Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research 4/2009

01.12.2009

Exercise in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

verfasst von: Sharlene M. Day

Erschienen in: Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research | Ausgabe 4/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) associated with vigorous athletic competition in individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is well documented, and is the basis for recommended exclusion from competitive sports independent of other risk factors. Although SCD risk with recreational exercise is less well defined, published guidelines for participation in recreational sports, based on a consensus of expert opinion, offer a valuable framework for counseling patients. Exercise stress testing is an important diagnostic and prognostic tool in the evaluation of HCM patients, providing an objective measure of functional capacity, physiologic hemodynamic responses to stress, presence of ischemia, and provocable left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in HCM is less well studied than in the heart failure population, but can be used to set a safe target for exercise intensity as part of an individualized exercise prescription. The long-term effects of exercise on HCM pathophysiology are largely theoretical at this stage. Potential harmful effects of fatiguing exercise include prolonged contractile dysfunction resulting from microvascular ischemia and energetic compromise. Conversely, several animal studies have shown that voluntary exercise prevents or reverses many pathologic features of HCM, including those related to apoptosis and energetics. Substantial evidence for health-promoting benefits of exercise in the general population, in addition to promising safety and efficacy data in patients with chronic heart failure, emphasizes the need to attain a reasonable balance between potential risks and benefits of aerobic fitness in individuals with HCM.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson, P. D., Franklin, B. A., Balady, G. J., Blair, S. N., Corrado, D., Estes, N. A., 3rd, et al. (2007). Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation, 115(17), 2358–2368.CrossRefPubMed Thompson, P. D., Franklin, B. A., Balady, G. J., Blair, S. N., Corrado, D., Estes, N. A., 3rd, et al. (2007). Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation, 115(17), 2358–2368.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Corrado, D., Basso, C., Rizzoli, G., Schiavon, M., & Thiene, G. (2003). Does sports activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42(11), 1959–1963.CrossRefPubMed Corrado, D., Basso, C., Rizzoli, G., Schiavon, M., & Thiene, G. (2003). Does sports activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42(11), 1959–1963.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Fletcher, G. F., Balady, G., Blair, S. N., Blumenthal, J., Caspersen, C., Chaitman, B., et al. (1996). Statement on exercise: Benefits and recommendations for physical activity programs for all Americans. A statement for health professionals by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation, 94(4), 857–862.PubMed Fletcher, G. F., Balady, G., Blair, S. N., Blumenthal, J., Caspersen, C., Chaitman, B., et al. (1996). Statement on exercise: Benefits and recommendations for physical activity programs for all Americans. A statement for health professionals by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation, 94(4), 857–862.PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kokkinos, P., Myers, J., Kokkinos, J. P., Pittaras, A., Narayan, P., Manolis, A., et al. (2008). Exercise capacity and mortality in black and white men. Circulation, 117(5), 614–622.CrossRefPubMed Kokkinos, P., Myers, J., Kokkinos, J. P., Pittaras, A., Narayan, P., Manolis, A., et al. (2008). Exercise capacity and mortality in black and white men. Circulation, 117(5), 614–622.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Gulati, M., Black, H. R., Shaw, L. J., Arnsdorf, M. F., Merz, C. N., Lauer, M. S., et al. (2005). The prognostic value of a nomogram for exercise capacity in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 353(5), 468–475.CrossRefPubMed Gulati, M., Black, H. R., Shaw, L. J., Arnsdorf, M. F., Merz, C. N., Lauer, M. S., et al. (2005). The prognostic value of a nomogram for exercise capacity in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 353(5), 468–475.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Maron, B. J. (2003). Sudden death in young athletes. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(11), 1064–1075.CrossRefPubMed Maron, B. J. (2003). Sudden death in young athletes. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(11), 1064–1075.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Maron, B. J., Shirani, J., Poliac, L. C., Mathenge, R., Roberts, W. C., & Mueller, F. O. (1996). Sudden death in young competitive athletes. Clinical, demographic, and pathological profiles. JAMA, 276(3), 199–204.CrossRefPubMed Maron, B. J., Shirani, J., Poliac, L. C., Mathenge, R., Roberts, W. C., & Mueller, F. O. (1996). Sudden death in young competitive athletes. Clinical, demographic, and pathological profiles. JAMA, 276(3), 199–204.