Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 1/2018

01.02.2018 | ASNC/SNMMI POSITION STATEMENT

Clinical Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow Using PET: Joint Position Paper of the SNMMI Cardiovascular Council and the ASNC

verfasst von: Venkatesh L. Murthy, Timothy M. Bateman, Rob S. Beanlands, Daniel S. Berman, Salvador Borges-Neto, Panithaya Chareonthaitawee, Manuel D. Cerqueira, Robert A. deKemp, E. Gordon DePuey, Vasken Dilsizian, Sharmila Dorbala, Edward P. Ficaro, Ernest V. Garcia, Henry Gewirtz, Gary V. Heller, Howard C. Lewin, Saurabh Malhotra, April Mann, Terrence D. Ruddy, Thomas H. Schindler, Ronald G. Schwartz, Piotr J. Slomka, Prem Soman, Marcelo F. Di Carli, Andrew Einstein, Raymond Russell, James R. Corbett

Erschienen in: Journal of Nuclear Cardiology | Ausgabe 1/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Excerpt

Writing Group
Venkatesh L. Murthy (cochair)*
Timothy M. Bateman
Rob S. Beanlands
Daniel S. Berman§
Salvador Borges-Neto
Panithaya Chareonthaitawee
Manuel D. Cerqueira#
Robert A. deKemp
E. Gordon DePuey**
Vasken Dilsizian††
Sharmila Dorbala‡‡
Edward P. Ficaro§§
Ernest V. Garcia∥∥
Henry Gewirtz¶¶
Gary V. Heller##
Howard C. Lewin***
Saurabh Malhotra†††
April Mann‡‡‡
Terrence D. Ruddy
Thomas H. Schindler§§§
Ronald G. Schwartz∥∥∥
Piotr J. Slomka§
Prem Soman¶¶¶
Marcelo F. Di Carli (cochair)‡‡
*Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO; National Cardiac PET Centre, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; §Departments of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; #Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; **Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mt. Sinai St. Luke’s and Mt. Sinai West Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY; ††Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; ‡‡Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA; §§Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ∥∥Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ¶¶Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; ##Gagnon Cardiovascular Institute, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ; ***Cardiac Imaging Associates, Los Angeles, CA; †††Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; ‡‡‡Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT; §§§Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; ∥∥∥Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, and Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; and ¶¶¶Division of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
Expert Content Reviewers
Andrew Einstein###
Raymond Russell****
James R. Corbett††††
SNMMI Cardiovascular Council Board of Directors, and ASNC Board of Directors
###Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center and New York–Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; ****Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; and ††††Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bateman TM, Maddahi J, Gray RJ, et al. Diffuse slow washout of myocardial thallium-201: a new scintigraphic indicator of extensive coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984;4:55–64.PubMedCrossRef Bateman TM, Maddahi J, Gray RJ, et al. Diffuse slow washout of myocardial thallium-201: a new scintigraphic indicator of extensive coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984;4:55–64.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Lima RSL, Watson DD, Goode AR, et al. Incremental value of combined perfusion and function over perfusion alone by gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of severe three-vessel coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:64–70.PubMedCrossRef Lima RSL, Watson DD, Goode AR, et al. Incremental value of combined perfusion and function over perfusion alone by gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of severe three-vessel coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:64–70.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Maddahi J, Garcia EV, Berman DS, Waxman A, Swan HJ, Forrester J. Improved noninvasive assessment of coronary artery disease by quantitative analysis of regional stress myocardial distribution and washout of thallium-201. Circulation. 1981;64:924–35.PubMedCrossRef Maddahi J, Garcia EV, Berman DS, Waxman A, Swan HJ, Forrester J. Improved noninvasive assessment of coronary artery disease by quantitative analysis of regional stress myocardial distribution and washout of thallium-201. Circulation. 1981;64:924–35.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Berman DS, Kang X, Slomka PJ, et al. Underestimation of extent of ischemia by gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with left main coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:521–8.PubMedCrossRef Berman DS, Kang X, Slomka PJ, et al. Underestimation of extent of ischemia by gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with left main coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:521–8.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Watson DD, Glover DK. Overview of tracer kinetics and cellular mechanisms of uptake. In: Beller GA, Zaret BA, editors. Clinical nuclear cardiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby; 2010. p. 3–13.CrossRef Watson DD, Glover DK. Overview of tracer kinetics and cellular mechanisms of uptake. In: Beller GA, Zaret BA, editors. Clinical nuclear cardiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby; 2010. p. 3–13.CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Shanoudy H, Raggi P, Beller GA, et al. Comparison of technetium-99 m tetrofosmin and thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging for detection of myocardial perfusion defects in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:331–7.PubMedCrossRef Shanoudy H, Raggi P, Beller GA, et al. Comparison of technetium-99 m tetrofosmin and thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging for detection of myocardial perfusion defects in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:331–7.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Soman P, Taillefer R, DePuey EG, Udelson JE, Lahiri A. Enhanced detection of reversible perfusion defects by Tc-99 m sestamibi compared to Tc-99 m tetrofosmin during vasodilator stress SPECT imaging in mild-to-moderate coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:458–62.PubMedCrossRef Soman P, Taillefer R, DePuey EG, Udelson JE, Lahiri A. Enhanced detection of reversible perfusion defects by Tc-99 m sestamibi compared to Tc-99 m tetrofosmin during vasodilator stress SPECT imaging in mild-to-moderate coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:458–62.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Moody JB, Lee BC, Corbett JR, Ficaro EP, Murthy VL. Precision and accuracy of clinical quantification of myocardial blood flow by dynamic PET: a technical perspective. J Nucl Cardiol. 2015;22:935–51.PubMedCrossRef Moody JB, Lee BC, Corbett JR, Ficaro EP, Murthy VL. Precision and accuracy of clinical quantification of myocardial blood flow by dynamic PET: a technical perspective. J Nucl Cardiol. 2015;22:935–51.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Murthy VL, Di Carli MF. Non-invasive quantification of coronary vascular dysfunction for diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19:1060–72.PubMedCrossRef Murthy VL, Di Carli MF. Non-invasive quantification of coronary vascular dysfunction for diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19:1060–72.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Gould KL, Johnson NP, Bateman TM, et al. Anatomic versus physiologic assessment of coronary artery disease: Role of coronary flow reserve, fractional flow reserve, and positron emission tomography imaging in revascularization decision-making. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:1639–53.PubMedCrossRef Gould KL, Johnson NP, Bateman TM, et al. Anatomic versus physiologic assessment of coronary artery disease: Role of coronary flow reserve, fractional flow reserve, and positron emission tomography imaging in revascularization decision-making. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:1639–53.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat CardioGen-82 Rubidium Rb 82 Generator [package insert]. Monroe Township, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics; April 2013. CardioGen-82 Rubidium Rb 82 Generator [package insert]. Monroe Township, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics; April 2013.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat RUBY-FILL (rubidium Rb 82 generator) [package insert]. Kirkland, Quebec, Canada: Jubilant DraxImage; November 2016. RUBY-FILL (rubidium Rb 82 generator) [package insert]. Kirkland, Quebec, Canada: Jubilant DraxImage; November 2016.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu M, Guaraldi MT, Mistry M, et al. BMS-747158-02: a novel PET myocardial perfusion imaging agent. J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:789–98.PubMedCrossRef Yu M, Guaraldi MT, Mistry M, et al. BMS-747158-02: a novel PET myocardial perfusion imaging agent. J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:789–98.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Sherif HM, Nekolla SG, Saraste A, et al. Simplified quantification of myocardial flow reserve with flurpiridaz F 18: validation with microspheres in a pig model. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:617–24.PubMedCrossRef Sherif HM, Nekolla SG, Saraste A, et al. Simplified quantification of myocardial flow reserve with flurpiridaz F 18: validation with microspheres in a pig model. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:617–24.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Renaud JM, Yip K, Guimond J, et al. Characterization of 3-dimensional PET systems for accurate quantification of myocardial blood flow. J Nucl Med. 2017;58:103–9.PubMedCrossRef Renaud JM, Yip K, Guimond J, et al. Characterization of 3-dimensional PET systems for accurate quantification of myocardial blood flow. J Nucl Med. 2017;58:103–9.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Keiding S, Sørensen M, Munk OL, Bender D. Human 13N-ammonia PET studies: The importance of measuring 13N-ammonia metabolites in blood. Metab Brain Dis. 2010;25:49–56.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Keiding S, Sørensen M, Munk OL, Bender D. Human 13N-ammonia PET studies: The importance of measuring 13N-ammonia metabolites in blood. Metab Brain Dis. 2010;25:49–56.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoshida K, Mullani N, Gould KL. Coronary flow and flow reserve by PET simplified for clinical applications using rubidium-82 or nitrogen-13-ammonia. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1701–12.PubMed Yoshida K, Mullani N, Gould KL. Coronary flow and flow reserve by PET simplified for clinical applications using rubidium-82 or nitrogen-13-ammonia. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1701–12.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Morris ED, Endres CJ, Schmidt KC, Christian BT, Muzic RF Jr, Fisher RE. Kinetic modeling in positron emission tomography. In: Wernick MN, Aarsvold JN, editors. Emission tomography. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2004. p. 499–540.CrossRef Morris ED, Endres CJ, Schmidt KC, Christian BT, Muzic RF Jr, Fisher RE. Kinetic modeling in positron emission tomography. In: Wernick MN, Aarsvold JN, editors. Emission tomography. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2004. p. 499–540.CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat deKemp RA, Yoshinaga K, Beanlands RSB. Will 3-dimensional PET-CT enable the routine quantification of myocardial blood flow? J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:380–97.PubMedCrossRef deKemp RA, Yoshinaga K, Beanlands RSB. Will 3-dimensional PET-CT enable the routine quantification of myocardial blood flow? J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:380–97.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagamachi S, Czernin J, Kim AS, et al. Reproducibility of measurements of regional resting and hyperemic myocardial blood flow assessed with PET. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1626–31.PubMed Nagamachi S, Czernin J, Kim AS, et al. Reproducibility of measurements of regional resting and hyperemic myocardial blood flow assessed with PET. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1626–31.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Lortie M, Beanlands RSB, Yoshinaga K, Klein R, Dasilva JN, DeKemp RA. Quantification of myocardial blood flow with 82Rb dynamic PET imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007;34:1765–74.PubMedCrossRef Lortie M, Beanlands RSB, Yoshinaga K, Klein R, Dasilva JN, DeKemp RA. Quantification of myocardial blood flow with 82Rb dynamic PET imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007;34:1765–74.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson NP, Gould KL. Physiological basis for angina and ST-segment change: PET-verified thresholds of quantitative stress myocardial perfusion and coronary flow reserve. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:990–8.PubMedCrossRef Johnson NP, Gould KL. Physiological basis for angina and ST-segment change: PET-verified thresholds of quantitative stress myocardial perfusion and coronary flow reserve. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:990–8.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunter CRRN, Klein R, Beanlands RS, deKemp RA. Patient motion effects on the quantification of regional myocardial blood flow with dynamic PET imaging. Med Phys. 2016;43:1829.PubMedCrossRef Hunter CRRN, Klein R, Beanlands RS, deKemp RA. Patient motion effects on the quantification of regional myocardial blood flow with dynamic PET imaging. Med Phys. 2016;43:1829.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Raylman RR, Caraher JM, Hutchins GD. Sampling requirements for dynamic cardiac PET studies using image-derived input functions. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:440–7.PubMed Raylman RR, Caraher JM, Hutchins GD. Sampling requirements for dynamic cardiac PET studies using image-derived input functions. