Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research 1/2015

01.02.2015

Development of Lipoprotein(a) siRNAs for Mechanism of Action Studies in Non-Human Primate Models of Atherosclerosis

verfasst von: Marija Tadin-Strapps, Michael Robinson, Lauretta Le Voci, Lori Andrews, Satya Yendluri, Stephanie Williams, Steve Bartz, Douglas G. Johns

Erschienen in: Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research | Ausgabe 1/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has recently been recognized as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. While plasma Lp(a) levels are correlated with cardiovascular risk, the mechanism by which this particle contributes to atherosclerosis is largely unknown. Although humanized transgenic mouse model has recently been described to study Lp(a) biology, non-human primates (NHP) are the only preclinical model available that allow study of the role of Lp(a) in atherosclerosis in an innate setting. We describe targeting of LPA using lipid nanoparticle formulated short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in lean rhesus macaque monkeys. We show >90 % LPA mRNA lowering in the liver and >95 % Lp(a) plasma reduction for over 3 weeks after a single siRNA dose. Given the potency of LPA siRNAs, siRNA approach may enable chronic reduction of Lp(a) in atherosclerotic NHP and help to unmask the role for Lp(a) in the genesis and progression of atherosclerosis in man.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bennet, A., Di Angelantonio, E., Erqou, S., Eiriksdottir, G., Sigurdsson, G., Woodward, M., Rumley, A., Lowe, G. D., Danesh, J., & Gudnason, V. (2008). Lipoprotein(a) levels and risk of future coronary heart disease: large-scale prospective data. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168, 598–608.CrossRefPubMed Bennet, A., Di Angelantonio, E., Erqou, S., Eiriksdottir, G., Sigurdsson, G., Woodward, M., Rumley, A., Lowe, G. D., Danesh, J., & Gudnason, V. (2008). Lipoprotein(a) levels and risk of future coronary heart disease: large-scale prospective data. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168, 598–608.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsimikas, S., Clopton, P., Brilaklis, E. S., Marcovina, S. M., Khera, A., Miller, E. R., de Lemos, J. A., & Witztum, J. L. (2009). Relationship of oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein B-100 particles to race/ethnicity, apolipoprotein(a) isoform size and cardiovascular risk factors: results from the Dallas Heart Study. Circulation, 119, 1711–1719.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Tsimikas, S., Clopton, P., Brilaklis, E. S., Marcovina, S. M., Khera, A., Miller, E. R., de Lemos, J. A., & Witztum, J. L. (2009). Relationship of oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein B-100 particles to race/ethnicity, apolipoprotein(a) isoform size and cardiovascular risk factors: results from the Dallas Heart Study. Circulation, 119, 1711–1719.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Clarke, R., Peden, J. F., Hopewell, J. C., Kyriakou, T., Goel, A., Heath, S. C., Parish, S., Barlera, S., Franzosi, M. G., Rust, S., Bennett, D., Silveira, A., Malarstig, A., Green, F. R., Lathrop, M., Gigante, B., Leander, K., de Faire, U., Seedorf, U., Hamsten, A., Collins, R., Watkins, H., Farrall, M., & PROCARDIS Consortium. (2009). Genetic variants associated with Lp(a) lipoprotein level and coronary disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 361, 2518–2528.CrossRefPubMed Clarke, R., Peden, J. F., Hopewell, J. C., Kyriakou, T., Goel, A., Heath, S. C., Parish, S., Barlera, S., Franzosi, M. G., Rust, S., Bennett, D., Silveira, A., Malarstig, A., Green, F. R., Lathrop, M., Gigante, B., Leander, K., de Faire, U., Seedorf, U., Hamsten, A., Collins, R., Watkins, H., Farrall, M., & PROCARDIS Consortium. (2009). Genetic variants associated with Lp(a) lipoprotein level and coronary disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 361, 2518–2528.