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Maron, B. J., Doerer, J. J., Haas, T. S., Tierney, D. M., & Mueller, F. O. (2009). Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: Analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980–2006. Circulation, 119(8), 1085–1092.CrossRefPubMed Maron, B. J., Doerer, J. J., Haas, T. S., Tierney, D. M., & Mueller, F. O. (2009). Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: Analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980–2006. Circulation, 119(8), 1085–1092.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Rowland, T. (2007). Sudden cardiac death in athletes: Rethinking “hypertropic cardiomyopathy”. Pediatric Exercise Science, 19(4), 373–383.PubMed Rowland, T. (2007). Sudden cardiac death in athletes: Rethinking “hypertropic cardiomyopathy”. Pediatric Exercise Science, 19(4), 373–383.PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Maron, B. J., Ackerman, M. J., Nishimura, R. A., Pyeritz, R. E., Towbin, J. A., & Udelson, J. E. (2005). Task Force 4: HCM and other cardiomyopathies, mitral valve prolapse, myocarditis, and Marfan syndrome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45(8), 1340–1345.CrossRefPubMed Maron, B. J., Ackerman, M. J., Nishimura, R. A., Pyeritz, R. E., Towbin, J. A., & Udelson, J. E. (2005). Task Force 4: HCM and other cardiomyopathies, mitral valve prolapse, myocarditis, and Marfan syndrome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45(8), 1340–1345.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Pelliccia, A., Fagard, R., Bjornstad, H. H., Anastassakis, A., Arbustini, E., Assanelli, D., et al. (2005). Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease: A consensus document from the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. European Heart Journal, 26(14), 1422–1445.CrossRefPubMed Pelliccia, A., Fagard, R., Bjornstad, H. H., Anastassakis, A., Arbustini, E., Assanelli, D., et al. (2005). Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease: A consensus document from the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. European Heart Journal, 26(14), 1422–1445.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Maron, B. J., Chaitman, B. R., Ackerman, M. J., Bayes de Luna, A., Corrado, D., Crosson, J. E., et al. (2004). Recommendations for physical activity and recreational sports participation for young patients with genetic cardiovascular diseases. Circulation, 109(22), 2807–2816.CrossRefPubMed Maron, B. J., Chaitman, B. R., Ackerman, M. J., Bayes de Luna, A., Corrado, D., Crosson, J. E., et al. (2004). Recommendations for physical activity and recreational sports participation for young patients with genetic cardiovascular diseases. Circulation, 109(22), 2807–2816.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Pelliccia, A., Corrado, D., Bjornstad, H. H., Panhuyzen-Goedkoop, N., Urhausen, A., Carre, F., et al. (2006). Recommendations for participation in competitive sport and leisure-time physical activity in individuals with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis and pericarditis. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 13(6), 876–885.CrossRefPubMed Pelliccia, A., Corrado, D., Bjornstad, H. H., Panhuyzen-Goedkoop, N., Urhausen, A., Carre, F., et al. (2006). Recommendations for participation in competitive sport and leisure-time physical activity in individuals with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis and pericarditis. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 13(6), 876–885.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Pelliccia, A., Zipes, D. P., & Maron, B. J. (2008). Bethesda Conference #36 and the European Society of Cardiology Consensus Recommendations revisited a comparison of U. S. and European criteria for eligibility and disqualification of competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 52(24), 1990–1996.CrossRefPubMed Pelliccia, A., Zipes, D. P., & Maron, B. J. (2008). Bethesda Conference #36 and the European Society of Cardiology Consensus Recommendations revisited a comparison of U. S. and European criteria for eligibility and disqualification of competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 52(24), 1990–1996.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, J. B., Porreca, G. J., Song, L., Greenway, S. C., Gorham, J. M., Church, G. M., et al. (2007). Polony multiplex analysis of gene expression (PMAGE) in mouse hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Science, 316(5830), 1481–1484.CrossRefPubMed Kim, J. B., Porreca, G. J., Song, L., Greenway, S. C., Gorham, J. M., Church, G. M., et al. (2007). Polony multiplex analysis of gene expression (PMAGE) in mouse hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Science, 316(5830), 1481–1484.