Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, accounting for more hospitalizations than any other condition. Advanced stages of congestive heart failure can be associated with serious complications such as cardiac cachexia (defined here as unintentional weight loss of more than 6 % in 6 months). Cardiac cachexia and the associated progressive weight loss are sometimes overlooked by older patients, their families and care providers. A delay in the diagnosis can result in further loss of vital organ tissue, progressive weakness, fall-related injuries and even long-term care institutionalization and/or death. During the past several years, researchers have begun to broaden their understanding of this common, morbid and often fatal condition, and these findings will help to characterize the features that assist in its diagnosis, minimize its exacerbation, delay the progressive decline, and educate clinicians about the potential management options.