Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Cellular Oncology 6/2017

02.08.2017 | Original Paper

Leptin promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by upregulating ACAT2

verfasst von: Yunxiu Huang, Qianni Jin, Min Su, Feihu Ji, Nian Wang, Changli Zhong, Yulin Jiang, Yifeng Liu, Zhiqian Zhang, Junhong Yang, Lan Wei, Tingmei Chen, Bing Li

Erschienen in: Cellular Oncology | Ausgabe 6/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

Previously, it has been shown that obesity may be considered as a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Leptin, a hormone whose level is elevated in obesity, has been suggested to be involved in the development of breast cancer, and univariate survival analyses have shown that over-expression of ACAT2, an enzyme that is involved in the production of cholesteryl esters, may be associated with a poor prognosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of leptin on the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, as well as to elucidate its underlying mode of action.

Methods

Gene expression changes in leptin treated breast cancer-derived MCF-7, T47D and BT474 cells were assessed using PCR array, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. The expression patterns of Ob-R (leptin receptor) and ACAT2 in breast cancer cells and primary breast cancer tissue samples were analyzed using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Leptin-induced proliferation of breast cancer cells was assessed using a CCK8 assay, and scratch wound and Transwell assays were used to assess breast cancer cell invasion and migration.

Results

We found that, among the genes tested, ACAT2 expression exhibited the most significant changes in the leptin treated cells. In addition, we found that inhibition of ACAT2 expression using pyripyropene A (PPPA) or siRNA-mediated gene silencing significantly decreased leptin-induced proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 and T47D cells. Subsequent Western blot analyses strongly indicated that the PI3K/AKT/SREBP2 signaling pathway was involved in leptin-induced ACAT2 upregulation in both MCF-7 and T47D cells. Finally, through the analysis of primary breast cancer tissue samples we found that ACAT2 may affect cancer progression through activation of the Ob-R.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that leptin may enhance the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via ACAT2 up-regulation through the PI3K/AKT/SREBP2 signaling pathway. Therefore, the leptin/ACAT2 axis may represent an attractive therapeutic target for breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal and/or obese women.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat A.J. Sasco, R. Kaaks, R.E. Little, Breast cancer: Occurrence, risk factors and hormone metabolism. Exp Rev Anticancer Ther 3, 546–562 (2003)CrossRef A.J. Sasco, R. Kaaks, R.E. Little, Breast cancer: Occurrence, risk factors and hormone metabolism. Exp Rev Anticancer Ther 3, 546–562 (2003)CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat E.M. Ward, C.E. DeSantis, C.C. Lin, J.L. Kramer, A. Jemal, B. Kohler, O.W. Brawley, T. Gansler, Cancer statistics: Breast cancer in situ. CA Cancer J Clin 65, 481–495 (2015)CrossRefPubMed E.M. Ward, C.E. DeSantis, C.C. Lin, J.L. Kramer, A. Jemal, B. Kohler, O.W. Brawley, T. Gansler, Cancer statistics: Breast cancer in situ. CA Cancer J Clin 65, 481–495 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Sharma, R. Sharma, T.P. Khaket, C. Dutta, B. Chakraborty, T.K. Mukherjee, Breast cancer metastasis: Putative therapeutic role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Cell Oncol 40, 199–208 (2017)CrossRef R. Sharma, R. Sharma, T.P. Khaket, C. Dutta, B. Chakraborty, T.K. Mukherjee, Breast cancer metastasis: Putative therapeutic role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Cell Oncol 40, 199–208 (2017)CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat L.A. Flores-Lopez, M.G. Martinez-Hernandez, R. Viedma-Rodriguez, M. Diaz-Flores, L.A. Baiza-Gutman, High glucose and insulin enhance upa expression, ros formation and invasiveness in breast cancer-derived cells. Cell Oncol 39, 365–378 (2016)CrossRef L.A. Flores-Lopez, M.G. Martinez-Hernandez, R. Viedma-Rodriguez, M. Diaz-Flores, L.A. Baiza-Gutman, High glucose and insulin enhance upa expression, ros formation and invasiveness in breast cancer-derived cells. Cell Oncol 39, 365–378 (2016)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat X. Tong, F. Zhao, C.B. Thompson, The molecular determinants of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis in cancer cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 19, 32–37 (2009)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral X. Tong, F. Zhao, C.B. Thompson, The molecular determinants of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis in cancer cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 19, 32–37 (2009)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Zurück zum Zitat R.J. Deberardinis, N. Sayed, D. Ditsworth, C.B. Thompson, Brick by brick: Metabolism and tumor cell growth. Curr Opin Genet Dev 18, 54–61 (2008)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral R.J. Deberardinis, N. Sayed, D. Ditsworth, C.B. Thompson, Brick by brick: Metabolism and tumor cell growth. Curr Opin Genet Dev 18, 54–61 (2008)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Brusselmans, E. De Schrijver, G. Verhoeven, J.V. Swinnen, Rna interference-mediated silencing of the acetyl-coa-carboxylase-alpha gene induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 65, 6719–6725 (2005)CrossRefPubMed K. Brusselmans, E. De Schrijver, G. Verhoeven, J.V. Swinnen, Rna interference-mediated silencing of the acetyl-coa-carboxylase-alpha gene induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 65, 6719–6725 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat E. De Schrijver, K. Brusselmans, W. Heyns, G. Verhoeven, J.V. Swinnen, Rna interference-mediated silencing of the fatty acid synthase gene attenuates growth and induces morphological changes and apoptosis of lncap prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 63, 3799–3804 (2003)PubMed E. De Schrijver, K. Brusselmans, W. Heyns, G. Verhoeven, J.V. Swinnen, Rna interference-mediated silencing of the fatty acid synthase gene attenuates growth and induces morphological changes and apoptosis of lncap prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 63, 3799–3804 (2003)PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat E.S. Pizer, J. Thupari, W.F. Han, M.L. Pinn, F.J. Chrest, G.L. Frehywot, C.A. Townsend, F.P. Kuhajda, Malonyl-coenzyme-a is a potential mediator of cytotoxicity induced by fatty-acid synthase inhibition in human breast cancer cells and xenografts. Cancer Res 60, 213–218 (2000)PubMed E.S. Pizer, J. Thupari, W.F. Han, M.L. Pinn, F.J. Chrest, G.L. Frehywot, C.A. Townsend, F.P. Kuhajda, Malonyl-coenzyme-a is a potential mediator of cytotoxicity induced by fatty-acid synthase inhibition in human breast cancer cells and xenografts. Cancer Res 60, 213–218 (2000)PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Bemlih, M.-D. Poirier, A.E. Andaloussi, Acyl-coenzyme a: Cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor avasimibe affect survival and proliferation of glioma tumor cell lines. Cancer Biol Ther 9, 1025–1032 (2014)CrossRef S. Bemlih, M.