Introduction
Materials and methods
Study design
Data sources
Cohort selection
Outcome
Statistical analysis
Results
Study population and patient characteristics
Disease | All subjects | ||
---|---|---|---|
HZ (+) | HZ (−) | ||
All subjects | 769 | 54,723 | 55,492 |
Mean age (SD) | 63.95 (13.75) | 60.03 (16.55) | 60.09 (16.52) |
Sex | |||
Male | 373 | 25,625 | 25,998 |
Mean age (SD) | 64.13 (12.59) | 59.54 (15.93) | 59.61 (15.90) |
Female | 396 | 29,098 | 29,494 |
Mean age (SD) | 63.79 (14.77) | 60.47 (17.06) | 60.51 (17.03) |
Age group (years) | |||
20–29 | 22 | 3,433 | 3,455 |
30–39 | 30 | 4,288 | 4,318 |
40–49 | 51 | 4,979 | 5,030 |
50–59 | 149 | 10,624 | 10,773 |
60–69 | 231 | 14,570 | 14,801 |
70–79 | 222 | 12,638 | 12,860 |
80–89 | 60 | 3,823 | 3,883 |
90–99 | 4 | 366 | 370 |
≥100 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
HZ outcomes
Disease | Total | HZ (−) | HZ (+) | Age of total subjects | Age of HZ patients | Gender (number of subjects) | Gender (number of HZ patients) | Duration to HZ* | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Male | Female | Male | Female | Mean | SD | ||||
Brain tumor | 1,393 | 1,371 | 22 | 54.15 | 18.21 | 65.85 | 9.87 | 624 | 769 | 7 | 15 | 2.09 | 2.01 |
Lung cancer | 1,410 | 1,375 | 35 | 67.71 | 11.95 | 68.00 | 10.08 | 906 | 504 | 26 | 9 | 1.08 | 1.15 |
Breast cancer | 1,469 | 1,450 | 19 | 57.90 | 13.26 | 61.12 | 13.45 | 8 | 1,461 | 0 | 19 | 1.40 | 1.23 |
Esophageal cancer | 307 | 298 | 9 | 65.85 | 9.37 | 64.93 | 8.80 | 240 | 67 | 7 | 2 | 1.29 | 1.51 |
Gastric cancer | 1,777 | 1,740 | 37 | 66.35 | 11.70 | 66.32 | 9.56 | 1,186 | 591 | 24 | 13 | 1.90 | 1.66 |
Colorectal cancer | 1,924 | 1,885 | 39 | 66.14 | 12.22 | 71.02 | 10.12 | 1,110 | 814 | 24 | 15 | 1.78 | 1.73 |
Gynecologic cancer | 1,124 | 1,108 | 16 | 52.76 | 15.33 | 55.29 | 10.13 | 1 | 1,123 | 0 | 16 | 1.28 | 1.37 |
Malignant lymphoma | 1,917 | 1,824 | 93 | 48.31 | 23.26 | 56.88 | 16.10 | 912 | 1,005 | 44 | 49 | 1.09 | 1.14 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | 1,077 | 1,039 | 38 | 48.23 | 19.29 | 51.18 | 20.88 | 252 | 825 | 10 | 28 | 1.82 | 1.76 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 6,714 | 6,604 | 110 | 55.60 | 17.36 | 62.90 | 14.49 | 2,825 | 3,889 | 36 | 74 | 1.71 | 1.57 |
Sjögren’s syndrome | 1,147 | 1,131 | 16 | 55.83 | 16.06 | 57.35 | 18.52 | 176 | 971 | 3 | 13 | 1.44 | 1.68 |
Diabetes mellitus | 15,790 | 15,517 | 273 | 63.06 | 13.23 | 64.79 | 12.53 | 9,248 | 6,542 | 152 | 121 | 1.69 | 1.57 |
Hypertension | 15,975 | 15,693 | 282 | 64.88 | 13.59 | 67.04 | 12.03 | 8,546 | 7,429 | 147 | 135 | 1.70 | 1.60 |
Renal failure | 2,577 | 2,504 | 73 | 65.98 | 14.94 | 66.88 | 12.10 | 1,543 | 1,034 | 43 | 30 | 1.52 | 1.57 |
