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Erschienen in: German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research 3/2016

30.06.2016 | Hauptbeiträge

Effekte eines Tanz- und eines Gesundheitssporttrainings auf die graue Hirnsubstanz gesunder Senioren

verfasst von: M.A. Patrick Müller, Kathrin Rehfeld, Angie Lüders, Marlen Schmicker, Anita Hökelmann, Jörn Kaufman, Notger G. Müller

Erschienen in: German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research | Ausgabe 3/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Der demografische Wandel und eine alternde Gesellschaft begründen eine verstärkte Forschung zu geriatrischen Problemen und Fragestellungen. Im Verlauf des Alterungsprozesses sind Volumenverluste der grauen Hirnsubstanz zu verzeichnen, welche oftmals in neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen münden. Sportliche und kognitive Interventionsmaßnahmen haben sich in der Vergangenheit als vielversprechende Methoden zur Neuroplastizität erwiesen, wobei eine Kombination aus beiden Maßnahmen am effektivsten scheint. Eine solche Kombination stellt aus unserer Sicht das Tanzen dar, welches konditionelle, koordinative und kognitive Inhalte verbindet. 26 gesunde Senioren (63–80 Jahre) wurden in eine Tanztrainingsgruppe (n = 14) und eine Gesundheitsportgruppe (n = 12) randomisiert. Nach 18-monatiger Trainingsintervention zeigten sich in der Tanzgruppe Volumenzunahmen in der grauen Substanz vor allem in frontalen und temporalen Regionen, u. a. im Gyrus parahippocampalis und Gyrus praecentralis. In der Gesundheitssportgruppe zeigten sich Volumenzunahmen in der grauen Substanz subkortikaler Regionen. Die Ergebnisse deuten an, dass ein Tanztraining einem Gesundheitssporttraining hinsichtlich der induzierten Neuroplastizität überlegen ist, da dabei Volumenzunahmen in Regionen zu verzeichnen sind, die mit höheren kognitiven Funktionen assoziiert werden. Wir vermuten, dass speziell die multimodale Leistungsstruktur des Tanzens, welche kognitive, koordinative und konditionelle Elemente enthält, dies begründen. Die Ergebnisse demonstrieren erstmalig in einer Längsschnittstudie die positiven Auswirkungen eines Tanztrainings bei der Prävention von Volumenverlust der grauen Substanz und neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen bei Senioren.
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Metadaten
Titel
Effekte eines Tanz- und eines Gesundheitssporttrainings auf die graue Hirnsubstanz gesunder Senioren
verfasst von
M.A. Patrick Müller
Kathrin Rehfeld
Angie Lüders
Marlen Schmicker
Anita Hökelmann
Jörn Kaufman
Notger G. Müller
Publikationsdatum
30.06.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research / Ausgabe 3/2016
Print ISSN: 2509-3142
Elektronische ISSN: 2509-3150
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-016-0411-6

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