment pathogenesis and therapy. Br J Haematol. 2013;162(1):15–24.PubMed

64.

Shannon E, Sandoval F. Thalidomide increases the synthesis of IL-2 in cultures of human mononuclear cells stimulated with concanavalin-A, staphylococcal enterotoxin A, and purified protein derivative. Immunopharmacology. 1995;31(1):109–16.PubMed

65.

Hayashi T, Hideshima T, Akiyama M, Podar K, Yasui H, Raje N, et al. Molecular mechanisms whereby immunomodulatory drugs activate natural killer cells: clinical application. Br J Haematol. 2005;128(2):192–203.PubMed

66.

Klimp A, De Vries E, Scherphof G, Daemen T. A potential role of macrophage activation in the treatment of cancer. Criti Rev Oncol Hematol. 2002;44(2):143–61.

67.

Martinez FO, Gordon S. The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment. F1000Prime Rep. 2014;6:13.PubMedPubMedCentral

68.

Duluc D, Delneste Y, Tan F, Moles M-P, Grimaud L, Lenoir J, et al. Tumor-associated leukemia inhibitory factor and IL-6 skew monocyte differentiation into tumor-associated macrophage-like cells. Blood. 2007;110(13):4319–30.PubMed

69.

Ricote M, Li AC, Willson TM, Kelly CJ, Glass CK. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ is a negative regulator of macrophage activation. Nature. 1998;391(6662):79.PubMed

70.

Rigamonti E, Chinetti-Gbaguidi G, Staels B. Regulation of macrophage functions by PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and LXRs in mice and men. Arterioscl Thromb Vascu Biol. 2008;28(6):1050–9.

71.

Rowe JM, Andersen JW, Mazza JJ, Bennett JM, Paietta E, Hayes FA, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled phase III study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adult patients (> 55–70 years of age) with acute myelogenous leukemia: a study of the eastern cooperative oncology group (E1490). Blood. 1995;86(2):457–62.PubMed

72.

Francisco-Cruz A, Aguilar-Santelises M, Ramos-Espinosa O, Mata-Espinosa D, Marquina-Castillo B, Barrios-Payan J, et al. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor: not just another haematopoietic growth factor. Med Oncol. 2014;31(1):774.PubMed

73.

Heo S-K, Noh E-K, Yoon D-J, Jo J-C, Koh S, Baek JH, et al. Rosmarinic acid potentiates ATRA-induced macrophage differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015;747:36–44.PubMed

74.

Ketley NJ, Allen PD, Kelsey SM, Newland AC. Modulation of idarubicin-induced apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia blasts by all-trans retinoic acid, 1,25(OH)₂ vitamin D3, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood. 1997;90(11):4578–87.PubMed

75.

Norozi F, Ahmadzadeh A, Shahrabi S, Vosoughi T, Saki N. Mesenchymal stem cells as a double-edged sword in suppression or progression of solid tumor cells. Tumor Biol. 2016;37(9):11679–89.

76.

Maitra B, Szekely E, Gjini K, Laughlin M, Dennis J, Haynesworth S, et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells support unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cells and suppress T-cell activation. Bone Marrow Transpl. 2004;33(6):597.

77.

Yang S-H, Park M-J, Yoon I-H, Kim S-Y, Hong S-H, Shin J-Y, et al. Soluble mediators from mesenchymal stem cells suppress T cell proliferation by inducing IL-10. Exp Mol Med. 2009;41(5):315.PubMedPubMedCentral

78.

Beyth S, Borovsky Z, Mevorach D, Liebergall M, Gazit Z, Aslan H, et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells alter antigen-presenting cell maturation and induce T-cell unresponsiveness. Blood. 2005;105(5):2214–9.PubMed

79.

Su J, Chen X, Huang Y, Li W, Li J, Cao K, et al. Phylogenetic distinction of iNOS and IDO function in mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunosuppression in mammalian species. Cell Death Differ. 2014;21(3):388.PubMed

80.

Nasef A, Mathieu N, Chapel A, Frick J, François S, Mazurier C, et al. Immunosuppressive effects of mesenchymal stem cells: involvement of HLA-G. Transpl. 2007;84(2):231–7.

81.

Crisostomo PR, Wang Y, Markel TA, Wang M, Lahm T, Meldrum DR. Human mesenchymal stem cells stimulated by Tnf, Lps, or hypoxia produce growth factors by an Nfkb but not Jnk dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00437.2007.CrossRefPubMed

82.

Tu B, Du L, Fan Q-M, Tang Z, Tang T-T. STAT3 activation by IL-6 from mesenchymal stem cells promotes the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Cancer Lett. 2012;325(1):80–8.PubMed

83.

Sato K, Ozaki K, Oh I, Meguro A, Hatanaka K, Nagai T, et al. Nitric oxide plays a critical role in suppression of T-cell proliferation by mesenchymal stem cells. Blood. 2007;109(1):228–34.PubMed

84.

Ramasamy R, Lam EW, Soeiro I, Tisato V, Bonnet D, Dazzi F. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells: impact on in vivo tumor growth. Leukemia. 2007;21(2):304.PubMed

85.