Disc hernia | 2,804 | 2,773 | 31 | 50.36 | 17.13 | 63.81 | 13.57 | 1,591 | 1,213 | 14 | 17 | 2.09 | 1.72 |
Cataract | 18,247 | 18,049 | 198 | 68.45 | 10.84 | 69.03 | 8.48 | 7,908 | 10,339 | 94 | 104 | 1.65 | 1.58 |
Depression | 6,803 | 6,761 | 42 | 52.00 | 18.86 | 64.91 | 12.89 | 2,666 | 4,137 | 15 | 27 | 1.34 | 1.44 |
Potential risk factors for HZ
Disease or status | 1,000 person-years | Disease | Comparison patients | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HZ (+) | HZ (−) | HZ (+) | HZ (−) | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) |
p-value | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) |
p-value | ||
Brain tumor | 17.3 | 22 | 1,371 | 747 | 53,352 | 2.31 (1.51–3.52) | 0.000 | 3.69 (2.41–5.66) | 0.000 |
Lung cancer | 51.9 | 35 | 1,375 | 734 | 53,348 | 1.88 (1.34–2.63) | 0.000 | 2.17 (1.53–3.08) | 0.000 |
Breast cancer | 17.3 | 19 | 1,450 | 750 | 53,273 | 1.62 (1.03–2.56) | 0.038 | 2.34 (1.48–3.72) | 0.000 |
Esophageal cancer | 74.1 | 9 | 298 | 760 | 54,425 | 2.70 (1.40–5.20) | 0.003 | 4.05 (2.09–7.84) | 0.000 |
Gastric cancer | 26.9 | 37 | 1,740 | 732 | 52,983 | 1.59 (1.14–2.21) | 0.006 | 1.92 (1.37–2.67) | 0.000 |
Colorectal cancer | 29.6 | 39 | 1,885 | 730 | 52,838 | 1.61 (1.17–2.22) | 0.004 | 1.82 (1.31–2.52) | 0.000 |
Gynecologic cancer | 28.3 | 16 | 1,108 | 753 | 53,615 | 2.24 (1.36–3.67) | 0.001 | 3.34 (2.02–5.52) | 0.000 |
Malignant lymphoma | 95.2 | 93 | 1,824 | 676 | 52,899 | 9.34 (7.52–11.60) | 0.000 | 8.39 (6.67–10.55) | 0.000 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | 53.7 | 38 | 1,039 | 731 | 53,684 | 10.45 (7.54–14.48) | 0.000 | 4.11 (2.80–6.02) | 0.000 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 30.0 | 110 | 6,604 | 659 | 48,119 | 2.38 (1.94–2.91) | 0.000 | 2.03 (1.63–2.53) | 0.000 |
Sjögren’s syndrome | 44.7 | 16 | 1,131 | 753 | 53,592 | 3.45 (2.10–5.66) | 0.000 | 1.30 (0.75–2.25) | 0.350 |
Diabetes mellitus | 24.9 | 273 | 15,517 | 496 | 39,206 | 2.14 (1.84–2.48) | 0.000 | 2.38 (2.04–2.78) | 0.000 |
Hypertension | 27.4 | 282 | 15,693 | 487 | 39,030 | 1.64 (1.41–1.90) | 0.000 | 1.93 (1.66–2.26) | 0.000 |
Renal failure | 56.3 | 73 | 2,504 | 696 | 52,219 | 3.30 (2.59–4.20) | 0.000 | 2.21 (1.70–2.87) | 0.000 |
Disc hernia | 24.4 | 31 | 2,773 | 738 | 51,950 | 1.94 (1.35–2.78) | 0.000 | 2.27 (1.58–3.26) | 0.000 |
Cataract | 23.0 | 198 | 18,049 | 571 | 36,674 | 0.64 (0.54–0.75) | <0.0001 | 1.31 (0.91–1.27) | 0.399 |
Depression | 27.4 | 42 | 6,761 | 727 | 47,962 | 1.03 (0.75–1.41) | 0.875 | 1.31 (0.95–1.80) | 0.102 |
Female | 29,494 | 396 | 29,098 | 373 | 25,625 | 0.81 (0.71–0.94) | 0.004 | 0.90 (0.78–1.05) | 0.184 |