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat McLean, J. W., Tomlinson, J. E., Kuang, W. J., Eaton, D. L., Chen, E. Y., Fless, G. M., Scanu, A. M., & Lawn, R. M. (1987). cDNA sequence of human apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen. Nature, 330, 132–137.CrossRefPubMed McLean, J. W., Tomlinson, J. E., Kuang, W. J., Eaton, D. L., Chen, E. Y., Fless, G. M., Scanu, A. M., & Lawn, R. M. (1987). cDNA sequence of human apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen. Nature, 330, 132–137.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Lackner, C., Cohen, J. C., & Hobbs, H. H. (1993). Molecular definition of the extreme size polymorphism in apolipoprotein(a). Human Molecular Genetics, 2, 933–940.CrossRefPubMed Lackner, C., Cohen, J. C., & Hobbs, H. H. (1993). Molecular definition of the extreme size polymorphism in apolipoprotein(a). Human Molecular Genetics, 2, 933–940.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Marcovina, S. M., Albers, J. J., Wijsman, E., Zhang, Z. H., Chapman, N. H., & Kennedy, H. (1996). Differences in Lp(a) concentrations and apo(a) polymorphs between black and white Americans. Journal of Lipid Research, 37, 2569–2585.PubMed Marcovina, S. M., Albers, J. J., Wijsman, E., Zhang, Z. H., Chapman, N. H., & Kennedy, H. (1996). Differences in Lp(a) concentrations and apo(a) polymorphs between black and white Americans. Journal of Lipid Research, 37, 2569–2585.PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, Y., Luke, M. M., Shiffman, D., & Devlin, J. J. (2011). Genetic variants in the apolipoprotein(a) gene and coronary heart disease. Circulation. Cardiovascular Genetics, 4, 565–573.CrossRefPubMed Li, Y., Luke, M. M., Shiffman, D., & Devlin, J. J. (2011). Genetic variants in the apolipoprotein(a) gene and coronary heart disease. Circulation. Cardiovascular Genetics, 4, 565–573.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Merki, E., Graham, M. J., Mullick, A. E., Miller, E. R., Crooke, R. M., Pitas, R. E., Witztum, J. L., & Tsimikas, S. (2008). Antisense oligonucleotide directed to human apolipoprotein B-100 reduces lipoprotein(a) levels and oxidized phospholipids on human apolipoprotein B-100 particles in lipoprotein(a) transgenic mice. Circulation, 118, 743–753.CrossRefPubMed Merki, E., Graham, M. J., Mullick, A. E., Miller, E. R., Crooke, R. M., Pitas, R. E., Witztum, J. L., & Tsimikas, S. (2008). Antisense oligonucleotide directed to human apolipoprotein B-100 reduces lipoprotein(a) levels and oxidized phospholipids on human apolipoprotein B-100 particles in lipoprotein(a) transgenic mice. Circulation, 118, 743–753.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Tomari, Y., & Zamore, P. D. (2005). Perspective: machines for RNAi. Genes and Development, 19, 517–529.CrossRefPubMed Tomari, Y., & Zamore, P. D. (2005). Perspective: machines for RNAi. Genes and Development, 19, 517–529.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bitko, V., Musiyenko, A., Shulyayeva, O., & Barok, S. (2005). Inhibition of respiratory viruses by nasally administered siRNA. Nature Medicine, 11, 50–55.CrossRefPubMed Bitko, V., Musiyenko, A., Shulyayeva, O., & Barok, S. (2005). Inhibition of respiratory viruses by nasally administered siRNA. Nature Medicine, 11, 50–55.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Querbes, W., Bogorad, R. L., Moslehi, J., Wong, J., Chan, A. Y., Bulgakova, E., Kuchimanchi, S., Akinc, A., Fitzgerald, K., Koteliansky, V., Jr., & Kaelin, W. G. (2012). Treatment of erythropoietin deficiency in mice with systemically administered siRNA. Blood, 120, 1916–1922.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Querbes, W., Bogorad, R. L., Moslehi, J., Wong, J., Chan, A. Y., Bulgakova, E., Kuchimanchi, S., Akinc, A., Fitzgerald, K., Koteliansky, V., Jr., & Kaelin, W. G. (2012). Treatment of erythropoietin deficiency in mice with systemically administered siRNA. Blood, 120, 1916–1922.