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Diverse macrophages polarization in tumor microenvironment

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Abstract

Macrophages are traditional innate immune cells that play critical roles in the clearance of pathogens and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Accumulating evidence proves that macrophages affect cancer initiation and malignancy. Macrophages can be categorized into two extreme subsets, classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages based on their distinct functional abilities in response to microenvironmental stimuli. In a tumor microenvironment, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered to be of the polarized M2 phenotype that enhances tumor progression and represent a poor prognosis. Furthermore, TAMs enhance tumor angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression by secreting a series of cytokines, chemokines, and proteases. The regulation of macrophage polarization is considered to be a potential future therapy for cancer management.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Basic Science Research program through the National Research Foundation of KOREA (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2015R1C1A1A02037462).

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  1. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul, 05002, Republic of Korea

    Inmoo Rhee

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Rhee, I. Diverse macrophages polarization in tumor microenvironment. Arch. Pharm. Res. 39, 1588–1596 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-016-0820-y

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