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:440–7.PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Klein R, Ocneanu A, Renaud JM, Ziadi MC, Beanlands RSB, deKemp RA. Consistent tracer administration profile improves test-retest repeatability of myocardial blood flow quantification with 82Rb dynamic PET imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-016-0698-6. Klein R, Ocneanu A, Renaud JM, Ziadi MC, Beanlands RSB, deKemp RA. Consistent tracer administration profile improves test-retest repeatability of myocardial blood flow quantification with 82Rb dynamic PET imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016. doi:https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s12350-016-0698-6.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Slomka PJ, Alexanderson E, Jácome R, et al. Comparison of clinical tools for measurements of regional stress and rest myocardial blood flow assessed with 13N-ammonia PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:171–81.PubMedCrossRef Slomka PJ, Alexanderson E, Jácome R, et al. Comparison of clinical tools for measurements of regional stress and rest myocardial blood flow assessed with 13N-ammonia PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:171–81.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Dekemp RA, Declerck J, Klein R, et al. Multisoftware reproducibility study of stress and rest myocardial blood flow assessed with 3D dynamic PET/CT and a 1-tissue-compartment model of 82Rb kinetics. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:571–7.PubMedCrossRef Dekemp RA, Declerck J, Klein R, et al. Multisoftware reproducibility study of stress and rest myocardial blood flow assessed with 3D dynamic PET/CT and a 1-tissue-compartment model of 82Rb kinetics. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:571–7.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Nesterov SV, Deshayes E, Sciagrà R, et al. Quantification of myocardial blood flow in absolute terms using 82Rb PET imaging: the RUBY-10 study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;11:1119–27.CrossRef Nesterov SV, Deshayes E, Sciagrà R, et al. Quantification of myocardial blood flow in absolute terms using 82Rb PET imaging: the RUBY-10 study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;11:1119–27.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Tahari AK, Lee A, Rajaram M, et al. Absolute myocardial flow quantification with 82Rb PET/CT: comparison of different software packages and methods. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:126–35.PubMedCrossRef Tahari AK, Lee A, Rajaram M, et al. Absolute myocardial flow quantification with 82Rb PET/CT: comparison of different software packages and methods. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:126–35.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Henzlova MJ, Duvall WL, Einstein AJ, Travin MI, Verberne HJ. ASNC imaging guidelines for SPECT nuclear cardiology procedures: stress, protocols, and tracers. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016;23:606–39.PubMedCrossRef Henzlova MJ, Duvall WL, Einstein AJ, Travin MI, Verberne HJ. ASNC imaging guidelines for SPECT nuclear cardiology procedures: stress, protocols, and tracers. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016;23:606–39.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Böttcher M, Czernin J, Sun KT, Phelps ME, Schelbert HR. Effect of caffeine on myocardial blood flow at rest and during pharmacological vasodilation. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:2016–21.PubMed Böttcher M, Czernin J, Sun KT, Phelps ME, Schelbert HR. Effect of caffeine on myocardial blood flow at rest and during pharmacological vasodilation. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:2016–21.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Kubo S, Tadamura E, Toyoda H, et al. Effect of caffeine intake on myocardial hyperemic flow induced by adenosine triphosphate and dipyridamole. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:730–8.PubMed Kubo S, Tadamura E, Toyoda H, et al. Effect of caffeine intake on myocardial hyperemic flow induced by adenosine triphosphate and dipyridamole. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:730–8.PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Lapeyre AC, Goraya TY, Johnston DL, Gibbons RJ. The impact of caffeine on vasodilator stress perfusion studies. J Nucl Cardiol. 2004;11:506–11.PubMedCrossRef Lapeyre AC, Goraya TY, Johnston DL, Gibbons RJ. The impact of caffeine on vasodilator stress perfusion studies. J Nucl Cardiol. 2004;11:506–11.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kajander S, Joutsiniemi E, Saraste M, et al. Cardiac positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging accurately detects anatomically and functionally significant coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2010;122:603–13.PubMedCrossRef Kajander S, Joutsiniemi E, Saraste M, et al. Cardiac positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging accurately detects anatomically and functionally significant coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2010;122:603–13.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Mallah MH, Sitek A, Moore SC, Di Carli M, Dorbala S. Assessment of myocardial perfusion and function with PET and PET/CT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2010;17:498–513.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Al-Mallah MH, Sitek A, Moore SC, Di Carli M, Dorbala S. Assessment of myocardial perfusion and function with PET and PET/CT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2010;17:498–513.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsiao E, Ali B, Blankstein R, et al. Detection of obstructive coronary artery disease using regadenoson stress and 82Rb PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:1748–54.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hsiao E, Ali B, Blankstein R, et al. Detection of obstructive coronary artery disease using regadenoson stress and 82Rb PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:1748–54.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Czernin J, Auerbach M, Sun KT, Phelps M, Schelbert HR. Effects of modified pharmacologic stress approaches on hyperemic myocardial blood flow. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:575–80.PubMed Czernin J, Auerbach M, Sun KT, Phelps M, Schelbert HR. Effects of modified pharmacologic stress approaches on hyperemic myocardial blood flow. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:575–80.PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Bartunek J, Wijns W, Heyndrickx GR, de Bruyne B. Effects of dobutamine on coronary stenosis physiology and morphology: comparison with intracoronary adenosine. Circulation. 1999;100:243–9.PubMedCrossRef Bartunek J, Wijns W, Heyndrickx GR, de Bruyne B. Effects of dobutamine on coronary stenosis physiology and morphology: comparison with intracoronary adenosine. Circulation. 1999;100:243–9.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Petropoulakis PN, Pavlides GS, Manginas AN, Vassilikos VS, Cokkinos DV. Intracoronary flow velocity measurements in adjacent stenotic and normal coronary arteries during incremental intravenous dobutamine stress and intracoronary adenosine injection. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 1999;48:1–9.PubMedCrossRef Petropoulakis PN, Pavlides GS, Manginas AN, Vassilikos VS, Cokkinos DV. Intracoronary flow velocity measurements in adjacent stenotic and normal coronary arteries during incremental intravenous dobutamine stress and intracoronary adenosine injection. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 1999;48:1–9.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Tadamura E, Iida H, Matsumoto K, et al. Comparison of myocardial blood flow during dobutamine-atropine infusion with that after dipyridamole administration in normal men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:130–6.PubMedCrossRef Tadamura E, Iida H, Matsumoto K, et al. Comparison of myocardial blood flow during dobutamine-atropine infusion with that after dipyridamole administration in normal men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:130–6.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Fung AY, Gallagher KP, Buda AJ. The physiologic basis of dobutamine as compared with dipyridamole stress interventions in the assessment of critical coronary stenosis. Circulation. 1987;76:943–51.PubMedCrossRef Fung AY, Gallagher KP, Buda AJ. The physiologic basis of dobutamine as compared with dipyridamole stress interventions in the assessment of critical coronary stenosis. Circulation. 1987;76:943–51.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Li D, Dhawale P, Rubin PJ, Haacke EM, Gropler RJ. Myocardial signal response to dipyridamole and dobutamine: demonstration of the BOLD effect using a double-echo gradient-echo sequence. Magn Reson Med. 1996;36:16–20.PubMedCrossRef Li D, Dhawale P, Rubin PJ, Haacke EM, Gropler RJ. Myocardial signal response to dipyridamole and dobutamine: demonstration of the BOLD effect using a double-echo gradient-echo sequence. Magn Reson Med. 1996;36:16–20.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Skopicki HA, Abraham SA, Picard MH, Alpert NM, Fischman AJ, Gewirtz H. Effects of dobutamine at maximally tolerated dose on myocardial blood flow in humans with ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 1997;96:3346–52.PubMedCrossRef Skopicki HA, Abraham SA, Picard MH, Alpert NM, Fischman AJ, Gewirtz H. Effects of dobutamine at maximally tolerated dose on myocardial blood flow in humans with ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 1997;96:3346–52.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Danad I, Uusitalo V, Kero T, et al. Quantitative assessment of myocardial perfusion in the detection of significant coronary artery disease: cutoff values and diagnostic accuracy of quantitative [15O]H2O PET imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:1464–75.PubMedCrossRef Danad I, Uusitalo V, Kero T, et al. Quantitative assessment of myocardial perfusion in the detection of significant coronary artery disease: cutoff values and diagnostic accuracy of quantitative [15O]H2O PET imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:1464–75.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Farhad H, Dunet V, Bachelard K, Allenbach G, Kaufmann PA, Prior JO. Added prognostic value of myocardial blood flow quantitation in rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;14:1203–10.PubMedCrossRef Farhad H, Dunet V, Bachelard K, Allenbach G, Kaufmann PA, Prior JO. Added prognostic value of myocardial blood flow quantitation in rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;14:1203–10.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Hajjiri MM, Leavitt MB, Zheng H, Spooner AE, Fischman AJ, Gewirtz H. Comparison of positron emission tomography measurement of adenosine-stimulated absolute myocardial blood flow versus relative myocardial tracer content for physiological assessment of coronary artery stenosis severity and location. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:751–8.PubMedCrossRef Hajjiri MM, Leavitt MB, Zheng H, Spooner AE, Fischman AJ, Gewirtz H. Comparison of positron emission tomography measurement of adenosine-stimulated absolute myocardial blood flow versus relative myocardial tracer content for physiological assessment of coronary artery stenosis severity and location. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:751–8.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiechter M, Ghadri JR, Gebhard C, et al. Diagnostic value of 13N-ammonia myocardial perfusion PET: Added value of myocardial flow reserve. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:1230–4.PubMedCrossRef Fiechter M, Ghadri JR, Gebhard C, et al. Diagnostic value of 13N-ammonia myocardial perfusion PET: Added value of myocardial flow reserve. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:1230–4.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Herzog BA, Husmann L, Valenta I, et al. Long-term prognostic value of 13N-ammonia myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography added value of coronary flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:150–6.PubMedCrossRef Herzog BA, Husmann L, Valenta I, et al. Long-term prognostic value of 13N-ammonia myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography added value of coronary flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:150–6.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, et al. Improved cardiac risk assessment with noninvasive measures of coronary flow reserve. Circulation. 2011;124:2215–24.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, et al. Improved cardiac risk assessment with noninvasive measures of coronary flow reserve. Circulation. 2011;124:2215–24.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Parkash R, deKemp RA, Ruddy TD, et al. Potential utility of rubidium 82 PET quantification in patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 2004;11:440–9.PubMedCrossRef Parkash R, deKemp RA, Ruddy TD, et al. Potential utility of rubidium 82 PET quantification in patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 2004;11:440–9.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Ziadi MC, Dekemp RA, Williams K, et al. Does quantification of myocardial flow reserve using rubidium-82 positron emission tomography facilitate detection of multivessel coronary artery disease? J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19:670–80.PubMedCrossRef Ziadi MC, Dekemp RA, Williams K, et al. Does quantification of myocardial flow reserve using rubidium-82 positron emission tomography facilitate detection of multivessel coronary artery disease? J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19:670–80.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Ziadi MC, Dekemp RA, Williams KA, et al. Impaired myocardial flow reserve on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging predicts adverse outcomes in patients assessed for myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:740–8.PubMedCrossRef Ziadi MC, Dekemp RA, Williams KA, et al. Impaired myocardial flow reserve on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging predicts adverse outcomes in patients assessed for myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:740–8.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Murthy VL, Lee BC, Sitek A, et al. Comparison and prognostic validation of multiple methods of quantification of myocardial blood flow with 82Rb PET. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:1952–8.PubMedCrossRef Murthy VL, Lee BC, Sitek A, et al. Comparison and prognostic validation of multiple methods of quantification of myocardial blood flow with 82Rb PET. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:1952–8.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhave NM, Freed BH, Yodwut C, et al. Considerations when measuring myocardial perfusion reserve by cardiovascular magnetic resonance using regadenoson. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012;14:89.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bhave NM, Freed BH, Yodwut C, et al. Considerations when measuring myocardial perfusion reserve by cardiovascular magnetic resonance using regadenoson. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012;14:89.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Gould KL, Pan T, Loghin C, Johnson NP, Guha A, Sdringola S. Frequent diagnostic errors in cardiac PET/CT due to misregistration of CT attenuation and emission PET images: A definitive analysis of causes, consequences, and corrections. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1112–21.PubMedCrossRef Gould KL, Pan T, Loghin C, Johnson NP, Guha A, Sdringola S. Frequent diagnostic errors in cardiac PET/CT due to misregistration of CT attenuation and emission PET images: A definitive analysis of causes, consequences, and corrections. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1112–21.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajaram M, Tahari AK, Lee AH, et al. Cardiac PET/CT misregistration causes significant changes in estimated myocardial blood flow. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:50–4.PubMedCrossRef Rajaram M, Tahari AK, Lee AH, et al. Cardiac PET/CT misregistration causes significant changes in estimated myocardial blood flow. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:50–4.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen GP, Branch KR, Alessio AM, et al. Effect of reconstruction algorithms on myocardial blood flow measurement with 13N-ammonia PET. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1259–65.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chen GP, Branch KR, Alessio AM, et al. Effect of reconstruction algorithms on myocardial blood flow measurement with 13N-ammonia PET. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1259–65.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Peelukhana SV, Kerr H, Kolli KK, et al. Benefit of cardiac N-13 PET CFR for combined anatomical and functional diagnosis of ischemic coronary artery disease: a pilot study. Ann Nucl Med. 2014;28:746–60.PubMedCrossRef Peelukhana SV, Kerr H, Kolli KK, et al. Benefit of cardiac N-13 PET CFR for combined anatomical and functional diagnosis of ischemic coronary artery disease: a pilot study. Ann Nucl Med. 2014;28:746–60.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaufmann PA, Namdar M, Matthew F, et al. Novel Doppler assessment of intracoronary volumetric flow reserve: validation against PET in patients with or without flow-dependent vasodilation. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:1272–7.PubMed Kaufmann PA, Namdar M, Matthew F, et al. Novel Doppler assessment of intracoronary volumetric flow reserve: validation against PET in patients with or without flow-dependent vasodilation. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:1272–7.PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Merlet P, Mazoyer B, Hittinger L, et al. Assessment of coronary reserve in man: comparison between positron emission tomography with oxygen-15-labeled water and intracoronary Doppler technique. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:1899–904.PubMed Merlet P, Mazoyer B, Hittinger L, et al. Assessment of coronary reserve in man: comparison between positron emission tomography with oxygen-15-labeled water and intracoronary Doppler technique. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:1899–904.PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller DD, Donohue TJ, Wolford TL, et al. Assessment of blood flow distal to coronary artery stenoses: correlations between myocardial positron emission tomography and poststenotic intracoronary Doppler flow reserve. Circulation. 1996;94:2447–54.PubMedCrossRef Miller DD, Donohue TJ, Wolford TL, et al. Assessment of blood flow distal to coronary artery stenoses: correlations between myocardial positron emission tomography and poststenotic intracoronary Doppler flow reserve. Circulation. 1996;94:2447–54.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Shelton ME, Senneff MJ, Ludbrook PA, Sobel BE, Bergmann SR. Concordance of nutritive myocardial perfusion reserve and flow velocity reserve in conductance vessels in patients with chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:717–22.PubMed Shelton ME, Senneff MJ, Ludbrook PA, Sobel BE, Bergmann SR. Concordance of nutritive myocardial perfusion reserve and flow velocity reserve in conductance vessels in patients with chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:717–22.PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Stewart RE, Miller DD, Bowers TR, et al. PET perfusion and vasodilator function after angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:770–7.PubMed Stewart RE, Miller DD, Bowers TR, et al. PET perfusion and vasodilator function after angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:770–7.PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Bergmann SR, Herrero P, Markham J, Weinheimer CJ, Walsh MN. Noninvasive quantitation of myocardial blood flow in human subjects with oxygen-15-labeled water and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;14:639–52.PubMedCrossRef Bergmann SR, Herrero P, Markham J, Weinheimer CJ, Walsh MN. Noninvasive quantitation of myocardial blood flow in human subjects with oxygen-15-labeled water and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;14:639–52.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Chareonthaitawee P, Kaufmann PA, Rimoldi O, Camici PG. Heterogeneity of resting and hyperemic myocardial blood flow in healthy humans. Cardiovasc Res. 2001;50:151–61.PubMedCrossRef Chareonthaitawee P, Kaufmann PA, Rimoldi O, Camici PG. Heterogeneity of resting and hyperemic myocardial blood flow in healthy humans. Cardiovasc Res. 2001;50:151–61.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Czernin J, Müller P, Chan S, et al. Influence of age and hemodynamics on myocardial blood flow and flow reserve. Circulation. 1993;88:62–9.PubMedCrossRef Czernin J, Müller P, Chan S, et al. Influence of age and hemodynamics on myocardial blood flow and flow reserve. Circulation. 1993;88:62–9.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Prior JO, Schindler TH, Facta AD, et al. Determinants of myocardial blood flow response to cold pressor testing and pharmacologic vasodilation in healthy humans. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007;34:20–7.PubMedCrossRef Prior JO, Schindler TH, Facta AD, et al. Determinants of myocardial blood flow response to cold pressor testing and pharmacologic vasodilation in healthy humans. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007;34:20–7.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Quercioli A, Montecucco F, Pataky Z, et al. Improvement in coronary circulatory function in morbidly obese individuals after gastric bypass-induced weight loss: relation to alterations in endocannabinoids and adipocytokines. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2063–73.PubMedCrossRef Quercioli A, Montecucco F, Pataky Z, et al. Improvement in coronary circulatory function in morbidly obese individuals after gastric bypass-induced weight loss: relation to alterations in endocannabinoids and adipocytokines. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2063–73.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Quercioli A, Pataky Z, Vincenti G, et al. Elevated endocannabinoid plasma levels are associated with coronary circulatory dysfunction in obesity. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1369–78.PubMedCrossRef Quercioli A, Pataky Z, Vincenti G, et al. Elevated endocannabinoid plasma levels are associated with coronary circulatory dysfunction in obesity. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1369–78.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Tawakol A, Forgione MA, Stuehlinger M, et al. Homocysteine impairs coronary microvascular dilator function in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:1051–8.PubMedCrossRef Tawakol A, Forgione MA, Stuehlinger M, et al. Homocysteine impairs coronary microvascular dilator function in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:1051–8.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Bengel FM. Leaving relativity behind: quantitative clinical perfusion imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:749–51.PubMedCrossRef Bengel FM. Leaving relativity behind: quantitative clinical perfusion imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:749–51.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Sawada S, Muzik O, Beanlands RS, Wolfe E, Hutchins GD, Schwaiger M. Interobserver and interstudy variability of myocardial blood flow and flow-reserve measurements with nitrogen 13 ammonia-labeled positron emission tomography. J Nucl Cardiol. 1995;2:413–22.PubMedCrossRef Sawada S, Muzik O, Beanlands RS, Wolfe E, Hutchins GD, Schwaiger M. Interobserver and interstudy variability of myocardial blood flow and flow-reserve measurements with nitrogen 13 ammonia-labeled positron emission tomography. J Nucl Cardiol. 1995;2:413–22.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Schindler TH, Schelbert HR, Quercioli A, Dilsizian V. Cardiac PET imaging for the detection and monitoring of coronary artery disease and microvascular health. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3:623–40.PubMedCrossRef Schindler TH, Schelbert HR, Quercioli A, Dilsizian V. Cardiac PET imaging for the detection and monitoring of coronary artery disease and microvascular health. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3:623–40.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Tawakol A, Sims K, MacRae C, et al. Myocardial flow regulation in people with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes/myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers and other mitochondrial syndromes. Coron Artery Dis. 2003;14:197–205.PubMed Tawakol A, Sims K, MacRae C, et al. Myocardial flow regulation in people with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes/myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers and other mitochondrial syndromes. Coron Artery Dis. 2003;14:197–205.PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Krivokapich J, Czernin J, Schelbert HR. Dobutamine positron emission tomography: absolute quantitation of rest and dobutamine myocardial blood flow and correlation with cardiac work and percent diameter stenosis in patients with and without coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:565–72.PubMedCrossRef Krivokapich J, Czernin J, Schelbert HR. Dobutamine positron emission tomography: absolute quantitation of rest and dobutamine myocardial blood flow and correlation with cardiac work and percent diameter stenosis in patients with and without coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:565–72.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Krivokapich J, Smith GT, Huang SC, et al. 13N ammonia myocardial imaging at rest and with exercise in normal volunteers: quantification of absolute myocardial perfusion with dynamic positron emission tomography. Circulation. 1989;80:1328–37.PubMedCrossRef Krivokapich J, Smith GT, Huang SC, et al. 13N ammonia myocardial imaging at rest and with exercise in normal volunteers: quantification of absolute myocardial perfusion with dynamic positron emission tomography. Circulation. 1989;80:1328–37.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Schindler TH, Nitzsche EU, Olschewski M, et al. PET-measured responses of MBF to cold pressor testing correlate with indices of coronary vasomotion on quantitative coronary angiography. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:419–28.PubMed Schindler TH, Nitzsche EU, Olschewski M, et al. PET-measured responses of MBF to cold pressor testing correlate with indices of coronary vasomotion on quantitative coronary angiography. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:419–28.PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Mosher P, Ross J, McFate PA, Shaw RF. Control of coronary blood flow by an autoregulatory mechanism. Circ Res. 1964;14:250–9.PubMedCrossRef Mosher P, Ross J, McFate PA, Shaw RF. Control of coronary blood flow by an autoregulatory mechanism. Circ Res. 1964;14:250–9.PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Schindler TH, Zhang X, Vincenti G, et al. Diagnostic value of PET-measured heterogeneity in myocardial blood flows during cold pressor testing for the identification of coronary vasomotor dysfunction. J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:688–97.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Schindler TH, Zhang X, Vincenti G, et al. Diagnostic value of PET-measured heterogeneity in myocardial blood flows during cold pressor testing for the identification of coronary vasomotor dysfunction. J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:688–97.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Uren NG, Camici PG, Melin JA, et al. Effect of aging on myocardial perfusion reserve. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:2032–6.PubMed Uren NG, Camici PG, Melin JA, et al. Effect of aging on myocardial perfusion reserve. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:2032–6.PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Duvernoy CS, Rattenhuber J, Seifert-Klauss V, Bengel F, Meyer C, Schwaiger M. Myocardial blood flow and flow reserve in response to short-term cyclical hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Gend Specif Med. 2001;4(21–27):47. Duvernoy CS, Rattenhuber J, Seifert-Klauss V, Bengel F, Meyer C, Schwaiger M. Myocardial blood flow and flow reserve in response to short-term cyclical hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Gend Specif Med. 2001;4(21–27):47.