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ason, B., Castro-Perez, J., Tep, S., Stefanni, A., Tadin-Strapps, M., Roddy, T., Hankemeier, T., Hubbard, B., Sachs, A. B., Flanagan, W. M., Kuklin, N. A., & Mitnaul, L. J. (2011). ApoB siRNA-induced liver steatosis is resistant to clearance by the loss of fatty acid transport protein 5 (Fatp5). Lipids, 46, 991–1003.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Ason, B., Castro-Perez, J., Tep, S., Stefanni, A., Tadin-Strapps, M., Roddy, T., Hankemeier, T., Hubbard, B., Sachs, A. B., Flanagan, W. M., Kuklin, N. A., & Mitnaul, L. J. (2011). ApoB siRNA-induced liver steatosis is resistant to clearance by the loss of fatty acid transport protein 5 (Fatp5). Lipids, 46, 991–1003.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Muroi, Y., Ru, F., Chou, Y. L., Carr, M. J., Undem, B. J., & Canning, B. J. (2013). Selective inhibition of vagal afferent nerve pathways regulating cough using NaV1.7 shRNA silencing in guinea pig nodose ganglia. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 304, R1017–R1023.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Muroi, Y., Ru, F., Chou, Y. L., Carr, M. J., Undem, B. J., & Canning, B. J. (2013). Selective inhibition of vagal afferent nerve pathways regulating cough using NaV1.7 shRNA silencing in guinea pig nodose ganglia. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 304, R1017–R1023.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayra, A., Tomimitsu, H., Kubodera, T., Kobayashi, M., Piao, W., Sunaga, F., Hirai, Y., Shimada, T., Mizusawa, H., & Yokota, T. (2011). Intraperitoneal AAV9-shRNA inhibits target expression in neonatal skeletal and cardiac muscles. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 405, 204–209.CrossRefPubMed Mayra, A., Tomimitsu, H., Kubodera, T., Kobayashi, M., Piao, W., Sunaga, F., Hirai, Y., Shimada, T., Mizusawa, H., & Yokota, T. (2011). Intraperitoneal AAV9-shRNA inhibits target expression in neonatal skeletal and cardiac muscles. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 405, 204–209.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Novobrantseva, T. I., Borodovsky, A., Wong, J., Klebanov, B., Zafari, M., Yucius, K., Querbes, W., Ge, P., Ruda, V. M., Milstein, S., Speciner, L., Duncan, R., Barros, S., Basha, G., Cullis, P., Akinc, A., Donahoe, J. S., Narayanannair Jayaprakash, K., Jayaraman, M., Bogorad, R. L., Love, K., Whitehead, K., Levins, C., Manoharan, M., Swirski, F. K., Weissleder, R., Langer, R., Anderson, D. G., de Fougerolles, A., Nahrendorf, M., & Koteliansky, V. (2012). Systemic RNAi-mediated gene silencing in nonhuman primate and rodent myeloid cells. Molecular Theraphy Nucleic Acids, 1, e4.CrossRef Novobrantseva, T. I., Borodovsky, A., Wong, J., Klebanov, B., Zafari, M., Yucius, K., Querbes, W., Ge, P., Ruda, V. M., Milstein, S., Speciner, L., Duncan, R., Barros, S., Basha, G., Cullis, P., Akinc, A., Donahoe, J. S., Narayanannair Jayaprakash, K., Jayaraman, M., Bogorad, R. L., Love, K., Whitehead, K., Levins, C., Manoharan, M., Swirski, F. K., Weissleder, R., Langer, R., Anderson, D. G., de Fougerolles, A., Nahrendorf, M., & Koteliansky, V. (2012). Systemic RNAi-mediated gene silencing in nonhuman primate and rodent myeloid cells. Molecular Theraphy Nucleic Acids, 1, e4.CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Zimmermann, T. S., Lee, A. C., Akinc, A., Bramlage, B., Bumcrot, D., Fedoruk, M. N., Harborth, J., Heyes, J. A., Jeffs, L. B., John, M., Judge, A. D., Lam, K., McClintock, K., Nechev, L. V., Palmer, L. R., Racie, T., Röhl, I., Seiffert, S., Shanmugam, S., Sood, V., Soutschek, J., Toudjarska, I., Wheat, A. J., Yaworski, E., Zedalis, W., Koteliansky, V., Manoharan, M., Vornlocher, H. P., & MacLachlan, I. (2006). RNAi-mediated gene silencing in non-human primates. Nature, 441, 111–114.CrossRefPubMed Zimmermann, T. S., Lee, A. C., Akinc, A., Bramlage, B., Bumcrot, D., Fedoruk, M. N., Harborth, J., Heyes, J. A., Jeffs, L. B., John, M., Judge, A. D., Lam, K., McClintock, K., Nechev, L. V., Palmer, L. R., Racie, T., Röhl, I., Seiffert, S., Shanmugam, S., Sood, V., Soutschek, J., Toudjarska, I., Wheat, A. J., Yaworski, E., Zedalis, W., Koteliansky, V., Manoharan, M., Vornlocher, H. P., & MacLachlan, I. (2006). RNAi-mediated gene silencing in non-human primates. Nature, 441, 111–114.