-D. Poirier, A.E. Andaloussi, Acyl-coenzyme a: Cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor avasimibe affect survival and proliferation of glioma tumor cell lines. Cancer Biol Ther 9, 1025–1032 (2014)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Yue, J. Li, S.Y. Lee, H.J. Lee, T. Shao, B. Song, L. Cheng, T.A. Masterson, X. Liu, T.L. Ratliff, J.X. Cheng, Cholesteryl ester accumulation induced by pten loss and pi3k/akt activation underlies human prostate cancer aggressiveness. Cell Metab 19, 393–406 (2014)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral S. Yue, J. Li, S.Y. Lee, H.J. Lee, T. Shao, B. Song, L. Cheng, T.A. Masterson, X. Liu, T.L. Ratliff, J.X. Cheng, Cholesteryl ester accumulation induced by pten loss and pi3k/akt activation underlies human prostate cancer aggressiveness. Cell Metab 19, 393–406 (2014)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Zurück zum Zitat R.A. Anderson, C. Joyce, M. Davis, J.W. Reagan, M. Clark, G.S. Shelness, L.L. Rudel, Identification of a form of acyl-coa:Cholesterol acyltransferase specific to liver and intestine in nonhuman primates. J Biol Chem 273, 26747–26754 (1998)CrossRefPubMed R.A. Anderson, C. Joyce, M. Davis, J.W. Reagan, M. Clark, G.S. Shelness, L.L. Rudel, Identification of a form of acyl-coa:Cholesterol acyltransferase specific to liver and intestine in nonhuman primates. J Biol Chem 273, 26747–26754 (1998)CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Z. Zhao, J. Lu, L. Han, X. Wang, Q. Man, S. Liu, Prognostic significance of two lipid metabolism enzymes, hadha and acat2, in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 37, 8121–8130 (2016) Z. Zhao, J. Lu, L. Han, X. Wang, Q. Man, S. Liu, Prognostic significance of two lipid metabolism enzymes, hadha and acat2, in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 37, 8121–8130 (2016)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Lu, X.H. Hu, Q. Li, Y. Xiong, G.J. Hu, J.J. Xu, X.N. Zhao, X.X. Wei, C.C. Chang, Y.K. Liu, F.J. Nan, J. Li, T.Y. Chang, B.L. Song, B.L. Li, A specific cholesterol metabolic pathway is established in a subset of hccs for tumor growth. J Mol Cell Biol 5, 404–415 (2013)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral M. Lu, X.H. Hu, Q. Li, Y. Xiong, G.J. Hu, J.J. Xu, X.N. Zhao, X.X. Wei, C.C. Chang, Y.K. Liu, F.J. Nan, J. Li, T.Y. Chang, B.L. Song, B.L. Li, A specific cholesterol metabolic pathway is established in a subset of hccs for tumor growth. J Mol Cell Biol 5, 404–415 (2013)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Zurück zum Zitat J.J. Souchek, M.J. Baine, C. Lin, S. Rachagani, S. Gupta, S. Kaur, K. Lester, D. Zheng, S. Chen, L. Smith, A. Lazenby, S.L. Johansson, M. Jain, S.K. Batra, Unbiased analysis of pancreatic cancer radiation resistance reveals cholesterol biosynthesis as a novel target for radiosensitisation. Br J Cancer 111, 1139–1149 (2014)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral J.J. Souchek, M.J. Baine, C. Lin, S. Rachagani, S. Gupta, S. Kaur, K. Lester, D. Zheng, S. Chen, L. Smith, A. Lazenby, S.L. Johansson, M. Jain, S.K. Batra, Unbiased analysis of pancreatic cancer radiation resistance reveals cholesterol biosynthesis as a novel target for radiosensitisation. Br J Cancer 111, 1139–1149 (2014)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Zurück zum Zitat E.E. Calle, R. Kaaks, Overweight, obesity and cancer: Epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer 4, 579–591 (2004)CrossRefPubMed E.E. Calle, R. Kaaks, Overweight, obesity and cancer: Epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer 4, 579–591 (2004)CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat A.G. Renehan, M. Tyson, M. Egger, R.F. Heller, M. Zwahlen, Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 371, 569–578 (2008)CrossRefPubMed A.G. Renehan, M. Tyson, M. Egger, R.F. Heller, M. Zwahlen, Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 371, 569–578 (2008)CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat F.R. James, S. Wootton, A. Jackson, M. Wiseman, E.R. Copson, R.I. Cutress, Obesity in breast cancer--what is the risk factor? Eur J Cancer 51, 705–720 (2015)CrossRefPubMed F.R. James, S. Wootton, A. Jackson, M. Wiseman, E.R. Copson, R.I. Cutress, Obesity in breast cancer--what is the risk factor? Eur J Cancer 51, 705–720 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Scholz, U. Andergassen, P. Hepp, C. Schindlbeck, T.W. Friedl, N. Harbeck, M. Kiechle, H. Sommer, H. Hauner, K. Friese, B. Rack, W. Janni, Obesity as an independent risk factor for decreased survival in node-positive high-risk breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 151, 569–576 (2015)CrossRefPubMed C. Scholz, U. Andergassen, P. Hepp, C. Schindlbeck, T.W. Friedl, N. Harbeck, M. Kiechle, H. Sommer, H. Hauner, K. Friese, B. Rack, W. Janni, Obesity as an independent risk factor for decreased survival in node-positive high-risk breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 151, 569–576 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Wise, Dose-response relation between obesity and breast cancer risk is identified. BMJ 350, h3191 (2015)CrossRefPubMed J. Wise, Dose-response relation between obesity and breast cancer risk is identified. BMJ 350, h3191 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat H.-K. Park, R.S. Ahima, Physiology of leptin: Energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine function and metabolism. Metabolism 64, 24–34 (2015)CrossRefPubMed H.-K. Park, R.S. Ahima, Physiology of leptin: Energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine function and metabolism. Metabolism 64, 24–34 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Fan, Y. Gan, Y. Shen, X. Cai, Y. Song, F. Zhao, M. Yao, J. Gu, H. Tu, Leptin signaling enhances cell invasion and promotes the metastasis of human pancreatic cancer via increasing mmp-13 production. Oncotarget 6, 16120–16134 (2015)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Y. Fan, Y. Gan, Y. Shen, X. Cai, Y. Song, F. Zhao, M. Yao, J. Gu, H. Tu, Leptin signaling enhances cell invasion and promotes the metastasis of human pancreatic cancer via increasing mmp-13 production. Oncotarget 6, 16120–16134 (2015)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Zurück zum Zitat M.E. Grossmann, A. Ray, K.J. Nkhata, D.A. Malakhov, O.P. Rogozina, S. Dogan, M.P. Cleary, Obesity and breast cancer: Status of leptin and adiponectin in pathological processes. Cancer Metastasis Rev 29, 641–653 (2010)CrossRefPubMed M.E. Grossmann, A. Ray, K.J. Nkhata, D.A. Malakhov, O.P. Rogozina, S. Dogan, M.P. Cleary, Obesity and breast cancer: Status of leptin and adiponectin in pathological processes. Cancer Metastasis Rev 29, 641–653 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Wang, C. Tang, H. Cao, K. Li, X. Pang, L. Zhong, W. Dang, H. Tang, Y. Huang, L. Wei, M. Su, T. Chen, Activation of il-8 via pi3k/akt-dependent pathway is involved in leptin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 16, 1220–1230 (2015)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral L. Wang, C. Tang, H. Cao, K. Li, X. Pang, L. Zhong, W. Dang, H. Tang, Y. Huang, L. Wei, M. Su, T. Chen, Activation of il-8 via pi3k/akt-dependent pathway is involved in leptin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 16, 1220–1230 (2015)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat U. Wazir, W. Al Sarakbi, W.G. Jiang, K. Mokbel, Evidence of an autocrine role for leptin and leptin receptor in human breast cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 9, 383–387 (2012)PubMed U. Wazir, W. Al Sarakbi, W.G. Jiang, K. Mokbel, Evidence of an autocrine role for leptin and leptin receptor in human breast cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 9, 383–387 (2012)PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Guo, M. Liu, G. Wang, M. Torroella-Kouri, R.R. Gonzalez-Perez, Oncogenic role and therapeutic target of leptin signaling in breast cancer and cancer stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1825, 207–222 (2012)PubMedPubMedCentral S. Guo, M. Liu, G. Wang, M. Torroella-Kouri, R.R. Gonzalez-Perez, Oncogenic role and therapeutic target of leptin signaling in breast cancer and cancer stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1825, 207–222 (2012)PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Ohshiro, D. Matsuda, K. Sakai, C. Degirolamo, H. Yagyu, L.L. Rudel, S. Omura, S. Ishibashi, H. Tomoda, Pyripyropene a, an acyl-coenzyme a:Cholesterol acyltransferase 2-selective inhibitor, attenuates hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in murine models of hyperlipidemia. ArteriosclerThromb Vasc Biol 31, 1108–1115 (2011)CrossRef T. Ohshiro, D. Matsuda, K. Sakai, C. Degirolamo, H. Yagyu, L.L. Rudel, S. Omura, S. Ishibashi, H. Tomoda, Pyripyropene a, an acyl-coenzyme a:Cholesterol acyltransferase 2-selective inhibitor, attenuates hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in murine models of hyperlipidemia. ArteriosclerThromb Vasc Biol 31, 1108–1115 (2011)CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Cirillo, A.M. Rachiglio, R. la Montagna, A. Giordano, N. Normanno, Leptin signaling in breast cancer: An overview. J Cell Biochem 105, 956–964 (2008)CrossRefPubMed D. Cirillo, A.M. Rachiglio, R. la Montagna, A. Giordano, N. Normanno, Leptin signaling in breast cancer: An overview. J Cell Biochem 105, 956–964 (2008)CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat K.A. Frankenberry, H. Skinner, P. Somasundar, D.W. McFadden, L.C. Vona-Davis, Leptin receptor expression and cell signaling in breast cancer. Int J Oncol 28, 985–993 (2006)PubMed K.A. Frankenberry, H. Skinner, P. Somasundar, D.W. McFadden, L.C. Vona-Davis, Leptin receptor expression and cell signaling in breast cancer. Int J Oncol 28, 985–993 (2006)PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat R.R. Gonzalez-Perez, V. Lanier, G. Newman, Leptin's pro-angiogenic signature in breast cancer. Cancer 5, 1140–1162 (2013)CrossRef R.R. Gonzalez-Perez, V. Lanier, G. Newman, Leptin's pro-angiogenic signature in breast cancer. Cancer 5, 1140–1162 (2013)CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Ando, I. Barone, C. Giordano, D. Bonofiglio, S. Catalano, The multifaceted mechanism of leptin signaling within tumor microenvironment in driving breast cancer growth and progression. Front Oncol 4, 340 (2014)PubMedPubMedCentral S. Ando, I. Barone, C. Giordano, D. Bonofiglio, S. Catalano, The multifaceted mechanism of leptin signaling within tumor microenvironment in driving breast cancer growth and progression. Front Oncol 4, 340 (2014)PubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Battle, C. Gillespie, A. Quarshie, V. Lanier, T. Harmon, K. Wilson, M. Torroella-Kouri, R.R. Gonzalez-Perez, Obesity induced a leptin-notch signaling axis in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 134, 1605–1616 (2014)CrossRefPubMed M. Battle, C. Gillespie, A. Quarshie, V. Lanier, T. Harmon, K. Wilson, M. Torroella-Kouri, R.R. Gonzalez-Perez, Obesity induced a leptin-notch signaling axis in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 134, 1605–1616 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat C.C. Chang, M.J. Wu, J.Y. Yang, I.G. Camarillo, C.J. Chang, Leptin-stat3-g9a signaling promotes obesity-mediated breast cancer progression. Cancer Res 75, 2375–2386 (2015)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral C.C. Chang, M.J. Wu, J.Y. Yang, I.G. Camarillo, C.J. Chang, Leptin-stat3-g9a signaling promotes obesity-mediated breast cancer progression. Cancer Res 75, 2375–2386 (2015)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Shimano, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein family as global regulators of lipid synthetic genes in energy metabolism. Vitam Horm 65, 167–194 (2002)CrossRefPubMed H. Shimano, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein family as global regulators of lipid synthetic genes in energy metabolism. Vitam Horm 65, 167–194 (2002)CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Ferno, S. Skrede, A.O. Vik-Mo, B. Havik, V.M. Steen, Drug-induced activation of srebp-controlled lipogenic gene expression in cns-related cell lines: Marked differences between various antipsychotic drugs. BMC Neurosci 7, 69 (2006)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral J. Ferno, S. Skrede, A.O. Vik-Mo, B. Havik, V.M. Steen, Drug-induced activation of srebp-controlled lipogenic gene expression in cns-related cell lines: Marked differences between various antipsychotic drugs. BMC Neurosci 7, 69 (2006)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Zurück zum Zitat V. Dubois, T. Jarde, L. Delort, H. Billard, D. Bernard-Gallon, E. Berger, A. Geloen, M.P. Vasson, F. Caldefie-Chezet, Leptin induces a proliferative response in breast cancer cells but not in normal breast cells. Nutr Cancer 66, 645–655 (2014)CrossRefPubMed V. Dubois, T. Jarde, L. Delort, H. Billard, D. Bernard-Gallon, E. Berger, A. Geloen, M.P. Vasson, F. Caldefie-Chezet, Leptin induces a proliferative response in breast cancer cells but not in normal breast cells. Nutr Cancer 66, 645–655 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Shan, S. Elf, Q. Ji, H.B. Kang, L. Zhou, T. Hitosugi, L. Jin, R. Lin, L. Zhang, J.H. Seo, J. Xie, M. Tucker, T.L. Gu, J. Sudderth, L. Jiang, R.J. DeBerardinis, S. Wu, Y. Li, H. Mao, P.R. Chen, D. Wang, G.Z. Chen, S. Lonial, M.L. Arellano, H.J. Khoury, F.R. Khuri, B.H. Lee, D.J. Brat, K. Ye, T.J. Boggon, C. He, S. Kang, J. Fan, J. Chen, Lysine acetylation activates 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase to promote tumor growth. Mol Cell 55, 552–565 (2014)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral C. Shan, S. Elf, Q. Ji, H.B. Kang, L. Zhou, T. Hitosugi, L. Jin, R. Lin, L. Zhang, J.H. Seo, J. Xie, M. Tucker, T.L. Gu, J. Sudderth, L. Jiang, R.J. DeBerardinis, S. Wu, Y. Li, H. Mao, P.R. Chen, D. Wang, G.Z. Chen, S. Lonial, M.L. Arellano, H.J. Khoury, F.R. Khuri, B.H. Lee, D.J. Brat, K. Ye, T.J. Boggon, C. He, S. Kang, J. Fan, J. Chen, Lysine acetylation activates 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase to promote tumor growth. Mol Cell 55, 552–565 (2014)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Zurück zum Zitat C.Z. Xu, R.J. Shi, D. Chen, Y.Y. Sun, Q.W. Wu, T. Wang, P.H. Wang, Potential biomarkers for paclitaxel sensitivity in hypopharynx cancer cell. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 6, 2745–2756 (2013)PubMedPubMedCentral C.Z. Xu, R.J. Shi, D. Chen, Y.Y. Sun, Q.W. Wu, T. Wang, P.H. Wang, Potential biomarkers for paclitaxel sensitivity in hypopharynx cancer cell. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 6, 2745–2756 (2013)PubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Leptin promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by upregulating ACAT2
verfasst von
Yunxiu Huang
Qianni Jin
Min Su
Feihu Ji
Nian Wang
Changli Zhong
Yulin Jiang
Yifeng Liu
Zhiqian Zhang
Junhong Yang
Lan Wei
Tingmei Chen
Bing Li
Publikationsdatum
02.08.2017
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Cellular Oncology / Ausgabe 6/2017
Print ISSN: 2211-3428
Elektronische ISSN: 2211-3436
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-017-0342-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2017

Cellular Oncology 6/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Neu im Fachgebiet Pathologie