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Duvernoy CS, Meyer C, Seifert-Klauss V, et al. Gender differences in myocardial blood flow dynamics: lipid profile and hemodynamic effects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:463–70.PubMedCrossRef Duvernoy CS, Meyer C, Seifert-Klauss V, et al. Gender differences in myocardial blood flow dynamics: lipid profile and hemodynamic effects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:463–70.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Motivala AA, Rose PA, Kim HM, et al. Cardiovascular risk, obesity, and myocardial blood flow in postmenopausal women. J Nucl Cardiol. 2008;15:510–7.PubMedCrossRef Motivala AA, Rose PA, Kim HM, et al. Cardiovascular risk, obesity, and myocardial blood flow in postmenopausal women. J Nucl Cardiol. 2008;15:510–7.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Uren NG, Melin JA, De Bruyne B, Wijns W, Baudhuin T, Camici PG. Relation between myocardial blood flow and the severity of coronary-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1782–8.PubMedCrossRef Uren NG, Melin JA, De Bruyne B, Wijns W, Baudhuin T, Camici PG. Relation between myocardial blood flow and the severity of coronary-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1782–8.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Beanlands RSB, Muzik O, Melon P, et al. Noninvasive quantification of regional myocardial flow reserve in patients with coronary atherosclerosis using nitrogen-13 ammonia positron emission tomography: determination of extent of altered vascular reactivity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1465–75.PubMedCrossRef Beanlands RSB, Muzik O, Melon P, et al. Noninvasive quantification of regional myocardial flow reserve in patients with coronary atherosclerosis using nitrogen-13 ammonia positron emission tomography: determination of extent of altered vascular reactivity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1465–75.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Carli M, Czernin J, Hoh CK, et al. Relation among stenosis severity, myocardial blood flow, and flow reserve in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1995;91:1944–51.PubMedCrossRef Di Carli M, Czernin J, Hoh CK, et al. Relation among stenosis severity, myocardial blood flow, and flow reserve in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1995;91:1944–51.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Muzik O, Duvernoy C, Beanlands RSB, et al. Assessment of diagnostic performance of quantitative flow measurements in normal subjects and patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease by means of nitrogen-13 ammonia and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:534–40.PubMedCrossRef Muzik O, Duvernoy C, Beanlands RSB, et al. Assessment of diagnostic performance of quantitative flow measurements in normal subjects and patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease by means of nitrogen-13 ammonia and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:534–40.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Anagnostopoulos C, Almonacid A, Fakhri G, et al. Quantitative relationship between coronary vasodilator reserve assessed by 82Rb PET imaging and coronary artery stenosis severity. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35:1593–601.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Anagnostopoulos C, Almonacid A, Fakhri G, et al. Quantitative relationship between coronary vasodilator reserve assessed by 82Rb PET imaging and coronary artery stenosis severity. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35:1593–601.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoshinaga K, Katoh C, Manabe O, et al. Incremental diagnostic value of regional myocardial blood flow quantification over relative perfusion imaging with generator-produced rubidium-82 PET. Circ J. 2011;75:2628–34.PubMedCrossRef Yoshinaga K, Katoh C, Manabe O, et al. Incremental diagnostic value of regional myocardial blood flow quantification over relative perfusion imaging with generator-produced rubidium-82 PET. Circ J. 2011;75:2628–34.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Naya M, Murthy VL, Taqueti VR, et al. Preserved coronary flow reserve effectively excludes high-risk coronary artery disease on angiography. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:248–55.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Naya M, Murthy VL, Taqueti VR, et al. Preserved coronary flow reserve effectively excludes high-risk coronary artery disease on angiography. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:248–55.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Fukushima K, Javadi MS, Higuchi T, et al. Prediction of short-term cardiovascular events using quantification of global myocardial flow reserve in patients referred for clinical 82Rb PET perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:726–32.PubMedCrossRef Fukushima K, Javadi MS, Higuchi T, et al. Prediction of short-term cardiovascular events using quantification of global myocardial flow reserve in patients referred for clinical 82Rb PET perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:726–32.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Slart RHJA, Zeebregts CJ, Hillege HL, et al. Myocardial perfusion reserve after a PET-driven revascularization procedure: a strong prognostic factor. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:873–9.PubMedCrossRef Slart RHJA, Zeebregts CJ, Hillege HL, et al. Myocardial perfusion reserve after a PET-driven revascularization procedure: a strong prognostic factor. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:873–9.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Tio RA, Dabeshlim A, Siebelink H-MJ, et al. Comparison between the prognostic value of left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion reserve in patients with ischemic heart disease. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:214–9.PubMedCrossRef Tio RA, Dabeshlim A, Siebelink H-MJ, et al. Comparison between the prognostic value of left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion reserve in patients with ischemic heart disease. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:214–9.PubMedCrossRef
95.
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Hachamovitch R, Rozanski A, Shaw LJ, et al. Impact of ischaemia and scar on the therapeutic benefit derived from myocardial revascularization vs. medical therapy among patients undergoing stress-rest myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1012–24.PubMedCrossRef Hachamovitch R, Rozanski A, Shaw LJ, et al. Impact of ischaemia and scar on the therapeutic benefit derived from myocardial revascularization vs. medical therapy among patients undergoing stress-rest myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1012–24.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Gould KL, Johnson NP, Kaul S, et al. Patient selection for elective revascularization to reduce myocardial infarction and mortality: New lessons from randomized trials, coronary physiology, and statistics. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:e003099.PubMedCrossRef Gould KL, Johnson NP, Kaul S, et al. Patient selection for elective revascularization to reduce myocardial infarction and mortality: New lessons from randomized trials, coronary physiology, and statistics. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:e003099.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Taqueti VR, Hachamovitch R, Murthy VL, et al. Global coronary flow reserve is associated with adverse cardiovascular events independently of luminal angiographic severity and modifies the effect of early revascularization. Circulation. 2015;131:19–27.PubMedCrossRef Taqueti VR, Hachamovitch R, Murthy VL, et al. Global coronary flow reserve is associated with adverse cardiovascular events independently of luminal angiographic severity and modifies the effect of early revascularization. Circulation. 2015;131:19–27.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Grundy SM, Benjamin IJ, Burke GL, et al. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 1999;100:1134–46.PubMedCrossRef Grundy SM, Benjamin IJ, Burke GL, et al. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 1999;100:1134–46.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajagopalan N, Miller TD, Hodge DO, Frye RL, Gibbons RJ. Identifying high-risk asymptomatic diabetic patients who are candidates for screening stress single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:43–9.PubMedCrossRef Rajagopalan N, Miller TD, Hodge DO, Frye RL, Gibbons RJ. Identifying high-risk asymptomatic diabetic patients who are candidates for screening stress single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:43–9.PubMedCrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Shaw LJ, Iskandrian A. Prognostic value of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2004;11:171–85.PubMedCrossRef Shaw LJ, Iskandrian A. Prognostic value of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2004;11:171–85.PubMedCrossRef
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, et al. Association between coronary vascular dysfunction and cardiac mortality in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2012;126:1858–68.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, et al. Association between coronary vascular dysfunction and cardiac mortality in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2012;126:1858–68.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat U.S. Renal Data System. USRDS 2010 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2010. U.S. Renal Data System. USRDS 2010 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2010.
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Charytan DM, Wallentin L, Lagerqvist B, et al. Early angiography in patients with chronic kidney disease: A collaborative systematic review. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4:1032–43.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Charytan DM, Wallentin L, Lagerqvist B, et al. Early angiography in patients with chronic kidney disease: A collaborative systematic review. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4:1032–43.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Gruberg L, Mintz GS, Mehran R, et al. The prognostic implications of further renal function deterioration within 48 h of interventional coronary procedures in patients with pre-existent chronic renal insufficiency. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1542–8.PubMedCrossRef Gruberg L, Mintz GS, Mehran R, et al. The prognostic implications of further renal function deterioration within 48 h of interventional coronary procedures in patients with pre-existent chronic renal insufficiency. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1542–8.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Cooper WA, O’Brien SM, Thourani VH, et al. Impact of renal dysfunction on outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation. 2006;113:1063–70.PubMedCrossRef Cooper WA, O’Brien SM, Thourani VH, et al. Impact of renal dysfunction on outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation. 2006;113:1063–70.PubMedCrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Shin D-H, Choi D-J, Youn T-J, et al. Comparison of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity of iodixanol and iopromide in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography. Am J Cardiol. 2011;108:189–94.PubMedCrossRef Shin D-H, Choi D-J, Youn T-J, et al. Comparison of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity of iodixanol and iopromide in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography. Am J Cardiol. 2011;108:189–94.PubMedCrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Mallah MH, Hachamovitch R, Dorbala S, Di Carli MF. Incremental prognostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging in patients referred to stress single-photon emission computed tomography with renal dysfunction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:429–36.PubMedCrossRef Al-Mallah MH, Hachamovitch R, Dorbala S, Di Carli MF. Incremental prognostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging in patients referred to stress single-photon emission computed tomography with renal dysfunction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:429–36.PubMedCrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, et al. Coronary vascular dysfunction and prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:1025–34.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, et al. Coronary vascular dysfunction and prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:1025–34.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah NR, Charytan DM, Murthy VL, et al. Prognostic value of coronary flow reserve in patients with dialysis-dependent ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27:1823–9.PubMedCrossRef Shah NR, Charytan DM, Murthy VL, et al. Prognostic value of coronary flow reserve in patients with dialysis-dependent ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27:1823–9.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Majmudar MD, Murthy VL, Shah RV, et al. Quantification of coronary flow reserve in patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and its association with clinical outcomes. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16:900–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Majmudar MD, Murthy VL, Shah RV, et al. Quantification of coronary flow reserve in patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and its association with clinical outcomes. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16:900–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Bratis K, Child N, Terrovitis J, et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in overt diabetic cardiomyopathy. IJC Metab Endocr. 2014;5:19–23.CrossRef Bratis K, Child N, Terrovitis J, et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in overt diabetic cardiomyopathy. IJC Metab Endocr. 2014;5:19–23.CrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Cecchi F, Olivotto I, Gistri R, Lorenzoni R, Chiriatti G, Camici PG. Coronary microvascular dysfunction and prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1027–35.PubMedCrossRef Cecchi F, Olivotto I, Gistri R, Lorenzoni R, Chiriatti G, Camici PG. Coronary microvascular dysfunction and prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1027–35.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Dorbala S, Vangala D, Bruyere J, et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is related to abnormalities in myocardial structure and function in cardiac amyloidosis. JACC Heart Fail. 2014;2:358–67.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dorbala S, Vangala D, Bruyere J, et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is related to abnormalities in myocardial structure and function in cardiac amyloidosis. JACC Heart Fail. 2014;2:358–67.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalliokoski RJ, Kalliokoski KK, Sundell J, et al. Impaired myocardial perfusion reserve but preserved peripheral endothelial function in patients with Fabry disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2005;28:563–73.PubMedCrossRef Kalliokoski RJ, Kalliokoski KK, Sundell J, et al. Impaired myocardial perfusion reserve but preserved peripheral endothelial function in patients with Fabry disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2005;28:563–73.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Neglia D, Michelassi C, Trivieri MG, et al. Prognostic role of myocardial blood flow impairment in idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 2002;105:186–93.PubMedCrossRef Neglia D, Michelassi C, Trivieri MG, et al. Prognostic role of myocardial blood flow impairment in idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 2002;105:186–93.PubMedCrossRef