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Coelho, T., Adams, D., Silva, A., Lozeron, P., Hawkins, P. N., Mant, T., Perez, J., Chiesa, J., Warrington, S., Tranter, E., Munisamy, M., Falzone, R., Harrop, J., Cehelsky, J., Bettencourt, B. R., Geissler, M., Butler, J. S., Sehgal, A., Meyers, R. E., Chen, Q., Borland, T., Hutabarat, R. M., Clausen, V. A., Alvarez, R., Fitzgerald, K., Gamba-Vitalo, C., Nochur, S. V., Vaishnaw, A. K., Sah, D. W., Gollob, J. A., & Suhr, O. B. (2013). Safety and efficacy of RNAi therapy for transthyretin amyloidosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 369, 819–829.CrossRefPubMed Coelho, T., Adams, D., Silva, A., Lozeron, P., Hawkins, P. N., Mant, T., Perez, J., Chiesa, J., Warrington, S., Tranter, E., Munisamy, M., Falzone, R., Harrop, J., Cehelsky, J., Bettencourt, B. R., Geissler, M., Butler, J. S., Sehgal, A., Meyers, R. E., Chen, Q., Borland, T., Hutabarat, R. M., Clausen, V. A., Alvarez, R., Fitzgerald, K., Gamba-Vitalo, C., Nochur, S. V., Vaishnaw, A. K., Sah, D. W., Gollob, J. A., & Suhr, O. B. (2013). Safety and efficacy of RNAi therapy for transthyretin amyloidosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 369, 819–829.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Strapps, W. R., Pickering, V., Muiru, G. T., Rice, J., Orsborn, S., Polisky, B. A., Sachs, A., & Bartz, S. R. (2010). The siRNA sequence and guide strand overhangs are determinants of in vivo duration of silencing. Nucleic Acids Research, 38, 4788–4797.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Strapps, W. R., Pickering, V., Muiru, G. T., Rice, J., Orsborn, S., Polisky, B. A., Sachs, A., & Bartz, S. R. (2010). The siRNA sequence and guide strand overhangs are determinants of in vivo duration of silencing. Nucleic Acids Research, 38, 4788–4797.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Gindy, M. E., Leone, A. M., & Cunningham, J. J. (2012). Challenges in the pharmaceutical development of lipid-based short interfering ribonucleic acid therapeutics. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 9, 171–182.CrossRefPubMed Gindy, M. E., Leone, A. M., & Cunningham, J. J. (2012). Challenges in the pharmaceutical development of lipid-based short interfering ribonucleic acid therapeutics. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 9, 171–182.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Khoury, M., Louis-Plence, P., Escriou, V., Noel, D., Largeau, C., Cantos, C., Scherman, D., Jorgensen, C., & Apparailly, F. (2006). Efficient new cationic liposome formulation for systemic delivery of small interfering RNA silencing tumor necrosis factor alpha in experimental arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 54, 1867–1877.CrossRefPubMed Khoury, M., Louis-Plence, P., Escriou, V., Noel, D., Largeau, C., Cantos, C., Scherman, D., Jorgensen, C., & Apparailly, F. (2006). Efficient new cationic liposome formulation for systemic delivery of small interfering RNA silencing tumor necrosis factor alpha in experimental arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 54, 1867–1877.