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Sadoul, N., Prasad, K., Elliott, P. M., Bannerjee, S., Frenneaux, M. P., & McKenna, W. J. (1997). Prospective prognostic assessment of blood pressure response during exercise in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 96(9), 2987–2991.PubMed Sadoul, N., Prasad, K., Elliott, P. M., Bannerjee, S., Frenneaux, M. P., & McKenna, W. J. (1997). Prospective prognostic assessment of blood pressure response during exercise in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 96(9), 2987–2991.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Drinko, J. K., Nash, P. J., Lever, H. M., & Asher, C. R. (2004). Safety of stress testing in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. American Journal of Cardiology, 93(11), 1443–1444. A1412.CrossRefPubMed Drinko, J. K., Nash, P. J., Lever, H. M., & Asher, C. R. (2004). Safety of stress testing in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. American Journal of Cardiology, 93(11), 1443–1444. A1412.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Bunch, T. J., Chandrasekaran, K., Ehrsam, J. E., Hammill, S. C., Urban, L. H., Hodge, D. O., et al. (2007). Prognostic significance of exercise induced arrhythmias and echocardiographic variables in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. American Journal of Cardiology, 99(6), 835–838.CrossRefPubMed Bunch, T. J., Chandrasekaran, K., Ehrsam, J. E., Hammill, S. C., Urban, L. H., Hodge, D. O., et al. (2007). Prognostic significance of exercise induced arrhythmias and echocardiographic variables in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. American Journal of Cardiology, 99(6), 835–838.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Maron, M. S., Olivotto, I., Zenovich, A. G., Link, M. S., Pandian, N. G., Kuvin, J. T., et al. (2006). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is predominantly a disease of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Circulation, 114(21), 2232–2239.CrossRefPubMed Maron, M. S., Olivotto, I., Zenovich, A. G., Link, M. S., Pandian, N. G., Kuvin, J. T., et al. (2006). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is predominantly a disease of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Circulation, 114(21), 2232–2239.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah, J. S., Esteban, M. T., Thaman, R., Sharma, R., Mist, B., Pantazis, A., et al. (2008). Prevalence of exercise-induced left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in symptomatic patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 94(10), 1288–1294. Shah, J. S., Esteban, M. T., Thaman, R., Sharma, R., Mist, B., Pantazis, A., et al. (2008). Prevalence of exercise-induced left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in symptomatic patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 94(10), 1288–1294.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaglio, J. C., Jr., Ommen, S. R., Nishimura, R. A., Tajik, A. J., & Gersh, B. J. (2008). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with latent obstruction. American Heart Journal, 156(2), 342–347.CrossRefPubMed Vaglio, J. C., Jr., Ommen, S. R., Nishimura, R. A., Tajik, A. J., & Gersh, B. J. (2008). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with latent obstruction. American Heart Journal, 156(2), 342–347.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Elliott, P. M., Poloniecki, J., Dickie, S., Sharma, S., Monserrat, L., Varnava, A., et al. (2000). Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Identification of high risk patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 36(7), 2212–2218.CrossRefPubMed Elliott, P. M., Poloniecki, J., Dickie, S., Sharma, S., Monserrat, L., Varnava, A., et al. (2000). Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Identification of high risk patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 36(7), 2212–2218.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Ciampi, Q., Betocchi, S., Losi, M. A., Ferro, A., Cuocolo, A., Lombardi, R., et al. (2007). Abnormal blood-pressure response to exercise and oxygen consumption in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, 14(6), 869–875.CrossRefPubMed Ciampi, Q., Betocchi, S., Losi, M. A., Ferro, A., Cuocolo, A., Lombardi, R., et al. (2007). Abnormal blood-pressure response to exercise and oxygen consumption in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, 14(6), 869–875.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Kawasaki, T., Azuma, A., Kuribayashi, T., Akakabe, Y., Yamano, M., Miki, S., et al. (2008). Vagal enhancement due to subendocardial ischemia as a cause of abnormal blood pressure response in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. International Journal of Cardiology, 129(1), 59–64.CrossRefPubMed Kawasaki, T., Azuma, A., Kuribayashi, T., Akakabe, Y., Yamano, M., Miki, S., et al. (2008). Vagal enhancement due to subendocardial ischemia as a cause of abnormal blood pressure response in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. International Journal of Cardiology, 129(1), 59–64.