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Kofoed KF, Czernin J, Johnson J, et al. Effects of cardiac allograft vasculopathy on myocardial blood flow, vasodilatory capacity, and coronary vasomotion. Circulation. 1997;95:600–6.PubMedCrossRef Kofoed KF, Czernin J, Johnson J, et al. Effects of cardiac allograft vasculopathy on myocardial blood flow, vasodilatory capacity, and coronary vasomotion. Circulation. 1997;95:600–6.PubMedCrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Treasure CB, Vita J, Ganz P, et al. Loss of the coronary microvascular response to acetylcholine in cardiac transplant patients. Circulation. 1992;86:1156–64.PubMedCrossRef Treasure CB, Vita J, Ganz P, et al. Loss of the coronary microvascular response to acetylcholine in cardiac transplant patients. Circulation. 1992;86:1156–64.PubMedCrossRef
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Spes CH, Klauss V, Mudra H, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of serial dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a comparison with coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Circulation. 1999;100:509–15.PubMedCrossRef Spes CH, Klauss V, Mudra H, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of serial dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a comparison with coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Circulation. 1999;100:509–15.PubMedCrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Spes CH, Mudra H, Schnaack SD, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive diagnosis of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: A comparison with angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Am J Cardiol. 1996;78:168–74.PubMedCrossRef Spes CH, Mudra H, Schnaack SD, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive diagnosis of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: A comparison with angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Am J Cardiol. 1996;78:168–74.PubMedCrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson D, Koster MJ, Wagner RH, Heroux A, Barron JT. Single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging to detect cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;13:271–5.PubMedCrossRef Thompson D, Koster MJ, Wagner RH, Heroux A, Barron JT. Single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging to detect cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;13:271–5.PubMedCrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Manrique A, Bernard M, Hitzel A, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of myocardial perfusion gated SPECT in orthotopic heart transplant recipients. J Nucl Cardiol. 2010;17:197–206.PubMedCrossRef Manrique A, Bernard M, Hitzel A, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of myocardial perfusion gated SPECT in orthotopic heart transplant recipients. J Nucl Cardiol. 2010;17:197–206.PubMedCrossRef
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Hacker M, Hoyer HX, Uebleis C, et al. Quantitative assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy by real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography: a comparison with conventional echocardiographic analyses and [Tc99 m]-sestamibi SPECT. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2008;9:494–500.PubMed Hacker M, Hoyer HX, Uebleis C, et al. Quantitative assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy by real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography: a comparison with conventional echocardiographic analyses and [Tc99 m]-sestamibi SPECT. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2008;9:494–500.PubMed
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Kübrich M, Petrakopoulou P, Kofler S, et al. Impact of coronary endothelial dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome after heart transplantation. Transplantation. 2008;85:1580–7.PubMedCrossRef Kübrich M, Petrakopoulou P, Kofler S, et al. Impact of coronary endothelial dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome after heart transplantation. Transplantation. 2008;85:1580–7.PubMedCrossRef
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu Y-W, Chen Y-H, Wang S-S, et al. PET assessment of myocardial perfusion reserve inversely correlates with intravascular ultrasound findings in angiographically normal cardiac transplant recipients. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:906–12.PubMedCrossRef Wu Y-W, Chen Y-H, Wang S-S, et al. PET assessment of myocardial perfusion reserve inversely correlates with intravascular ultrasound findings in angiographically normal cardiac transplant recipients. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:906–12.PubMedCrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen-Auerbach M, Schöder H, Johnson J, et al. Relationship between coronary function by positron emission tomography and temporal changes in morphology by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1999;18:211–9.PubMedCrossRef Allen-Auerbach M, Schöder H, Johnson J, et al. Relationship between coronary function by positron emission tomography and temporal changes in morphology by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1999;18:211–9.PubMedCrossRef
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Mc Ardle BA, Davies RA, Chen L, et al. Prognostic value of rubidium-82 positron emission tomography in patients after heart transplant. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7:930–7.PubMedCrossRef Mc Ardle BA, Davies RA, Chen L, et al. Prognostic value of rubidium-82 positron emission tomography in patients after heart transplant. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7:930–7.PubMedCrossRef
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Jaeger BR, Bengel FM, Odaka K, et al. Changes in myocardial vasoreactivity after drastic reduction of plasma fibrinogen and cholesterol: a clinical study in long-term heart transplant survivors using positron emission tomography. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005;24:2022–30.PubMedCrossRef Jaeger BR, Bengel FM, Odaka K, et al. Changes in myocardial vasoreactivity after drastic reduction of plasma fibrinogen and cholesterol: a clinical study in long-term heart transplant survivors using positron emission tomography. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005;24:2022–30.PubMedCrossRef
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Kushwaha SS, Narula J, Narula N, et al. Pattern of changes over time in myocardial blood flow and microvascular dilator capacity in patients with normally functioning cardiac allografts. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:1377–81.PubMedCrossRef Kushwaha SS, Narula J, Narula N, et al. Pattern of changes over time in myocardial blood flow and microvascular dilator capacity in patients with normally functioning cardiac allografts. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:1377–81.PubMedCrossRef
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Preumont N, Berkenboom G, Vachiery J, et al. Early alterations of myocardial blood flow reserve in heart transplant recipients with angiographically normal coronary arteries. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2000;19:538–45.PubMedCrossRef Preumont N, Berkenboom G, Vachiery J, et al. Early alterations of myocardial blood flow reserve in heart transplant recipients with angiographically normal coronary arteries. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2000;19:538–45.PubMedCrossRef
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Murthy V, Naya M, Hachamovitch R, et al. Coronary vascular dysfunction and prognosis in patients age 75 and older [abstract]. J Nucl Med. 2012;53(suppl 1):22. Murthy V, Naya M, Hachamovitch R, et al. Coronary vascular dysfunction and prognosis in patients age 75 and older [abstract]. J Nucl Med. 2012;53(suppl 1):22.
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Mieres JH, Shaw LJ, Hendel RC, et al. American Society of Nuclear Cardiology consensus statement: Task Force on Women and Coronary Artery Disease—the role of myocardial perfusion imaging in the clinical evaluation of coronary artery disease in women [correction]. J Nucl Cardiol. 2003;10:95–101.PubMedCrossRef Mieres JH, Shaw LJ, Hendel RC, et al. American Society of Nuclear Cardiology consensus statement: Task Force on Women and Coronary Artery Disease—the role of myocardial perfusion imaging in the clinical evaluation of coronary artery disease in women [correction]. J Nucl Cardiol. 2003;10:95–101.PubMedCrossRef
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson BD, Shaw LJ, Buchthal SD, et al. Prognosis in women with myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary disease: Results from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Circulation. 2004;109:2993–9.PubMedCrossRef Johnson BD, Shaw LJ, Buchthal SD, et al. Prognosis in women with myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary disease: Results from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Circulation. 2004;109:2993–9.PubMedCrossRef
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Pepine CJ, Anderson RD, Sharaf BL, et al. Coronary microvascular reactivity to adenosine predicts adverse outcome in women evaluated for suspected ischemia: Results from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute WISE (Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:2825–32.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Pepine CJ, Anderson RD, Sharaf BL, et al. Coronary microvascular reactivity to adenosine predicts adverse outcome in women evaluated for suspected ischemia: Results from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute WISE (Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:2825–32.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Taqueti VR, Shaw LJ, Cook NR, et al. Excess cardiovascular risk in women relative to men referred for coronary angiography is associated with severely impaired coronary flow reserve, not obstructive disease. Circulation. 2017;135:566–77.PubMedCrossRef Taqueti VR, Shaw LJ, Cook NR, et al. Excess cardiovascular risk in women relative to men referred for coronary angiography is associated with severely impaired coronary flow reserve, not obstructive disease. Circulation. 2017;135:566–77.PubMedCrossRef
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Murthy VL, Naya M, Taqueti VR, et al. Effects of sex on coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac outcomes. Circulation. 2014;129:2518–27.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Murthy VL, Naya M, Taqueti VR, et al. Effects of sex on coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac outcomes. Circulation. 2014;129:2518–27.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Naya M, Murthy VL, Foster CR, et al. Prognostic interplay of coronary artery calcification and underlying vascular dysfunction in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:2098–106.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Naya M, Murthy VL, Foster CR, et al. Prognostic interplay of coronary artery calcification and underlying vascular dysfunction in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:2098–106.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Gould KL, Lipscomb K, Hamilton GW. Physiologic basis for assessing critical coronary stenosis: Instantaneous flow response and regional distribution during coronary hyperemia as measures of coronary flow reserve. Am J Cardiol. 1974;33:87–94.PubMedCrossRef Gould KL, Lipscomb K, Hamilton GW. Physiologic basis for assessing critical coronary stenosis: Instantaneous flow response and regional distribution during coronary hyperemia as measures of coronary flow reserve. Am J Cardiol. 1974;33:87–94.PubMedCrossRef
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Gould KL, Lipscomb K. Effects of coronary stenoses on coronary flow reserve and resistance. Am J Cardiol. 1974;34:48–55.PubMedCrossRef Gould KL, Lipscomb K. Effects of coronary stenoses on coronary flow reserve and resistance. Am J Cardiol. 1974;34:48–55.PubMedCrossRef
141.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiechter M, Gebhard C, Ghadri JR, et al. Myocardial perfusion imaging with 13N-ammonia PET is a strong predictor for outcome. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167:1023–6.PubMedCrossRef Fiechter M, Gebhard C, Ghadri JR, et al. Myocardial perfusion imaging with 13N-ammonia PET is a strong predictor for outcome. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167:1023–6.PubMedCrossRef
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Morton G, Chiribiri A, Ishida M, et al. Quantification of absolute myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease: Comparison between cardiovascular magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1546–55.PubMedCrossRef Morton G, Chiribiri A, Ishida M, et al. Quantification of absolute myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease: Comparison between cardiovascular magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1546–55.PubMedCrossRef
143.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Carli MF, Charytan D, McMahon GT, Ganz P, Dorbala S, Schelbert HR. Coronary circulatory function in patients with the metabolic syndrome. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1369–77.PubMedCrossRef Di Carli MF, Charytan D, McMahon GT, Ganz P, Dorbala S, Schelbert HR. Coronary circulatory function in patients with the metabolic syndrome. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1369–77.PubMedCrossRef
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Carli MF, Janisse J, Ager J, Grunberger G. Role of chronic hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1387–93.PubMedCrossRef Di Carli MF, Janisse J, Ager J, Grunberger G. Role of chronic hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1387–93.PubMedCrossRef
145.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Carli MF, Bianco-Batlles D, Landa ME, et al. Effects of autonomic neuropathy on coronary blood flow in patients with diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 1999;100:813–9.PubMedCrossRef Di Carli MF, Bianco-Batlles D, Landa ME, et al. Effects of autonomic neuropathy on coronary blood flow in patients with diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 1999;100:813–9.PubMedCrossRef
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaufmann PA, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Schäfers KP, Lüscher TF, Camici PG. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary microvascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:103–9.PubMedCrossRef Kaufmann PA, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Schäfers KP, Lüscher TF, Camici PG. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary microvascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:103–9.PubMedCrossRef
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Pitkänen O-P, Nuutila P, Raitakari OT, et al. Coronary flow reserve is reduced in young men with IDDM. Diabetes. 1998;47:248–54.PubMedCrossRef Pitkänen O-P, Nuutila P, Raitakari OT, et al. Coronary flow reserve is reduced in young men with IDDM. Diabetes. 1998;47:248–54.PubMedCrossRef
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Prior JO, Quiñones MJ, Hernandez-Pampaloni M, et al. Coronary circulatory dysfunction in insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2005;111:2291–8.PubMedCrossRef Prior JO, Quiñones MJ, Hernandez-Pampaloni M, et al. Coronary circulatory dysfunction in insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2005;111:2291–8.PubMedCrossRef
149.
Zurück zum Zitat Quiñones MJ, Hernandez-Pampaloni M, Schelbert H, et al. Coronary vasomotor abnormalities in insulin-resistant individuals. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:700–8.PubMedCrossRef Quiñones MJ, Hernandez-Pampaloni M, Schelbert H, et al. Coronary vasomotor abnormalities in insulin-resistant individuals. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:700–8.PubMedCrossRef
150.
Zurück zum Zitat Rana O, Byrne CD, Kerr D, et al. Acute hypoglycemia decreases myocardial blood flow reserve in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in healthy humans. Circulation. 2011;124:1548–56.PubMedCrossRef Rana O, Byrne CD, Kerr D, et al. Acute hypoglycemia decreases myocardial blood flow reserve in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in healthy humans. Circulation. 2011;124:1548–56.PubMedCrossRef
151.