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrissey, D. V., Lockridge, J. A., Shaw, L., Blanchard, K., Jensen, K., Breen, W., Hartsough, K., Machemer, L., Radka, S., Jadhav, V., Vaish, N., Zinnen, S., Vargeese, C., Bowman, K., Shaffer, C. S., Jeffs, L. B., Judge, A., MacLachlan, I., & Polisky, B. (2005). Potent and persistent in vivo anti-HBV activity of chemically modified siRNAs. Nature Biotechnology, 23, 1002–1007.CrossRefPubMed Morrissey, D. V., Lockridge, J. A., Shaw, L., Blanchard, K., Jensen, K., Breen, W., Hartsough, K., Machemer, L., Radka, S., Jadhav, V., Vaish, N., Zinnen, S., Vargeese, C., Bowman, K., Shaffer, C. S., Jeffs, L. B., Judge, A., MacLachlan, I., & Polisky, B. (2005). Potent and persistent in vivo anti-HBV activity of chemically modified siRNAs. Nature Biotechnology, 23, 1002–1007.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Sonoke, S., Ueda, T., Fujiwara, K., Sato, Y., Takagaki, K., Hirabayashi, K., Ohgi, T., & Yano, J. (2008). Tumor regression in mice by delivery of Bcl-2 small interfering RNA with pegylated cationic liposomes. Cancer Research, 68, 8843–8851.CrossRefPubMed Sonoke, S., Ueda, T., Fujiwara, K., Sato, Y., Takagaki, K., Hirabayashi, K., Ohgi, T., & Yano, J. (2008). Tumor regression in mice by delivery of Bcl-2 small interfering RNA with pegylated cationic liposomes. Cancer Research, 68, 8843–8851.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Semple, S. C., Akinc, A., Chen, J., Sandhu, A. P., Mui, B. L., Cho, C. K., Sah, D. W., Stebbing, D., Crosley, E. J., Yaworski, E., Hafez, I. M., Dorkin, J. R., Qin, J., Lam, K., Rajeev, K. G., Wong, K. F., Jeffs, L. B., Nechev, L., Eisenhardt, M. L., Jayaraman, M., Kazem, M., Maier, M. A., Srinivasulu, M., Weinstein, M. J., Chen, Q., Alvarez, R., Barros, S. A., De, S., Klimuk, S. K., Borland, T., Kosovrasti, V., Cantley, W. L., Tam, Y. K., Manoharan, M., Ciufolini, M. A., Tracy, M. A., de Fougerolles, A., MacLachlan, I., Cullis, P. R., Madden, T. D., & Hope, M. J. (2010). Rational design of cationic lipids for siRNA delivery. Nature Biotechnology, 28, 172–176.CrossRefPubMed Semple, S. C., Akinc, A., Chen, J., Sandhu, A. P., Mui, B. L., Cho, C. K., Sah, D. W., Stebbing, D., Crosley, E. J., Yaworski, E., Hafez, I. M., Dorkin, J. R., Qin, J., Lam, K., Rajeev, K. G., Wong, K. F., Jeffs, L. B., Nechev, L., Eisenhardt, M. L., Jayaraman, M., Kazem, M., Maier, M. A., Srinivasulu, M., Weinstein, M. J., Chen, Q., Alvarez, R., Barros, S. A., De, S., Klimuk, S. K., Borland, T., Kosovrasti, V., Cantley, W. L., Tam, Y. K., Manoharan, M., Ciufolini, M. A., Tracy, M. A., de Fougerolles, A., MacLachlan, I., Cullis, P. R., Madden, T. D., & Hope, M. J. (2010). Rational design of cationic lipids for siRNA delivery. Nature Biotechnology, 28, 172–176.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Abrams, M. T., Koser, M. L., Seitzer, J., Williams, S., DiPietro, M., Wang, W., Shaw, A., Mao, X., Jadhav, V., Davide, J., Burke, P. A., Sachs, A., Stirdivant, S., & Sepp-Lorenzino, L. (2010). Evaluation of efficacy, Biodistribution, and inflammation for a potent siRNA nanoparticle: effect of Dexamethasone Co-treatment. Molecular Therapy, 18, 171–180.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Abrams, M. T., Koser, M. L., Seitzer, J., Williams, S., DiPietro, M., Wang, W., Shaw, A., Mao, X., Jadhav, V., Davide, J., Burke, P. A., Sachs, A., Stirdivant, S., & Sepp-Lorenzino, L. (2010). Evaluation of efficacy, Biodistribution, and inflammation for a potent siRNA nanoparticle: effect of Dexamethasone Co-treatment. Molecular Therapy, 18, 171–180.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Tep, S., Mihaila, R., Freeman, A., Pickering, V., Huynh, F., Tadin-Strapps, M., Stracks, A., Hubbard, B., Caldwell, J., Flanagan, W. M., Kuklin, N. A., & Ason, B. (2012). Rescue of Mtp siRNA-induced hepatic steatosis by DGAT2 siRNA silencing. Journal of Lipid Research, 53, 859–867.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Tep, S., Mihaila, R., Freeman, A., Pickering, V., Huynh, F., Tadin-Strapps, M., Stracks, A., Hubbard, B., Caldwell, J., Flanagan, W. M., Kuklin, N. A., & Ason, B. (2012). Rescue of Mtp siRNA-induced hepatic steatosis by DGAT2 siRNA silencing. Journal of Lipid Research, 53, 859–867.