Introduction
Materials and methods
Study design
Sample description
Exercise program
Music
Music title (Interpret) | Beats-per-minute | Beats-per-minute |
---|---|---|
Die Rosen der Madonna (Bianca) | 51 | 118 |
Heimwehmelodie (Stefan Mross) | 80 | 130 |
Schuld war nur der Bossa Nova (Manuela) | 83 | 148 |
Schöner Fremder Mann (Connie Francis) | 85 | 166 |
Herzilein (Wildecker Herzbuben) | 95 | 120 |
Einmal um die ganze Welt (Karel Gott) | 105 | 139 |
Description of intervention
Exercise session | Exercise session | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week | Topic | Training targets | Week | Topic | Training targets |
Week 1 | “Chair fitness with Redondoball” | Coordination, strengthening | Week 7 | “Chair gymnastics standing” | Coordination, strengthening, balance |
Week 2 | “Chair fitness” | Coordination, strengthening, balance | Week 8 | “Chair gymnastics with bar + rings” | Coordination, strengthening |
Week 3 | “Chair gymnastics with bar” | Coordination, strengthening | Week 9 | “Chair gymnastics with rings + ball” | Coordination, strengthening |
Week 4 | “Chair gymnastics with rings” | Coordination, strengthening | Week 10 | Gait training | Coordination, strengthening, balance |
Week 5 | “Chair gymnastics with little bags” | Coordination, strengthening | Week 11 | Partner exercises and group games without equipment | Coordination, strengthening, balance, interaction |
Week 6 | “Chair gymnastics with Thera-Band” | Strengthening | Week 12 | Partner exercises and group games with equipment | Coordination, strengthening, balance, interaction |
Instruments and procedure
Feasibility outcomes
Motor performance
Cognitive performance
Questionnaire for quality of life
Statistical data analysis
Results
Observational protocol
Motor performance, cognition, and quality of life
Baseline characteristic | Intervention group (n = 32) | Control group (n = 17) | p‑Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 83.91 ± 5.73 | 83.06 ± 6.76 | 0.789 |
Body mass index (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 27.07 ± 5.71 | 28.08 ± 4.68 | 0.433 |
Sex (%) | m: 15.2% f: 84.8% | m: 12.5% f: 87.5% | 0.804 |
MMSE (score, mean ± SD) | 16.42 ± 6.71 | 18.59 ± 6.83 | 0.380 |
Test procedure | Intervention group n = 32 | Control group n = 17 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pretest Median (25th/75th percentile) | Posttest Median (25th/75th percentile) | Wilcoxon test (z-value; p-value) | Pretest Median (25th/75th percentile) | Posttest Median (25th/75th percentile) | Wilcoxon test (z-value; p-value) | |
Motor performance | ||||||
Hand grip strength right (N) | 134.39 (96.14/177.81) | 153.53 (96.88/194.73) | Z = −1.460 p = 0.144 | 144.21 (84.37/173.64) | 139.30 (86.33/158.43) | Z = −0.781 p = 0.435 |
Hand grip strength left (N) | 116.86 (88.29/160.39) | 141.76 (98.35/176.83) | Z = −3.366 p = 0.001 | 124.59 (75.04/162.36) | 129.49 (94.18/164.32) | Z = −0.310 p = 0.756 |
Drop bar test (cm) | 28.00 (18.00/36.00) | 24.00 (16.00/32.00) | Z = −2.131 p =0.033 | 24.50 (16.25/33.00) | 26.00 (18.00/40.75) | Z = −1.620 p = 0.105 |
Modified chair rising test (s) | 17.60 (12.78/22.48) | 14.60 (11.98/18.88)a | Z = −4.357 p < 0.001 | 19.15 (13.13/28.70) | 17.95 (14.55/25.23) | Z = −0.310 p = 0.756 |
FICSIT‑4 (s) | 15.00 (9.00/23.00) | 16.00a (9.50/23.00) | Z = −1.134 p = 0.257 | 16.00 (5.50/19.50) | 13.00 (3.00/16.00) | Z = −3.221 p = 0.001 |
Timed Up and Go test (s) | 19.25 (12.38/33.45) | 13.50a (9.63/26.48) | Z = −3.929 p < 0.001 | 21.25 (18.88/25.85) | 24.45 (18.73/28.76) | Z = −0.879 p = 0.379 |
Cognition performance | ||||||
Verbal fluency (max. number) | 10.00 (6.25/14.00) | 12.00 (9.25/15.75) | Z = −3.030 p = 0.002 | 9.00 (5.50/15.00) | 7.00 (5.50/14.50) | Z = −2.342 p = 0.019 |
MMSE (total points) | 17.00 (11.25/22.00) | 17.50 (12.25/21.75) | Z = −0.178 p = 0.859 | 20.00 (12.50/25.50) | 14.00 (12.00/23.50) | Z = −2.891 p = 0.004 |
Wordlist Saving (%) | 0.00 (0.00/50.00) | 12.50 (0.00/66.67) | Z = −1.043 p = 0.297 | 40.00 (0.00/63.33) | 33.33 (0.00/55.00) | Z = −0.756 p = 0.449 |
Trail Making Test A (s) | 175.50 (100.50/235.50) | 161.50 (100.75/221.25) | Z = −2.058 p = 0.040 | 129.50 (84.25/251.25) | 123.50 (84.50/272.25) | Z = −1.818 p = 0.069 |
Questionnaires | ||||||
Qualidem (Total points max. 240) | 182.00 (177.00/208.25) | 190.50 (167.50/207.00) | Z = −0.284 p = 0.776 | 192.00 (167.50/207.50) | 200.00 (176.50/205.50) | Z = −0.280 p = 0.977 |