Zurück zum Zitat von Scholten BJ, Hasbak P, Christensen TE, et al. Cardiac 82Rb PET/CT for fast and non-invasive assessment of microvascular function and structure in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2016;59:371–8.CrossRef von Scholten BJ, Hasbak P, Christensen TE, et al. Cardiac 82Rb PET/CT for fast and non-invasive assessment of microvascular function and structure in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2016;59:371–8.CrossRef
152.
Zurück zum Zitat Valenta I, Dilsizian V, Quercioli A, Schelbert H, Schindler T. The influence of insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes mellitus on vascular tone and myocardial blood flow. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2012;14:217–25.PubMedCrossRef Valenta I, Dilsizian V, Quercioli A, Schelbert H, Schindler T. The influence of insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes mellitus on vascular tone and myocardial blood flow. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2012;14:217–25.PubMedCrossRef
153.
Zurück zum Zitat Yokoyama I, Ohtake T, Momomura S, et al. Hyperglycemia rather than insulin resistance is related to reduced coronary flow reserve in NIDDM. Diabetes. 1998;47:119–24.PubMedCrossRef Yokoyama I, Ohtake T, Momomura S, et al. Hyperglycemia rather than insulin resistance is related to reduced coronary flow reserve in NIDDM. Diabetes. 1998;47:119–24.PubMedCrossRef
154.
Zurück zum Zitat Yokoyama I, Momomura S, Ohtake T, et al. Reduced myocardial flow reserve in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1472–7.PubMedCrossRef Yokoyama I, Momomura S, Ohtake T, et al. Reduced myocardial flow reserve in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1472–7.PubMedCrossRef
155.
Zurück zum Zitat Alexánderson E, Jácome R, Jiménez-Santos M, et al. Evaluation of the endothelial function in hypertensive patients with 13N-ammonia PET. J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19:979–86.PubMedCrossRef Alexánderson E, Jácome R, Jiménez-Santos M, et al. Evaluation of the endothelial function in hypertensive patients with 13N-ammonia PET. J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19:979–86.PubMedCrossRef
156.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamasaki S, Al Suwaidi J, Higano ST, Miyauchi K, Holmes DR Jr, Lerman A. Attenuated coronary flow reserve and vascular remodeling in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:1654–60.PubMedCrossRef Hamasaki S, Al Suwaidi J, Higano ST, Miyauchi K, Holmes DR Jr, Lerman A. Attenuated coronary flow reserve and vascular remodeling in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:1654–60.PubMedCrossRef
157.
Zurück zum Zitat Houghton JL, Frank MJ, Carr AA, von Dohlen TW, Prisant LM. Relations among impaired coronary flow reserve, left ventricular hypertrophy and thallium perfusion defects in hypertensive patients without obstructive coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:43–51.PubMedCrossRef Houghton JL, Frank MJ, Carr AA, von Dohlen TW, Prisant LM. Relations among impaired coronary flow reserve, left ventricular hypertrophy and thallium perfusion defects in hypertensive patients without obstructive coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:43–51.PubMedCrossRef
158.
Zurück zum Zitat Laine H, Raitakari OT, Niinikoski H, et al. Early impairment of coronary flow reserve in young men with borderline hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:147–53.PubMedCrossRef Laine H, Raitakari OT, Niinikoski H, et al. Early impairment of coronary flow reserve in young men with borderline hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:147–53.PubMedCrossRef
159.
Zurück zum Zitat Dayanikli F, Grambow D, Muzik O, Mosca L, Rubenfire M, Schwaiger M. Early detection of abnormal coronary flow reserve in asymptomatic men at high risk for coronary artery disease using positron emission tomography. Circulation. 1994;90:808–17.PubMedCrossRef Dayanikli F, Grambow D, Muzik O, Mosca L, Rubenfire M, Schwaiger M. Early detection of abnormal coronary flow reserve in asymptomatic men at high risk for coronary artery disease using positron emission tomography. Circulation. 1994;90:808–17.PubMedCrossRef
160.
Zurück zum Zitat Yokoyama I, Ohtake T, Momomura S, et al. Impaired myocardial vasodilation during hyperemic stress with dipyridamole in hypertriglyceridemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:1568–74.PubMedCrossRef Yokoyama I, Ohtake T, Momomura S, et al. Impaired myocardial vasodilation during hyperemic stress with dipyridamole in hypertriglyceridemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:1568–74.PubMedCrossRef
161.
Zurück zum Zitat Yokoyama I, Ohtake T, Momomura S, et al. Altered myocardial vasodilatation in patients with hypertriglyceridemia in anatomically normal coronary arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:294–9.PubMedCrossRef Yokoyama I, Ohtake T, Momomura S, et al. Altered myocardial vasodilatation in patients with hypertriglyceridemia in anatomically normal coronary arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:294–9.PubMedCrossRef
162.
Zurück zum Zitat Yokoyama I, Ohtake T, Momomura S, Nishikawa J, Sasaki Y, Omata M. Reduced coronary flow reserve in hypercholesterolemic patients without overt coronary stenosis. Circulation. 1996;94:3232–8.PubMedCrossRef Yokoyama I, Ohtake T, Momomura S, Nishikawa J, Sasaki Y, Omata M. Reduced coronary flow reserve in hypercholesterolemic patients without overt coronary stenosis. Circulation. 1996;94:3232–8.PubMedCrossRef
163.
Zurück zum Zitat Yokoyama I, Murakami T, Ohtake T, et al. Reduced coronary flow reserve in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1937–42.PubMed Yokoyama I, Murakami T, Ohtake T, et al. Reduced coronary flow reserve in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1937–42.PubMed
164.
Zurück zum Zitat Bozbas H, Pirat B, Demirtas S, et al. Evaluation of coronary microvascular function in patients with end-stage renal disease, and renal allograft recipients. Atherosclerosis. 2009;202:498–504.PubMedCrossRef Bozbas H, Pirat B, Demirtas S, et al. Evaluation of coronary microvascular function in patients with end-stage renal disease, and renal allograft recipients. Atherosclerosis. 2009;202:498–504.PubMedCrossRef
165.
Zurück zum Zitat Charytan DM, Shelbert HR, Di Carli MF. Coronary microvascular function in early chronic kidney disease. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3:663–71.PubMedCrossRef Charytan DM, Shelbert HR, Di Carli MF. Coronary microvascular function in early chronic kidney disease. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3:663–71.PubMedCrossRef
166.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein RA, Kirkeeide RL, Demer LL, et al. Relation between geometric dimensions of coronary artery stenoses and myocardial perfusion reserve in man. J Clin Invest. 1987;79:1473–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Goldstein RA, Kirkeeide RL, Demer LL, et al. Relation between geometric dimensions of coronary artery stenoses and myocardial perfusion reserve in man. J Clin Invest. 1987;79:1473–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
167.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirkeeide RL, Gould KL, Parsel L. Assessment of coronary stenoses by myocardial perfusion imaging during pharmacologic coronary vasodilation. VII. Validation of coronary flow reserve as a single integrated functional measure of stenosis severity reflecting all its geometric dimensions. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;7:103–13.PubMedCrossRef Kirkeeide RL, Gould KL, Parsel L. Assessment of coronary stenoses by myocardial perfusion imaging during pharmacologic coronary vasodilation. VII. Validation of coronary flow reserve as a single integrated functional measure of stenosis severity reflecting all its geometric dimensions. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;7:103–13.PubMedCrossRef
168.
Zurück zum Zitat Gould KL, Nakagawa Y, Nakagawa K, et al. Frequency and clinical implications of fluid dynamically significant diffuse coronary artery disease manifest as graded, longitudinal, base-to-apex myocardial perfusion abnormalities by noninvasive positron emission tomography. Circulation. 2000;101:1931–9.PubMedCrossRef Gould KL, Nakagawa Y, Nakagawa K, et al. Frequency and clinical implications of fluid dynamically significant diffuse coronary artery disease manifest as graded, longitudinal, base-to-apex myocardial perfusion abnormalities by noninvasive positron emission tomography. Circulation. 2000;101:1931–9.PubMedCrossRef
169.
Zurück zum Zitat Arnett EN, Isner JM, Redwood DR, et al. Coronary artery narrowing in coronary heart disease: Comparison of cineangiographic and necropsy findings. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:350–6.PubMedCrossRef Arnett EN, Isner JM, Redwood DR, et al. Coronary artery narrowing in coronary heart disease: Comparison of cineangiographic and necropsy findings. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:350–6.PubMedCrossRef
170.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicholls SJ, Tuzcu EM, Crowe T, et al. Relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic disease burden measured by intravascular ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1967–75.PubMedCrossRef Nicholls SJ, Tuzcu EM, Crowe T, et al. Relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic disease burden measured by intravascular ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1967–75.PubMedCrossRef
171.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson NP, Gould KL. Integrating noninvasive absolute flow, coronary flow reserve, and ischemic thresholds into a comprehensive map of physiological severity. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:430–40.PubMedCrossRef Johnson NP, Gould KL. Integrating noninvasive absolute flow, coronary flow reserve, and ischemic thresholds into a comprehensive map of physiological severity. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:430–40.PubMedCrossRef
172.
Zurück zum Zitat Naya M, Murthy VL, Blankstein R, et al. Quantitative relationship between the extent and morphology of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and downstream myocardial perfusion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:1807–16.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Naya M, Murthy VL, Blankstein R, et al. Quantitative relationship between the extent and morphology of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and downstream myocardial perfusion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:1807–16.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
173.
Zurück zum Zitat Dey D, Diaz Zamudio M, Schuhbaeck A, et al. Relationship between quantitative adverse plaque features from coronary computed tomography angiography and downstream impaired myocardial flow reserve by 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography: a pilot study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:e003255.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dey D, Diaz Zamudio M, Schuhbaeck A, et al. Relationship between quantitative adverse plaque features from coronary computed tomography angiography and downstream impaired myocardial flow reserve by 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography: a pilot study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:e003255.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
174.
Zurück zum Zitat Danad I, Raijmakers PG, Appelman YE, et al. Hybrid imaging using quantitative H 2 15 O PET and CT-based coronary angiography for the detection of coronary artery disease. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:55–63.PubMedCrossRef Danad I, Raijmakers PG, Appelman YE, et al. Hybrid imaging using quantitative H 2 15 O PET and CT-based coronary angiography for the detection of coronary artery disease. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:55–63.PubMedCrossRef
175.
Zurück zum Zitat Liga R, Marini C, Coceani M, et al. Structural abnormalities of the coronary arterial wall—in addition to luminal narrowing—affect myocardial blood flow reserve. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1704–12.PubMedCrossRef Liga R, Marini C, Coceani M, et al. Structural abnormalities of the coronary arterial wall—in addition to luminal narrowing—affect myocardial blood flow reserve. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1704–12.PubMedCrossRef
176.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim H-S, Cho S-G, Kim JH, Bom H-S. Indirect radionuclide coronary angiography to evaluate gradients of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve through coronary stenosis using N-13 ammonia PET/CT. Chonnam Med J. 2013;49:69–74.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kim H-S, Cho S-G, Kim JH, Bom H-S. Indirect radionuclide coronary angiography to evaluate gradients of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve through coronary stenosis using N-13 ammonia PET/CT. Chonnam Med J. 2013;49:69–74.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
177.
Zurück zum Zitat Bateman TM, Gould KL, Carli MFD. Proceedings of the Cardiac PET Summit, 12 May 2014, Baltimore, MD: 3: Quantification of myocardial blood flow. J Nucl Cardiol. 2015;22:571–8.PubMedCrossRef Bateman TM, Gould KL, Carli MFD. Proceedings of the Cardiac PET Summit, 12 May 2014, Baltimore, MD: 3: Quantification of myocardial blood flow. J Nucl Cardiol. 2015;22:571–8.PubMedCrossRef
178.