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Akdim, F., Visser, M. E., Tribble, D. L., Baker, B. F., Stroes, E. S., Yu, R., Flaim, J. D., Su, J., Stein, E. A., & Kastelein, J. J. (2010). Effect of mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibitor, on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. American Journal of Cardiology, 105, 1413–1419.CrossRefPubMed Akdim, F., Visser, M. E., Tribble, D. L., Baker, B. F., Stroes, E. S., Yu, R., Flaim, J. D., Su, J., Stein, E. A., & Kastelein, J. J. (2010). Effect of mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibitor, on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. American Journal of Cardiology, 105, 1413–1419.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Merki, E., Graham, M., Taleb, A., Leibundgut, G., Yang, X., Miller, E. R., Fu, W., Mullick, A. E., Lee, R., Willeit, P., Crooke, R. M., Witztum, J. L., & Tsimikas, S. (2011). Antisense oligonucleotide lowers plasma levels of apolipoprotein (a) and lipoprotein (a) in transgenic mice. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57, 1611–1621.CrossRefPubMed Merki, E., Graham, M., Taleb, A., Leibundgut, G., Yang, X., Miller, E. R., Fu, W., Mullick, A. E., Lee, R., Willeit, P., Crooke, R. M., Witztum, J. L., & Tsimikas, S. (2011). Antisense oligonucleotide lowers plasma levels of apolipoprotein (a) and lipoprotein (a) in transgenic mice. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57, 1611–1621.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Graham, M. X., Riney, S. J., Kim, T.-W., Zanardi, T., Fu, W., Bell, T., Lee, R. R., Mullick, A., & Crooke, R. (2012). Antisense inhibition of apolipoprotein(a) in cynomolgus monkeys significantly reduces plasma apolipoprotein(a) levels without affecting plasminogen or other major lipid classes. Circulation, 126, A:11050. Graham, M. X., Riney, S. J., Kim, T.-W., Zanardi, T., Fu, W., Bell, T., Lee, R. R., Mullick, A., & Crooke, R. (2012). Antisense inhibition of apolipoprotein(a) in cynomolgus monkeys significantly reduces plasma apolipoprotein(a) levels without affecting plasminogen or other major lipid classes. Circulation, 126, A:11050.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Sugiuchi, H., Irie, T., Uji, Y., Ueno, T., Chaen, T., Uekama, K., & Okabe, H. (1998). Homogeneous assay for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with triblock copolymer and alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate. Clinical Chemistry, 44, 522–531.PubMed Sugiuchi, H., Irie, T., Uji, Y., Ueno, T., Chaen, T., Uekama, K., & Okabe, H. (1998). Homogeneous assay for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with triblock copolymer and alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate. Clinical Chemistry, 44, 522–531.PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Baudhuin, L. M., Hartman, S. J., O’Brien, J. F., Meissner, I., Galen, R. S., Ward, J. N., Hogen, S. M., Branum, E. L., & McConnell, J. P. (2004). Electrophoretic measurement of lipoprotein(a) cholesterol in plasma with and without ultracentrifugation: comparison with an immunoturbidimetric lipoprotein(a) method. Clinical Biochemistry, 37, 481–488.CrossRefPubMed Baudhuin, L. M., Hartman, S. J., O’Brien, J. F., Meissner, I., Galen, R. S., Ward, J. N., Hogen, S. M., Branum, E. L., & McConnell, J. P. (2004). Electrophoretic measurement of lipoprotein(a) cholesterol in plasma with and without ultracentrifugation: comparison with an immunoturbidimetric lipoprotein(a) method. Clinical Biochemistry, 37, 481–488.