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World Journal of Pediatrics
Erschienen in: World Journal of Pediatrics 5/2019

16.05.2019 | Review Article

Sedation and analgesia in children with cerebral palsy: a narrative review

verfasst von: Ingrid Rabach, Francesca Peri, Marta Minute, Emanuela Aru, Marianna Lucafò, Alberto Di Mascio, Giorgio Cozzi, Egidio Barbi

Erschienen in: World Journal of Pediatrics | Ausgabe 5/2019

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Abstract

Background

Patients with cognitive impairment due to cerebral palsy experience pain more often than healthy peers and frequently require diagnostic and therapeutic painful procedures. Analgesia and procedural sedation outside the operating room are often required, but they may not adequately be provided because of the inability to accurately recognize and classify the state of pain and for the perceived higher risk of complications.

Data sources

We reviewed the available literature to highlight the specific risk factors and area of criticism, that should be further improved. We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, Pubmed from 1987 to September 2018 using key words such as ‘cerebral palsy and children and pain’ or ‘sedation and cerebral palsy and children’.

Results

While different pain scales are useful in recognizing pain expressions, anxiety scales are not available. Moreover, studies on non-pharmacological techniques do not always have comparable results. Several risk factors, from anatomic abnormalities to liver and kidney functioning, should be kept in mind before proceeding with sedation.

Conclusions

Large trials are needed to assess the impact of non-pharmacological techniques and to evaluate which pain control strategy (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) should be used in different settings.
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Metadaten
Titel
Sedation and analgesia in children with cerebral palsy: a narrative review
verfasst von
Ingrid Rabach
Francesca Peri
Marta Minute
Emanuela Aru
Marianna Lucafò
Alberto Di Mascio
Giorgio Cozzi
Egidio Barbi
Publikationsdatum
16.05.2019
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Erschienen in
World Journal of Pediatrics / Ausgabe 5/2019
Print ISSN: 1708-8569
Elektronische ISSN: 1867-0687
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-019-00264-0

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