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ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders

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01.09.2014 | Review Article

Hyperactivity and sensation seeking as autoregulatory attempts to stabilize brain arousal in ADHD and mania?

verfasst von: Julia Geissler, Marcel Romanos, Ulrich Hegerl, Tilman Hensch

Erschienen in: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders | Ausgabe 3/2014

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Abstract

Hypoarousal as indicated by skin conductance and electroencephalography (EEG) has been discussed as a pathogenetic factor in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this paper was to review these arousal-related pathogenetic concepts and to present the more recently proposed vigilance regulation model of affective disorders and ADHD. The latter builds on methodological advances in classifying short EEG segments into vigilance stages (Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig, VIGALL), indicating different states of global brain function (“brain arousal”). VIGALL allows the objective assessment of vigilance regulation under defined conditions, e.g. how fast vigilance declines to lower vigilance stages associated with drowsiness during 15–20-min EEG recordings under resting conditions with eyes closed. According to the vigilance regulation model, the hyperactivity and sensation seeking observed in overtired children, ADHD and mania may be interpreted as an autoregulatory attempt to create a stimulating environment in order to stabilize vigilance. The unstable regulation of vigilance observed in both mania and ADHD may thus explain the attention deficits, which become especially prominent in monotonous sustained attention tasks. Among the arguments supporting the vigilance regulation model are the facts that destabilizing vigilance (e.g. via sleep deprivation) can trigger or exacerbate symptoms of ADHD or mania, whereas stabilizing vigilance (e.g. via psychostimulants, reducing sleep deficits) alleviates these symptoms. The potential antimanic effects of methylphenidate are presently being studied in an international randomized controlled trial. We propose vigilance regulation as a converging biomarker, which could be useful for identifying treatment responders to psychostimulants and forming pathophysiologically more homogeneous ADHD subgroups for research purposes.

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Titel: Hyperactivity and sensation seeking as autoregulatory attempts to stabilize brain arousal in ADHD and mania?
verfasst von: Julia Geissler
Marcel Romanos
Ulrich Hegerl
Tilman Hensch
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2014
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Erschienen in: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders / Ausgabe 3/2014
Print ISSN: 1866-6116
Elektronische ISSN: 1866-6647
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-014-0144-z

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Hyperactivity and sensation seeking as autoregulatory attempts to stabilize brain arousal in ADHD and mania?

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