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Cecchi, F., Olivotto, I., Gistri, R., Lorenzoni, R., Chiriatti, G., & Camici, P. G. (2003). Coronary microvascular dysfunction and prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(11), 1027–1035.CrossRefPubMed Cecchi, F., Olivotto, I., Gistri, R., Lorenzoni, R., Chiriatti, G., & Camici, P. G. (2003). Coronary microvascular dysfunction and prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(11), 1027–1035.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Petersen, S. E., Jerosch-Herold, M., Hudsmith, L. E., Robson, M. D., Francis, J. M., Doll, H. A., et al. (2007). Evidence for microvascular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: New insights from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation, 115(18), 2418–2425.CrossRefPubMed Petersen, S. E., Jerosch-Herold, M., Hudsmith, L. E., Robson, M. D., Francis, J. M., Doll, H. A., et al. (2007). Evidence for microvascular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: New insights from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation, 115(18), 2418–2425.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones, S., Elliott, P. M., Sharma, S., McKenna, W. J., & Whipp, B. J. (1998). Cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 80(1), 60–67. Jones, S., Elliott, P. M., Sharma, S., McKenna, W. J., & Whipp, B. J. (1998). Cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 80(1), 60–67.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharma, S., Elliott, P., Whyte, G., Jones, S., Mahon, N., Whipp, B., et al. (2000). Utility of cardiopulmonary exercise in the assessment of clinical determinants of functional capacity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. American Journal of Cardiology, 86(2), 162–168.CrossRefPubMed Sharma, S., Elliott, P., Whyte, G., Jones, S., Mahon, N., Whipp, B., et al. (2000). Utility of cardiopulmonary exercise in the assessment of clinical determinants of functional capacity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. American Journal of Cardiology, 86(2), 162–168.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Lele, S. S., Thomson, H. L., Seo, H., Belenkie, I., McKenna, W. J., & Frenneaux, M. P. (1995). Exercise capacity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Role of stroke volume limitation, heart rate, and diastolic filling characteristics. Circulation, 92(10), 2886–2894.PubMed Lele, S. S., Thomson, H. L., Seo, H., Belenkie, I., McKenna, W. J., & Frenneaux, M. P. (1995). Exercise capacity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Role of stroke volume limitation, heart rate, and diastolic filling characteristics. Circulation, 92(10), 2886–2894.PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Le, V. V., Perez, M. V., Wheeler, M. T., Myers, J., Schnittger, I., & Ashley, E. A. (2009). Mechanisms of exercise intolerance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. American Heart Journal, 158(3), e27–e34.CrossRefPubMed Le, V. V., Perez, M. V., Wheeler, M. T., Myers, J., Schnittger, I., & Ashley, E. A. (2009). Mechanisms of exercise intolerance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. American Heart Journal, 158(3), e27–e34.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Ingle, L. (2007). Theoretical rationale and practical recommendations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews, 12(1), 12–22.CrossRefPubMed Ingle, L. (2007). Theoretical rationale and practical recommendations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews, 12(1), 12–22.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Myers, J., Gullestad, L., Vagelos, R., Do, D., Bellin, D., Ross, H., et al. (1998). Clinical, hemodynamic, and cardiopulmonary exercise test determinants of survival in patients referred for evaluation of heart failure. Annals of Internal Medicine, 129(4), 286–293.PubMed Myers, J., Gullestad, L., Vagelos, R., Do, D., Bellin, D., Ross, H., et al. (1998). Clinical, hemodynamic, and cardiopulmonary exercise test determinants of survival in patients referred for evaluation of heart failure. Annals of Internal Medicine, 129(4), 286–293.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Flynn, K. E., Pina, I. L., Whellan, D. J., Lin, L., Blumenthal, J. A., Ellis, S. J., et al. (2009). Effects of exercise training on health status in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 301(14), 1451–1459.CrossRefPubMed Flynn, K. E., Pina, I. L., Whellan, D. J., Lin, L., Blumenthal, J. A., Ellis, S. J., et al. (2009). Effects of exercise training on health status in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 301(14), 1451–1459.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Connor, C. M., Whellan, D. J., Lee, K. L., Keteyian, S. J., Cooper, L. S., Ellis, S. J., et al. (2009). Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 301(14), 1439–1450.CrossRefPubMed O’Connor, C. M., Whellan, D. J., Lee, K. L., Keteyian, S. J., Cooper, L. S., Ellis, S. J., et al. (2009). Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 301(14), 1439–1450.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Myers, J. (2008). Principles of exercise prescription for patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews, 13(1), 61–68.CrossRefPubMed Myers, J. (2008). Principles of exercise prescription for patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews, 13(1), 61–68.