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Seman, L. J., Jenner, J. L., McNamara, J. R., & Schaefer, E. J. (1994). Quantification of lipoprotein(a) in plasma by assaying cholesterol in lectin-bound plasma fraction. Clinical Chemistry, 40, 400–403.PubMed Seman, L. J., Jenner, J. L., McNamara, J. R., & Schaefer, E. J. (1994). Quantification of lipoprotein(a) in plasma by assaying cholesterol in lectin-bound plasma fraction. Clinical Chemistry, 40, 400–403.PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsimikas, S., Brilakis, E. S., Miller, E. R., McConnell, J. P., Lennon, R. J., Kornman, K. S., Witztum, J. L., & Berger, P. B. (2005). Oxidized phospholipids, Lp(a) lipoprotein, and coronary artery disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 353, 46–57.CrossRefPubMed Tsimikas, S., Brilakis, E. S., Miller, E. R., McConnell, J. P., Lennon, R. J., Kornman, K. S., Witztum, J. L., & Berger, P. B. (2005). Oxidized phospholipids, Lp(a) lipoprotein, and coronary artery disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 353, 46–57.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Boring, L., Gosling, J., Cleary, M., & Charo, I. F. (1998). Decreased lesion formation in CCR2-/- mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Nature, 394, 894–897.CrossRefPubMed Boring, L., Gosling, J., Cleary, M., & Charo, I. F. (1998). Decreased lesion formation in CCR2-/- mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Nature, 394, 894–897.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiesner, P., Tafelmeier, M., Chittka, D., Choi, S. H., Zhang, L., Byun, Y. S., Almazan, F., Yang, X., Iqbal, N., Chowdhury, P., Maisel, A., Witztum, J. L., Handel, T. M., Tsimikas, S., & Miller, Y. I. (2013). MCP-1 binds to oxidized LDL and is carried by lipoprotein(a) in human plasma. Journal of Lipid Research, 54, 1877–1883.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Wiesner, P., Tafelmeier, M., Chittka, D., Choi, S. H., Zhang, L., Byun, Y. S., Almazan, F., Yang, X., Iqbal, N., Chowdhury, P., Maisel, A., Witztum, J. L., Handel, T. M., Tsimikas, S., & Miller, Y. I. (2013). MCP-1 binds to oxidized LDL and is carried by lipoprotein(a) in human plasma. Journal of Lipid Research, 54, 1877–1883.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Rouy, D., Grailhe, P., Nigon, F., Chapman, J., & Angles-Cano, E. (1991). Lipoprotein(a) impairs generation of plasmin by fibrin-bound tissue-type plasminogen activator. In vitro studies in a plasma milieu. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, 11, 629–638.CrossRefPubMed Rouy, D., Grailhe, P., Nigon, F., Chapman, J., & Angles-Cano, E. (1991). Lipoprotein(a) impairs generation of plasmin by fibrin-bound tissue-type plasminogen activator. In vitro studies in a plasma milieu. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, 11, 629–638.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Feric, N. T., Boffa, M. B., Johnston, S. M., & Koschinsky, M. L. (2008). Apolipoprotein(a) inhibits the conversion of Glu-plasminogen to Lys-plasminogen: a novel mechanism for lipoprotein(a)-mediated inhibition of plasminogen activation. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 6, 2113–2120.CrossRefPubMed Feric, N. T., Boffa, M. B., Johnston, S. M., & Koschinsky, M. L. (2008). Apolipoprotein(a) inhibits the conversion of Glu-plasminogen to Lys-plasminogen: a novel mechanism for lipoprotein(a)-mediated inhibition of plasminogen activation. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 6, 2113–2120.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Nielsen, L. B. (1999). Atherogenecity of lipoprotein(a) and oxidized low density lipoprotein: insight from in vivo studies of arterial wall influx, degradation and efflux. Atherosclerosis, 143, 229–243.CrossRefPubMed Nielsen, L. B. (1999). Atherogenecity of lipoprotein(a) and oxidized low density lipoprotein: insight from in vivo studies of arterial wall influx, degradation and efflux. Atherosclerosis, 143, 229–243.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Ogorelkova, M., Gruber, A., & Utermann, G. (1999). Molecular basis of congenital lp(a) deficiency: a frequent apo(a) 'null' mutation in Caucasians. Human Molecular Genetics, 8, 2087–2096.CrossRefPubMed Ogorelkova, M., Gruber, A., & Utermann, G. (1999). Molecular basis of congenital lp(a) deficiency: a frequent apo(a) 'null' mutation in Caucasians. Human Molecular Genetics, 8, 2087–2096.