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The changing role of axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer

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Abstract

Currently, it is standard practice that patients with negative sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) do not undergo axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), whereas ALND is mandated in those with positive SLNs. However, the Z0011 trial showed that ALND could be safely omitted in selected patients with positive SLNs. This article presents a review and discussion of the current role and practice of ALND in the surgical management of breast cancer. A review of the English-language medical literature was performed using the MEDLINE database and cross-referencing major articles on the subject. It may be concluded that ALND can be avoided not only in patients with negative SLNs but also in those with positive SLNs who undergo breast-conserving therapy with whole-breast irradiation and appropriate systemic therapy. However, the omission of ALND would be indicated only in patients with a low axillary tumor burden. On the other hand, ALND remains a standard method of treating regional disease not only in patients with clinically positive nodes but also in other SLN-positive patients who do not meet the above criteria. Although the role of ALND has been limited to the prevention of axillary recurrence, SLN biopsy with whole-breast irradiation and systemic therapy can replace ALND in patients with a low axillary tumor burden.

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Abbreviations

ACOSOG:

American College of Surgeons Oncology Group

AJCC:

American Joint Committee on Cancer

ALND:

Axillary lymph node dissection

H&E:

Hematoxylin–eosin

ITC:

Isolated tumor cells

MSKCC:

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

NSABP:

National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project

SLN:

Sentinel lymph node

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Conflict of interest

The author indicated no potential conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada-daigaku 1-1, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan

    Masakuni Noguchi, Emi Morioka, Yukako Ohno, Miki Noguchi, Yasuharu Nakano & Takeo Kosaka

Authors
  1. Masakuni Noguchi
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  2. Emi Morioka
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  3. Yukako Ohno
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  4. Miki Noguchi
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  5. Yasuharu Nakano
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  6. Takeo Kosaka
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Correspondence to Masakuni Noguchi.

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Noguchi, M., Morioka, E., Ohno, Y. et al. The changing role of axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer. Breast Cancer 20, 41–46 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-012-0416-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-012-0416-4

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