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Pelliccia, F., Cianfrocca, C., Pristipino, C., Pasceri, V., Auriti, A., Richichi, G., et al. (2007). Cumulative exercise-induced left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. International Journal of Cardiology, 122(1), 76–78.CrossRefPubMed Pelliccia, F., Cianfrocca, C., Pristipino, C., Pasceri, V., Auriti, A., Richichi, G., et al. (2007). Cumulative exercise-induced left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. International Journal of Cardiology, 122(1), 76–78.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Sakata, K., Ino, H., Fujino, N., Nagata, M., Uchiyama, K., Hayashi, K., et al. (2008). Exercise-induced systolic dysfunction in patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mutations in the cardiac troponin genes. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 94(10), 1282–1287. Sakata, K., Ino, H., Fujino, N., Nagata, M., Uchiyama, K., Hayashi, K., et al. (2008). Exercise-induced systolic dysfunction in patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mutations in the cardiac troponin genes. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 94(10), 1282–1287.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Ashrafian, H., & Watkins, H. (2008). Exercise-induced ventricular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Stunning by any other name? Heart (British Cardiac Society), 94(10), 1251–1253. Ashrafian, H., & Watkins, H. (2008). Exercise-induced ventricular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Stunning by any other name? Heart (British Cardiac Society), 94(10), 1251–1253.
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Nguyen, L., Chung, J., Lam, L., Tsoutsman, T., & Semsarian, C. (2007). Abnormal cardiac response to exercise in a murine model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. International Journal of Cardiology, 119(2), 245–248.CrossRefPubMed Nguyen, L., Chung, J., Lam, L., Tsoutsman, T., & Semsarian, C. (2007). Abnormal cardiac response to exercise in a murine model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. International Journal of Cardiology, 119(2), 245–248.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Geisterfer-Lowrance, A. A., Christe, M., Conner, D. A., Ingwall, J. S., Schoen, F. J., Seidman, C. E., et al. (1996). A mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Science, 272(5262), 731–734.CrossRefPubMed Geisterfer-Lowrance, A. A., Christe, M., Conner, D. A., Ingwall, J. S., Schoen, F. J., Seidman, C. E., et al. (1996). A mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Science, 272(5262), 731–734.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Siscovick, D. S., Weiss, N. S., Fletcher, R. H., & Lasky, T. (1984). The incidence of primary cardiac arrest during vigorous exercise. New England Journal of Medicine, 311(14), 874–877.PubMedCrossRef Siscovick, D. S., Weiss, N. S., Fletcher, R. H., & Lasky, T. (1984). The incidence of primary cardiac arrest during vigorous exercise. New England Journal of Medicine, 311(14), 874–877.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Konhilas, J. P., Watson, P. A., Maass, A., Boucek, D. M., Horn, T., Stauffer, B. L., et al. (2006). Exercise can prevent and reverse the severity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation Research, 98(4), 540–548.CrossRefPubMed Konhilas, J. P., Watson, P. A., Maass, A., Boucek, D. M., Horn, T., Stauffer, B. L., et al. (2006). Exercise can prevent and reverse the severity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation Research, 98(4), 540–548.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Watson, P. A., Reusch, J. E., McCune, S. A., Leinwand, L. A., Luckey, S. W., Konhilas, J. P., et al. (2007). Restoration of CREB function is linked to completion and stabilization of adaptive cardiac hypertrophy in response to exercise. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 293(1), H246–H259.CrossRefPubMed Watson, P. A., Reusch, J. E., McCune, S. A., Leinwand, L. A., Luckey, S. W., Konhilas, J. P., et al. (2007). Restoration of CREB function is linked to completion and stabilization of adaptive cardiac hypertrophy in response to exercise. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 293(1), H246–H259.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat McMullen, J. R., Amirahmadi, F., Woodcock, E. A., Schinke-Braun, M., Bouwman, R. D., Hewitt, K. A., et al. (2007). Protective effects of exercise and phosphoinositide 3-kinase(p110alpha) signaling in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(2), 612–617.CrossRefPubMed McMullen, J. R., Amirahmadi, F., Woodcock, E. A., Schinke-Braun, M., Bouwman, R. D., Hewitt, K. A., et al. (2007). Protective effects of exercise and phosphoinositide 3-kinase(p110alpha) signaling in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(2), 612–617.