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Current Anesthesiology Reports

Erschienen in:

02.05.2019 | Regional Anesthesia (P Kukreja, Section Editor)

Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) Block: a New Paradigm in Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia

verfasst von: Ki Jinn Chin, Sanjib Das Adhikary, Mauricio Forero

Erschienen in: Current Anesthesiology Reports | Ausgabe 3/2019

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The erector spinae plane (ESP) block is an ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia technique that has enjoyed unprecedented popularity since its description in 2016. This review summarizes the applied anatomy, technical performance, and clinical application of the ESP block.

Recent Findings

Dissection and imaging studies indicate that paravertebral local anesthetic spread is a primary mechanism of action of the ESP block. A large volume of case report literature supports its efficacy in myriad clinical settings, including thoracic surgery, thoracic trauma, cardiac surgery, abdominal surgery, spine surgery, and painful conditions of the upper and lower limbs. Several randomized controlled trials have also been published that report significant analgesic benefit compared with systemic analgesia alone.

Summary

The ESP block is a highly effective and versatile technique for the management of acute and chronic pain. Further studies are needed to definitively determine its efficacy compared with more established techniques.

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•• Adhikary SD, Bernard S, Lopez H, Chin KJ. Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Retrolaminar Block: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Anatomical Study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43:756–62. An important cadaveric study using MRI to show that spread of injectate in the ESP block occurs to the epidural and paravertebral space; it also illustrates the differences and similarities with the retrolaminar block. PubMed

•• Schwartzmann A, Peng P, Maciel MA, Forero M. Mechanism of the erector spinae plane block: insights from a magnetic resonance imaging study. Can J Anaesth. 2018;65:1165–6. This is the first paper to use MRI to document the spread of injectate following ESP block in an actual patient; it shows that paravertebral and epidural spread can and does occur, and correlates with the clinical analgesia produced. PubMed

10.

•• Yang H-M, Choi YJ, Kwon H-J, O J, Cho TH, Kim SH. Comparison of injectate spread and nerve involvement between retrolaminar and erector spinae plane blocks in the thoracic region: a cadaveric study. Anaesthesia. 2018;73:1244–50. An important cadaveric study that compares injectate spread as assessed by dissection, following ESP and retrolaminar block. PubMed

11.

•• Ivanusic J, Konishi Y, Barrington MJ. A cadaveric study investigating the mechanism of action of erector spinae blockade. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43:567–71. An important cadaveric study that demonstrates that injectate spread after ESP block can be variable and challenges the notion that it always reaches the paravertebral space. PubMed

12.

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13.

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18.

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22.

Cesur S, Yayik AM, Öztürk F, Ahiskalioğlu A. Does “Aksu approach” make erector spinae plane block technique easier? J Clin Anesth. 2019;55:142–3.PubMed

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25.

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26.

Restrepo-Garces CE, Chin KJ, Suarez P, Diaz A. Bilateral continuous erector spinae plane block contributes to effective postoperative analgesia after major open abdominal surgery: a case report. A A Case Rep. 2017;9:319–21.PubMed

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28.

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29.

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Muñoz F, Cubillos J, Bonilla AJ, Chin KJ. Erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in pediatric oncological thoracic surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2017;64:880–2.PubMed

31.

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32.

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33.

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34.

Kimachi PP, Martins EG, Peng P, Forero M. The erector spinae plane block provides complete surgical anesthesia in breast surgery: a case report. A A Pract. 2018;11:186–8.PubMed

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37.

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38.

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41.

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42.

•• Altıparmak B, Korkmaz Toker M, Uysal Aİ, Turan M, Gümüş Demirbilek S. Comparison of the effects of modified pectoral nerve block and erector spinae plane block on postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores of patients after radical mastectomy surgery: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Anesth. 2018;54:61–5. This randomized controlled trial compares the ESP block with the Pecs 2 block in major breast surgery and the authors report that Pecs 2 block provided superior analgesia. PubMed

43.

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44.