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Callow, M. J., Verstuyft, J., Tangirala, R., Palinski, W., & Rubin, E. M. (1995). Atherogenesis in transgenic mice with human apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein (a). Journal of Clinical Investigation, 96, 1639–1646.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Callow, M. J., Verstuyft, J., Tangirala, R., Palinski, W., & Rubin, E. M. (1995). Atherogenesis in transgenic mice with human apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein (a). Journal of Clinical Investigation, 96, 1639–1646.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Mancini, F. P., Newland, D. L., Mooser, V., Murata, J., Marcovina, S., Young, S. G., Hammer, R. E., Sanan, D. A., & Hobbs, H. H. (1995). Relative contributions of apolipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein-B to the development of fatty lesions in the proximal aorta of mice. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 15, 1911–1916.CrossRefPubMed Mancini, F. P., Newland, D. L., Mooser, V., Murata, J., Marcovina, S., Young, S. G., Hammer, R. E., Sanan, D. A., & Hobbs, H. H. (1995). Relative contributions of apolipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein-B to the development of fatty lesions in the proximal aorta of mice. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 15, 1911–1916.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanan, D. A., Newland, D. L., Tao, R., Marcovina, S., Wang, J., Mooser, V., Hammer, R. E., & Hobbs, H. H. (1998). Low density lipoprotein receptor-negative mice expressing human apolipoprotein B-100 develop complex atherosclerotic lesions on a chow diet: no accentuation by apolipoprotein(a). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 4544–4549.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Sanan, D. A., Newland, D. L., Tao, R., Marcovina, S., Wang, J., Mooser, V., Hammer, R. E., & Hobbs, H. H. (1998). Low density lipoprotein receptor-negative mice expressing human apolipoprotein B-100 develop complex atherosclerotic lesions on a chow diet: no accentuation by apolipoprotein(a). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 4544–4549.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Fan, J., Shimoyamada, H., Sun, H., Marcovina, S., Honda, K., & Watanabe, T. (2001). Transgenic rabbits expressing human apolipoprotein(a) develop more extensive atherosclerotic lesions in response to a cholesterol-rich diet. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 21, 88–94.CrossRefPubMed Fan, J., Shimoyamada, H., Sun, H., Marcovina, S., Honda, K., & Watanabe, T. (2001). Transgenic rabbits expressing human apolipoprotein(a) develop more extensive atherosclerotic lesions in response to a cholesterol-rich diet. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 21, 88–94.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Fan, J., Sun, H., Unoki, H., Shiomi, M., & Watanabe, T. (2001). Enhanced atherosclerosis in Lp(a) WHHL transgenic rabbits. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 947, 362–365.CrossRefPubMed Fan, J., Sun, H., Unoki, H., Shiomi, M., & Watanabe, T. (2001). Enhanced atherosclerosis in Lp(a) WHHL transgenic rabbits. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 947, 362–365.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Development of Lipoprotein(a) siRNAs for Mechanism of Action Studies in Non-Human Primate Models of Atherosclerosis
verfasst von
Marija Tadin-Strapps
Michael Robinson
Lauretta Le Voci
Lori Andrews
Satya Yendluri
Stephanie Williams
Steve Bartz
Douglas G. Johns
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 1937-5387
Elektronische ISSN: 1937-5395
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-014-9605-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2015

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research 1/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.