Zurück zum Zitat Juneau D, Erthal F, Ohira H, et al. Clinical PET myocardial perfusion imaging and flow quantification. Cardiol Clin. 2016;34:69–85.PubMedCrossRef Juneau D, Erthal F, Ohira H, et al. Clinical PET myocardial perfusion imaging and flow quantification. Cardiol Clin. 2016;34:69–85.PubMedCrossRef
179.
Zurück zum Zitat Topol EJ, Nissen SE. Our preoccupation with coronary luminology: The dissociation between clinical and angiographic findings in ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 1995;92:2333–42.PubMedCrossRef Topol EJ, Nissen SE. Our preoccupation with coronary luminology: The dissociation between clinical and angiographic findings in ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 1995;92:2333–42.PubMedCrossRef
180.
Zurück zum Zitat Meijboom WB, Van Mieghem CAG, van Pelt N, et al. Comprehensive assessment of coronary artery stenoses: Computed tomography coronary angiography versus conventional coronary angiography and correlation with fractional flow reserve in patients with stable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:636–43.PubMedCrossRef Meijboom WB, Van Mieghem CAG, van Pelt N, et al. Comprehensive assessment of coronary artery stenoses: Computed tomography coronary angiography versus conventional coronary angiography and correlation with fractional flow reserve in patients with stable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:636–43.PubMedCrossRef
181.
Zurück zum Zitat Toth G, Hamilos M, Pyxaras S, et al. Evolving concepts of angiogram: fractional flow reserve discordances in 4000 coronary stenoses. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2831–8.PubMedCrossRef Toth G, Hamilos M, Pyxaras S, et al. Evolving concepts of angiogram: fractional flow reserve discordances in 4000 coronary stenoses. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2831–8.PubMedCrossRef
182.
Zurück zum Zitat Min JK, Taylor CA, Achenbach S, et al. Noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary CT angiography: clinical data and scientific principles. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:1209–22.PubMedCrossRef Min JK, Taylor CA, Achenbach S, et al. Noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary CT angiography: clinical data and scientific principles. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:1209–22.PubMedCrossRef
183.
Zurück zum Zitat Pijls NH, Van Son JA, Kirkeeide RL, De Bruyne B, Gould KL. Experimental basis of determining maximum coronary, myocardial, and collateral blood flow by pressure measurements for assessing functional stenosis severity before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Circulation. 1993;87:1354–67.PubMedCrossRef Pijls NH, Van Son JA, Kirkeeide RL, De Bruyne B, Gould KL. Experimental basis of determining maximum coronary, myocardial, and collateral blood flow by pressure measurements for assessing functional stenosis severity before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Circulation. 1993;87:1354–67.PubMedCrossRef
184.
Zurück zum Zitat Pijls NHJ, de Bruyne B, Peels K, et al. Measurement of fractional flow reserve to assess the functional severity of coronary-artery stenoses. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1703–8.PubMedCrossRef Pijls NHJ, de Bruyne B, Peels K, et al. Measurement of fractional flow reserve to assess the functional severity of coronary-artery stenoses. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1703–8.PubMedCrossRef
185.
Zurück zum Zitat De Bruyne B, Paulus WJ, Vantrimpont PJ, Sys SU, Heyndrickx GR, Pijls NHJ. Transstenotic coronary pressure gradient measurement in humans: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new pressure monitoring angioplasty guide wire. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:119–26.PubMedCrossRef De Bruyne B, Paulus WJ, Vantrimpont PJ, Sys SU, Heyndrickx GR, Pijls NHJ. Transstenotic coronary pressure gradient measurement in humans: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new pressure monitoring angioplasty guide wire. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:119–26.PubMedCrossRef
186.
Zurück zum Zitat De Bruyne B, Baudhuin T, Melin JA, et al. Coronary flow reserve calculated from pressure measurements in humans: Validation with positron emission tomography. Circulation. 1994;89:1013–22.PubMedCrossRef De Bruyne B, Baudhuin T, Melin JA, et al. Coronary flow reserve calculated from pressure measurements in humans: Validation with positron emission tomography. Circulation. 1994;89:1013–22.PubMedCrossRef
187.
Zurück zum Zitat Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls N. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:213–24.PubMedCrossRef Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls N. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:213–24.PubMedCrossRef
188.
Zurück zum Zitat De Bruyne B, Pijls NHJ, Kalesan B, et al. Fractional flow reserve–guided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:991–1001.PubMedCrossRef De Bruyne B, Pijls NHJ, Kalesan B, et al. Fractional flow reserve–guided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:991–1001.PubMedCrossRef
189.
Zurück zum Zitat Pijls NHJ, van Schaardenburgh P, Manoharan G, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally nonsignificant stenosis: 5-year follow-up of the DEFER study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:2105–11.PubMedCrossRef Pijls NHJ, van Schaardenburgh P, Manoharan G, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally nonsignificant stenosis: 5-year follow-up of the DEFER study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:2105–11.PubMedCrossRef
190.
Zurück zum Zitat van de Hoef TP, Siebes M, Spaan JA, Piek JJ. Fundamentals in clinical coronary physiology: Why coronary flow is more important than coronary pressure. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:3312–9.PubMedCrossRef van de Hoef TP, Siebes M, Spaan JA, Piek JJ. Fundamentals in clinical coronary physiology: Why coronary flow is more important than coronary pressure. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:3312–9.PubMedCrossRef
192.
Zurück zum Zitat Plein S, Motwani M. Fractional flow reserve as the reference standard for myocardial perfusion studies: fool’s gold? Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;14:1211–3.PubMedCrossRef Plein S, Motwani M. Fractional flow reserve as the reference standard for myocardial perfusion studies: fool’s gold? Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;14:1211–3.PubMedCrossRef
193.
Zurück zum Zitat van de Hoef TP, Bax M, Damman P, et al. Impaired coronary autoregulation is associated with long-term fatal events in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:329–35.PubMedCrossRef van de Hoef TP, Bax M, Damman P, et al. Impaired coronary autoregulation is associated with long-term fatal events in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:329–35.PubMedCrossRef
194.
Zurück zum Zitat van de Hoef TP, van Lavieren MA, Damman P, et al. Physiological basis and long-term clinical outcome of discordance between fractional flow reserve and coronary flow velocity reserve in coronary stenoses of intermediate severity. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:301–11.PubMedCrossRef van de Hoef TP, van Lavieren MA, Damman P, et al. Physiological basis and long-term clinical outcome of discordance between fractional flow reserve and coronary flow velocity reserve in coronary stenoses of intermediate severity. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:301–11.PubMedCrossRef
195.
Zurück zum Zitat De Bruyne B, Hersbach F, Pijls NHJ, et al. Abnormal epicardial coronary resistance in patients with diffuse atherosclerosis but “normal” coronary angiography. Circulation. 2001;104:2401–6.PubMedCrossRef De Bruyne B, Hersbach F, Pijls NHJ, et al. Abnormal epicardial coronary resistance in patients with diffuse atherosclerosis but “normal” coronary angiography. Circulation. 2001;104:2401–6.PubMedCrossRef
196.
Zurück zum Zitat Hwang D, Jeon K-H, Lee JM, et al. Diagnostic performance of resting and hyperemic invasive physiological indices to define myocardial ischemia: Validation with 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;10:751–60.PubMedCrossRef Hwang D, Jeon K-H, Lee JM, et al. Diagnostic performance of resting and hyperemic invasive physiological indices to define myocardial ischemia: Validation with 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;10:751–60.PubMedCrossRef
197.
Zurück zum Zitat Hennigan B, Oldroyd KG, Berry C, et al. Discordance between resting and hyperemic indices of coronary stenosis severity: The VERIFY 2 study (a comparative study of resting coronary pressure gradient, instantaneous wave-free ratio and fractional flow reserve in an unselected population referred for invasive angiography). Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9:e004016.PubMedCrossRef Hennigan B, Oldroyd KG, Berry C, et al. Discordance between resting and hyperemic indices of coronary stenosis severity: The VERIFY 2 study (a comparative study of resting coronary pressure gradient, instantaneous wave-free ratio and fractional flow reserve in an unselected population referred for invasive angiography). Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9:e004016.PubMedCrossRef
198.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson NP, Kirkeeide RL, Asrress KN, et al. Does the instantaneous wave-free ratio approximate the fractional flow reserve? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:1428–35.PubMedCrossRef Johnson NP, Kirkeeide RL, Asrress KN, et al. Does the instantaneous wave-free ratio approximate the fractional flow reserve? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:1428–35.PubMedCrossRef
199.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeremias A, Maehara A, Généreux P, et al. Multicenter core laboratory comparison of the instantaneous wave-free ratio and resting Pd/Pa with fractional flow reserve: The RESOLVE study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:1253–61.PubMedCrossRef Jeremias A, Maehara A, Généreux P, et al. Multicenter core laboratory comparison of the instantaneous wave-free ratio and resting Pd/Pa with fractional flow reserve: The RESOLVE study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:1253–61.PubMedCrossRef
200.
Zurück zum Zitat Götberg M, Christiansen EH, Gudmundsdottir IJ, et al. Instantaneous wave-free ratio versus fractional flow reserve to guide PCI. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1813–23.PubMedCrossRef Götberg M, Christiansen EH, Gudmundsdottir IJ, et al. Instantaneous wave-free ratio versus fractional flow reserve to guide PCI. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1813–23.PubMedCrossRef
201.
Zurück zum Zitat Davies JE, Sen S, Dehbi H-M, et al. Use of the instantaneous wave-free ratio or fractional flow reserve in PCI. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1824–34.PubMedCrossRef Davies JE, Sen S, Dehbi H-M, et al. Use of the instantaneous wave-free ratio or fractional flow reserve in PCI. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1824–34.PubMedCrossRef
202.
Zurück zum Zitat Dilsizian V, Bacharach SL, Beanlands RS, et al. ASNC imaging guidelines/SNMMI procedure standard for positron emission tomography (PET) nuclear cardiology procedures. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016;23:1187–226.PubMedCrossRef Dilsizian V, Bacharach SL, Beanlands RS, et al. ASNC imaging guidelines/SNMMI procedure standard for positron emission tomography (PET) nuclear cardiology procedures. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016;23:1187–226.PubMedCrossRef
203.
Zurück zum Zitat Barbato E, Aarnoudse W, Aengevaeren WR, et al. Validation of coronary flow reserve measurements by thermodilution in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:219–23.PubMedCrossRef Barbato E, Aarnoudse W, Aengevaeren WR, et al. Validation of coronary flow reserve measurements by thermodilution in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:219–23.PubMedCrossRef
204.
Zurück zum Zitat Escaned J, Echavarría-Pinto M. Moving beyond coronary stenosis: Has the time arrived to address important physiological questions not answered by fractional flow reserve alone? Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:282–4.PubMedCrossRef Escaned J, Echavarría-Pinto M. Moving beyond coronary stenosis: Has the time arrived to address important physiological questions not answered by fractional flow reserve alone? Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:282–4.PubMedCrossRef
205.