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Luis-Navarro JC, Seda-Guzmán M, Luis-Moreno C, López-Romero JL. The erector spinae plane block in 4 cases of video-assisted thoracic surgery. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2018;65:204–8.PubMed

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Ciftci B, Ekinci M, Demiraran Y. Ultrasound-guided single-shot preemptive erector spinae plane block for postoperative pain management. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019;33(4):1175–1176.

48.

Hernandez MA, Palazzi L, Lapalma J, Forero M, Chin KJ. Erector spinae plane block for surgery of the posterior thoracic wall in a pediatric patient. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43:217–9.PubMed

49.

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50.

•• Adhikary SD, Liu WM, Fuller E, Cruz Eng H, Chin KJ. The effect of erector spinae plane (ESP) block on respiratory and analgesic outcomes in multiple rib fractures: a retrospective cohort study. Anaesthesia. 2019;74(5):585–93. This large retrospective cohort study demonstrates that the ESP block can significantly improve respiratory function and analgesia after multiple rib fractures and is thus a useful therapeutic intervention in trauma. PubMed

51.

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52.

•• Adhikary SD, Prasad A, Soleimani B, Chin KJ. Continuous erector spinae plane block as an effective analgesic option in anticoagulated patients after left ventricular assist device implantation: a case series. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019;33(4):1063–1067. This is an important paper that demonstrates the relative safety of the ESP block in fully heparinized patients.

53.

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54.

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55.

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57.

Wong J, Navaratnam M, Boltz G, Maeda K, Ramamurthi RJ, Tsui BCH. Bilateral continuous erector spinae plane blocks for sternotomy in a pediatric cardiac patient. J Clin Anesth. 2018;47:82–3.PubMed

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59.

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66.

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67.

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68.

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69.

Elkoundi A, Eloukkal Z, Bensghir M, Belyamani L, Lalaoui SJ. Erector spinae plane block for hyperalgesic acute pancreatitis. Pain Med. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pny232.

70.

Aydin ME, Ahiskalioglu A, Tekin E, Ozkaya F, Ahiskalioglu EO, Bayramoglu A. Relief of refractory renal colic in emergency department: a novel indication for ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block. Am J Emerg Med. 2018; (Epub ahead of print).

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74.

Tekin E, Ahiskalioglu A, Aydin ME, Sengun E, Bayramoglu A, Alici HA. High-thoracic ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for acute herpes zoster pain management in emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37:375.e1–3.

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Alici HA, Ahiskalioglu A, Aydin ME, Ahiskalioglu EO, Celik M. High volume single injection lumbar erector spinae plane block provides effective analgesia for lower extremity herpes zoster. J Clin Anesth. 2018;54:136–7.PubMed

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83.

Tulgar S, Ermis MN, Ozer Z. Combination of lumbar erector spinae plane block and transmuscular quadratus lumborum block for surgical anaesthesia in hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture. Indian J Anaesth. 2018;62:802–5.PubMedPubMedCentral

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Titel: Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) Block: a New Paradigm in Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia
verfasst von: Ki Jinn Chin
Sanjib Das Adhikary
Mauricio Forero
Publikationsdatum: 02.05.2019
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Anesthesiology Reports / Ausgabe 3/2019
Elektronische ISSN: 2167-6275
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40140-019-00333-0

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Speckle Tracking Strain Echocardiography: On Its Way into the Operating Room

Levosimendan: What Have We Learned So Far?

Upper Limb Blocks: Advances in Anesthesiology Research

From the Physiology to the Bedside: Fluid Therapy in Cardiac Surgery and the ICU

Neurological Complications in Cardiac Surgery

Local Anesthetic Additives for Regional Anesthesia: a Review of Current Literature and Clinical Application

Neu im Fachgebiet AINS

Magen-Darm-Blutungen werden präklinisch oft falsch eingeschätzt

Sepsis-Verdacht: Eine Stunde, fünf essenzielle Maßnahmen

Hinter dieser Appendizitis steckte ein Erreger

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

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