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat McKelvie, R. S. (2008). Exercise training in patients with heart failure: Clinical outcomes, safety, and indications. Heart Failure Reviews, 13(1), 3–11.CrossRefPubMed McKelvie, R. S. (2008). Exercise training in patients with heart failure: Clinical outcomes, safety, and indications. Heart Failure Reviews, 13(1), 3–11.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Piepoli, M. F., Davos, C., Francis, D. P., & Coats, A. J. (2004). Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH). BMJ, 328(7433), 189.CrossRefPubMed Piepoli, M. F., Davos, C., Francis, D. P., & Coats, A. J. (2004). Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH). BMJ, 328(7433), 189.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat van Tol, B. A., Huijsmans, R. J., Kroon, D. W., Schothorst, M., & Kwakkel, G. (2006). Effects of exercise training on cardiac performance, exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Heart Failure, 8(8), 841–850.CrossRefPubMed van Tol, B. A., Huijsmans, R. J., Kroon, D. W., Schothorst, M., & Kwakkel, G. (2006). Effects of exercise training on cardiac performance, exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Heart Failure, 8(8), 841–850.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Frenneaux, M. P., Counihan, P. J., Caforio, A. L., Chikamori, T., & McKenna, W. J. (1990). Abnormal blood pressure response during exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 82(6), 1995–2002.PubMed Frenneaux, M. P., Counihan, P. J., Caforio, A. L., Chikamori, T., & McKenna, W. J. (1990). Abnormal blood pressure response during exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 82(6), 1995–2002.PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Prasad, K., Williams, L., Campbell, R., Elliott, P. M., McKenna, W. J., & Frenneaux, M. (2008). Episodic syncope in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Evidence for inappropriate vasodilation. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 94(10), 1312–1317. Prasad, K., Williams, L., Campbell, R., Elliott, P. M., McKenna, W. J., & Frenneaux, M. (2008). Episodic syncope in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Evidence for inappropriate vasodilation. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 94(10), 1312–1317.
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson, P. D., Buchner, D., Pina, I. L., Balady, G. J., Williams, M. A., Marcus, B. H., et al. (2003). Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation, 107(24), 3109–3116.CrossRefPubMed Thompson, P. D., Buchner, D., Pina, I. L., Balady, G. J., Williams, M. A., Marcus, B. H., et al. (2003). Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation, 107(24), 3109–3116.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Mozaffarian, D., Wilson, P. W., & Kannel, W. B. (2008). Beyond established and novel risk factors: Lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 117(23), 3031–3038.CrossRefPubMed Mozaffarian, D., Wilson, P. W., & Kannel, W. B. (2008). Beyond established and novel risk factors: Lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 117(23), 3031–3038.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Djousse, L., Driver, J. A., & Gaziano, J. M. (2009). Relation between modifiable lifestyle factors and lifetime risk of heart failure. JAMA, 302(4), 394–400.CrossRefPubMed Djousse, L., Driver, J. A., & Gaziano, J. M. (2009). Relation between modifiable lifestyle factors and lifetime risk of heart failure. JAMA, 302(4), 394–400.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Maron, B. J., Thompson, P. D., Ackerman, M. J., Balady, G., Berger, S., Cohen, D., et al. (2007). Recommendations and considerations related to preparticipation screening for cardiovascular abnormalities in competitive athletes: 2007 update: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation, 115(12), 1643–1455.CrossRefPubMed Maron, B. J., Thompson, P. D., Ackerman, M. J., Balady, G., Berger, S., Cohen, D., et al. (2007). Recommendations and considerations related to preparticipation screening for cardiovascular abnormalities in competitive athletes: 2007 update: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation, 115(12), 1643–1455.CrossRefPubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Myers, J., Prakash, M., Froelicher, V., Do, D., Partington, S., & Atwood, J. E. (2002). Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(11), 793–801.CrossRefPubMed Myers, J., Prakash, M., Froelicher, V., Do, D., Partington, S., & Atwood, J. E. (2002). Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(11), 793–801.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Exercise in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
verfasst von
Sharlene M. Day
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2009
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research / Ausgabe 4/2009
Print ISSN: 1937-5387
Elektronische ISSN: 1937-5395
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-009-9134-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2009

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research 4/2009 Zur Ausgabe

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.