Zurück zum Zitat Wada T, Hirata K, Shiono Y, et al. Coronary flow velocity reserve in three major coronary arteries by transthoracic echocardiography for the functional assessment of coronary artery disease: A comparison with fractional flow reserve. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;15:399–408.PubMedCrossRef Wada T, Hirata K, Shiono Y, et al. Coronary flow velocity reserve in three major coronary arteries by transthoracic echocardiography for the functional assessment of coronary artery disease: A comparison with fractional flow reserve. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;15:399–408.PubMedCrossRef
206.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaibazzi N, Rigo F, Lorenzoni V, et al. Comparative prediction of cardiac events by wall motion, wall motion plus coronary flow reserve, or myocardial perfusion analysis: A multicenter study of contrast stress echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6:1–12.PubMedCrossRef Gaibazzi N, Rigo F, Lorenzoni V, et al. Comparative prediction of cardiac events by wall motion, wall motion plus coronary flow reserve, or myocardial perfusion analysis: A multicenter study of contrast stress echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6:1–12.PubMedCrossRef
207.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu J, Barton D, Xie F, et al. Comparison of fractional flow reserve assessment with demand stress myocardial contrast echocardiography in angiographically intermediate coronary stenoses. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9:e004129.PubMedCrossRef Wu J, Barton D, Xie F, et al. Comparison of fractional flow reserve assessment with demand stress myocardial contrast echocardiography in angiographically intermediate coronary stenoses. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9:e004129.PubMedCrossRef
208.
Zurück zum Zitat Leung DY, Leung M. Non-invasive/invasive imaging: significance and assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction. Heart. 2011;97:587–95.PubMedCrossRef Leung DY, Leung M. Non-invasive/invasive imaging: significance and assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction. Heart. 2011;97:587–95.PubMedCrossRef
210.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson NP, Kirkeeide RL, Gould KL. Is discordance of coronary flow reserve and fractional flow reserve due to methodology or clinically relevant coronary pathophysiology? JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:193–202.PubMedCrossRef Johnson NP, Kirkeeide RL, Gould KL. Is discordance of coronary flow reserve and fractional flow reserve due to methodology or clinically relevant coronary pathophysiology? JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:193–202.PubMedCrossRef
211.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson NP, Gould KL. Regadenoson versus dipyridamole hyperemia for cardiac PET imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:438–47.PubMedCrossRef Johnson NP, Gould KL. Regadenoson versus dipyridamole hyperemia for cardiac PET imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:438–47.PubMedCrossRef
212.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutchins GD, Schwaiger M, Rosenspire KC, Krivokapich J, Schelbert H, Kuhl DE. Noninvasive quantification of regional blood flow in the human heart using N-13 ammonia and dynamic positron emission tomographic imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:1032–42.PubMedCrossRef Hutchins GD, Schwaiger M, Rosenspire KC, Krivokapich J, Schelbert H, Kuhl DE. Noninvasive quantification of regional blood flow in the human heart using N-13 ammonia and dynamic positron emission tomographic imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:1032–42.PubMedCrossRef
213.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan SY, Brunken RC, Czernin J, et al. Comparison of maximal myocardial blood flow during adenosine infusion with that of intravenous dipyridamole in normal men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:979–85.PubMedCrossRef Chan SY, Brunken RC, Czernin J, et al. Comparison of maximal myocardial blood flow during adenosine infusion with that of intravenous dipyridamole in normal men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:979–85.PubMedCrossRef
214.
Zurück zum Zitat Böttcher M, Czernin J, Sun K, Phelps ME, Schelbert HR. Effect of β1 adrenergic receptor blockade on myocardial blood flow and vasodilatory capacity. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:442–6.PubMed Böttcher M, Czernin J, Sun K, Phelps ME, Schelbert HR. Effect of β1 adrenergic receptor blockade on myocardial blood flow and vasodilatory capacity. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:442–6.PubMed
215.
Zurück zum Zitat Campisi R, Czernin J, Karpman HL, Schelbert HR. Coronary vasodilatory capacity and flow reserve in normal myocardium supplied by bypass grafts late after surgery. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:27–31.PubMedCrossRef Campisi R, Czernin J, Karpman HL, Schelbert HR. Coronary vasodilatory capacity and flow reserve in normal myocardium supplied by bypass grafts late after surgery. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:27–31.PubMedCrossRef
216.
Zurück zum Zitat Nitzsche EU, Choi Y, Czernin J, Hoh CK, Huang S-C, Schelbert HR. Noninvasive quantification of myocardial blood flow in humans: a direct comparison of the [13N]ammonia and the [15O]water techniques. Circulation. 1996;93:2000–6.PubMedCrossRef Nitzsche EU, Choi Y, Czernin J, Hoh CK, Huang S-C, Schelbert HR. Noninvasive quantification of myocardial blood flow in humans: a direct comparison of the [13N]ammonia and the [15O]water techniques. Circulation. 1996;93:2000–6.PubMedCrossRef
217.
Zurück zum Zitat Muzik O, Paridon SM, Singh TP, Morrow WR, Dayanikli F, Di Carli MF. Quantification of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve in children with a history of Kawasaki disease and normal coronary arteries using positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:757–62.PubMedCrossRef Muzik O, Paridon SM, Singh TP, Morrow WR, Dayanikli F, Di Carli MF. Quantification of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve in children with a history of Kawasaki disease and normal coronary arteries using positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:757–62.PubMedCrossRef
218.
Zurück zum Zitat DeGrado TR, Hanson MW, Turkington TG, et al. Estimation of myocardial blood flow for longitudinal studies with 13N-labeled ammonia and positron emission tomography. J Nucl Cardiol. 1996;3:494–507.PubMedCrossRef DeGrado TR, Hanson MW, Turkington TG, et al. Estimation of myocardial blood flow for longitudinal studies with 13N-labeled ammonia and positron emission tomography. J Nucl Cardiol. 1996;3:494–507.PubMedCrossRef
219.
Zurück zum Zitat Schindler TH, Cardenas J, Prior JO, et al. Relationship between increasing body weight, insulin resistance, inflammation, adipocytokine leptin, and coronary circulatory function. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1188–95.PubMedCrossRef Schindler TH, Cardenas J, Prior JO, et al. Relationship between increasing body weight, insulin resistance, inflammation, adipocytokine leptin, and coronary circulatory function. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1188–95.PubMedCrossRef
220.
Zurück zum Zitat Valenta I, Quercioli A, Vincenti G, et al. Structural epicardial disease and microvascular function are determinants of an abnormal longitudinal myocardial blood flow difference in cardiovascular risk individuals as determined with PET/CT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2010;17:1023–33.PubMedCrossRef Valenta I, Quercioli A, Vincenti G, et al. Structural epicardial disease and microvascular function are determinants of an abnormal longitudinal myocardial blood flow difference in cardiovascular risk individuals as determined with PET/CT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2010;17:1023–33.PubMedCrossRef
221.
Zurück zum Zitat Renaud JM, Dasilva JN, Beanlands RSB, Dekemp RA. Characterizing the normal range of myocardial blood flow with 82rubidium and 13N-ammonia PET imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2013;20:578–91.PubMedCrossRef Renaud JM, Dasilva JN, Beanlands RSB, Dekemp RA. Characterizing the normal range of myocardial blood flow with 82rubidium and 13N-ammonia PET imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2013;20:578–91.PubMedCrossRef
222.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin JW, Sciacca RR, Chou RL, Laine AF, Bergmann SR. Quantification of myocardial perfusion in human subjects using 82Rb and wavelet-based noise reduction. J Nucl Med. 2001;42:201–8.PubMed Lin JW, Sciacca RR, Chou RL, Laine AF, Bergmann SR. Quantification of myocardial perfusion in human subjects using 82Rb and wavelet-based noise reduction. J Nucl Med. 2001;42:201–8.PubMed
223.
Zurück zum Zitat Manabe O, Yoshinaga K, Katoh C, Naya M, deKemp RA, Tamaki N. Repeatability of rest and hyperemic myocardial blood flow measurements with 82Rb dynamic PET. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:68–71.PubMedCrossRef Manabe O, Yoshinaga K, Katoh C, Naya M, deKemp RA, Tamaki N. Repeatability of rest and hyperemic myocardial blood flow measurements with 82Rb dynamic PET. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:68–71.PubMedCrossRef
224.
Zurück zum Zitat Prior JO, Allenbach G, Valenta I, et al. Quantification of myocardial blood flow with 82Rb positron emission tomography: clinical validation with 15O-water. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:1037–47.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Prior JO, Allenbach G, Valenta I, et al. Quantification of myocardial blood flow with 82Rb positron emission tomography: clinical validation with 15O-water. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:1037–47.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
225.
Zurück zum Zitat Sdringola S, Johnson NP, Kirkeeide RL, Cid E, Gould KL. Impact of unexpected factors on quantitative myocardial perfusion and coronary flow reserve in young, asymptomatic volunteers. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:402–12.PubMedCrossRef Sdringola S, Johnson NP, Kirkeeide RL, Cid E, Gould KL. Impact of unexpected factors on quantitative myocardial perfusion and coronary flow reserve in young, asymptomatic volunteers. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:402–12.PubMedCrossRef
226.
Zurück zum Zitat Germino M, Ropchan J, Mulnix T, et al. Quantification of myocardial blood flow with 82Rb: Validation with 15O-water using time-of-flight and point-spread-function modeling. EJNMMI Res. 2016;6:68.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Germino M, Ropchan J, Mulnix T, et al. Quantification of myocardial blood flow with 82Rb: Validation with 15O-water using time-of-flight and point-spread-function modeling. EJNMMI Res. 2016;6:68.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
227.
Zurück zum Zitat Farhad H, Murthy VL. Pharmacologic manipulation of coronary vascular physiology for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2013;149:121–32.CrossRef Farhad H, Murthy VL. Pharmacologic manipulation of coronary vascular physiology for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2013;149:121–32.CrossRef
228.
Zurück zum Zitat Nienaber CA, Ratib O, Gambhir SS, et al. A quantitative index of regional blood flow in canine myocardium derived noninvasively with N-13 ammonia and dynamic positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17:260–9.PubMedCrossRef Nienaber CA, Ratib O, Gambhir SS, et al. A quantitative index of regional blood flow in canine myocardium derived noninvasively with N-13 ammonia and dynamic positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17:260–9.PubMedCrossRef
229.
Zurück zum Zitat Schelbert HR, Phelps ME, Hoffman E, Huang S-C, Kuhl DE. Regional myocardial blood flow, metabolism and function assessed noninvasively with positron emission tomography. Am J Cardiol. 1980;46:1269–77.PubMedCrossRef Schelbert HR, Phelps ME, Hoffman E, Huang S-C, Kuhl DE. Regional myocardial blood flow, metabolism and function assessed noninvasively with positron emission tomography. Am J Cardiol. 1980;46:1269–77.PubMedCrossRef
230.
Zurück zum Zitat De Bruyne B, Oldroyd KG, Pijls NHJ. Microvascular (dys)function and clinical outcome in stable coronary disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:1170–2.PubMedCrossRef De Bruyne B, Oldroyd KG, Pijls NHJ. Microvascular (dys)function and clinical outcome in stable coronary disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:1170–2.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Clinical Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow Using PET: Joint Position Paper of the SNMMI Cardiovascular Council and the ASNC
verfasst von
Venkatesh L. Murthy
Timothy M. Bateman
Rob S. Beanlands
Daniel S. Berman
Salvador Borges-Neto
Panithaya Chareonthaitawee
Manuel D. Cerqueira
Robert A. deKemp
E. Gordon DePuey
Vasken Dilsizian
Sharmila Dorbala
Edward P. Ficaro
Ernest V. Garcia
Henry Gewirtz
Gary V. Heller
Howard C. Lewin
Saurabh Malhotra
April Mann
Terrence D. Ruddy
Thomas H. Schindler
Ronald G. Schwartz
Piotr J. Slomka
Prem Soman
Marcelo F. Di Carli
Andrew Einstein
Raymond Russell
James R. Corbett
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1071-3581
Elektronische ISSN: 1532-6551
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-017-1110-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2018

Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 1/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.