Liu F-Z, He L, Wang J-S, Zhang S, Zhu H-Q. Effect of decitabine on DKK1 gene demethylation in leukemia cells. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2016;24(1):56–60.PubMed

86.

Zhu Y, Sun Z, Han Q, Liao L, Wang J, Bian C, et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit cancer cell proliferation by secreting DKK-1. Leukemia. 2009;23(5):925.PubMed

87.

Ling W, Zhang J, Yuan Z, Ren G, Zhang L, Chen X, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells use IDO to regulate immunity in tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res. 2014;74(5):1576–87.PubMedPubMedCentral

88.

Plumas J, Chaperot L, Richard M-J, Molens J-P, Bensa J-C, Favrot M-C. Mesenchymal stem cells induce apoptosis of activated T cells. Leukemia. 2005;19(9):1597.PubMed

89.

Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Eggermont A, Sautes-Fridman C, Tartour E, Kennedy EP, et al. Trial watch: IDO inhibitors in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2014;3(10):e957994.PubMedPubMedCentral

90.

Hou D-Y, Muller AJ, Sharma MD, DuHadaway J, Banerjee T, Johnson M, et al. Inhibition of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in dendritic cells by stereoisomers of 1-methyl-tryptophan correlates with antitumor responses. Cancer Res. 2007;67(2):792–801.PubMed

91.

Buhrmann C, Mobasheri A, Matis U, Shakibaei M. Curcumin mediated suppression of nuclear factor-κB promotes chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in a high-density co-culture microenvironment. Arthr Res Ther. 2010;12(4):R127.

92.

Jitschin R, Braun M, Büttner M, Dettmer-Wilde K, Bricks J, Berger J, et al. CLL-cells induce IDOhi CD14 + HLA-DRlo myeloid-derived suppressor cells that inhibit T-cell responses and promote TRegs. Blood. 2014;124(5):750–60.PubMed

93.

Masuda K, Hiraki A, Fujii N, Watanabe T, Tanaka M, Matsue K, et al. Loss or down-regulation of HLA class I expression at the allelic level in freshly isolated leukemic blasts. Cancer Sci. 2007;98(1):102–8.PubMed

94.

Daver N, Boddu P, Garcia-Manero G, Yadav SS, Sharma P, Allison J, et al. Hypomethylating agents in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia. 2018;32:1094–105.PubMedPubMedCentral

95.

Chen X, Liu S, Wang L, Zhang W-G, Ji Y, Ma X. Clinical significance of B7–H1(PD-L1) expression in human acute leukemia. Cancer Biol Ther. 2008;7(5):622–7.PubMed

96.

Kotaskova J, Tichy B, Trbusek M, Francova HS, Kabathova J, Malcikova J, et al. High expression of lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells is associated with unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy chain region (IGHV) gene and reduced treatment-free survival. J Mol Diagn. 2010;12(3):328–34.PubMedPubMedCentral

97.

Huang J, Basu S, Zhao X, Chien S, Fang M, Oehler V, et al. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from acute myeloid leukemia bone marrow exhibit aberrant cytogenetics and cytokine elaboration. Blood Cancer J. 2015;5(4):e302.PubMedPubMedCentral

98.

Mazur G, Wrobel T, Butrym A, Kapelko-Słowik K, Poreba R, Kuliczkowski K. Increased monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL-2) serum level in acute myeloid leukemia. Neoplasma. 2007;54(4):285–9.PubMed

Titel: Immunomodulation in leukemia: cellular aspects of anti-leukemic properties
verfasst von: M. Maleknia
A. Valizadeh
S. M. S. Pezeshki
N. Saki
Publikationsdatum: 24.05.2019
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Clinical and Translational Oncology / Ausgabe 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1699-048X
Elektronische ISSN: 1699-3055
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-019-02132-9

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

24.04.2024 | DGIM 2024 | Nachrichten

Springer Medizin

Immunomodulation in leukemia: cellular aspects of anti-leukemic properties

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

Bei Senioren mit Prostatakarzinom auf Anämie achten!

ICI-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft wird gut toleriert

Krebspatienten impfen: Was? Wen? Und wann nicht?

Müde im Alter? Auch an die Nebenniere denken

Update Onkologie

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2020

Synergistic anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel and miR-34a combined with ultrasound microbubbles on cervical cancer in vivo and in vitro

Myeloid leukemia with high EVI1 expression is sensitive to 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine by targeting miR-9

Response to immunohistochemical markers’ conversion after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: association between imaging and histopathologic analysis

The effect of metformin on biomarkers associated with breast cancer outcomes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose–response of randomized clinical trials

Multiparametric MRI-based radiomics analysis for prediction of breast cancers insensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Unveiling the mechanisms of immune evasion in pancreatic cancer: may it be a systemic inflammation responsible for dismal survival?

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

Bei Senioren mit Prostatakarzinom auf Anämie achten!

ICI-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft wird gut toleriert

Krebspatienten impfen: Was? Wen? Und wann nicht?

Müde im Alter? Auch an die Nebenniere denken

Update Onkologie