nach oben

Drugs

Erschienen in:

01.06.2014 | Leading Article

Lithium in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

verfasst von: Tom Bschor

Erschienen in: Drugs | Ausgabe 8/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Recent high-quality studies have confirmed the central role of lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder and have established lithium as the drug of first choice for long-term prophylaxis in this condition. However, several indications for its use in unipolar major depression are also based on sound evidence. This includes lithium augmentation as a main strategy for depressed patients not responding to an antidepressant, lithium prophylaxis for recurrent unipolar depression as an alternative to prophylaxis with an antidepressant, and lithium’s unique anti-suicidal properties. Lithium monotherapy, on the other hand, is not established for acute treatment of depression. Lithium therapy should be a core competency of every psychiatrist, enabling the safe use of lithium, to the benefit of our patients.

Lange C. Om periodiske Depressionstilstande og deres Patogenese. Kjøbenhavn: Jacob Lunds Forlag; 1886.

Cade JF. Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement. Med J Aust. 1949;2(10):349–52.PubMed

Baastrup PC, Schou M. Lithium as a prophylactic agents. Its effect against recurrent depressions and manic-depressive psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1967;16(2):162–72.PubMedCrossRef

Schou M. Normothymotics, “Mood-Normalizers”: are lithium and the imipramine drugs specific for affective disorders? Br J Psychiatry. 1963;109:803–9.PubMedCrossRef

Baastrup PC, Poulsen JC, Schou M, Thomsen K, Amdisen A. Prophylactic lithium: double blind discontinuation in manic-depressive and recurrent-depressive disorders. Lancet. 1970;2(7668):326–30.PubMedCrossRef

Pfennig A, Bschor T, Falkai P, Bauer M. The diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder: recommendations from the current S3 Guideline. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013;110(6):92–100.PubMedCentralPubMed

Licht RW. Lithium: still a major option in the management of bipolar disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2012;18(3):219–26.PubMedCrossRef

Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Berghöfer A, Bauer M. Bipolar disorder. Lancet. 2002;359(9302):241–7.PubMedCrossRef

Geddes JR, Miklowitz DJ. Treatment of bipolar disorder. Lancet. 2013;381(9878):1672–82.PubMedCrossRef

10.

Cipriani A, Barbui C, Salanti G, Rendell J, Brown R, Stockton S, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antimanic drugs in acute mania: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;378(9799):1306–15.PubMedCrossRef

11.

Burgess S, Geddes J, Hawton K, Townsend E, Jamison K, Goodwin G. Lithium for maintenance treatment of mood disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(2):CD003013.

12.

Cipriani A, Smith K, Burgess S, Carney S, Goodwin G, Geddes J. Lithium versus antidepressants in the long-term treatment of unipolar affective disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD003492.

13.

Baethge C, Gruschka P, Smolka MN, Berghofer A, Bschor T, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, et al. Effectiveness and outcome predictors of long-term lithium prophylaxis in unipolar major depressive disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003;28(5):355–61.PubMedCentralPubMed

14.

DGPPN, BÄK, KBV, AWMF, AkdÄ, BPtK, BApK, DAGSHG, DEGAM, DGPM, DGPs, DGRW (eds.) for the Guideline Group Unipolar Depression*. S3-Guideline/National Disease Management Guideline Unipolar Depression. Short Version. 2009. DGPPN, ÄZQ, AWMF - Berlin, Düsseldorf 2009. http://www.dgppn.de, http://www.versorgungsleitlinien.de, http://www.awmf-leitlinien.de.

15.

Bauer M, Bschor T, Pfennig A, Whybrow PC, Angst J, Versiani M, et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders in primary care. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2007;8(2):67–104.PubMedCrossRef

16.

NICE—National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health NIoCE. Depression. The treatment and management of depression in adults NICE clinical guideline; 2009.

17.

Adli M, Bschor T, Canata B, Döpfmer S, Bauer M. Lithium in the treatment of acute depression. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1998;66(10):435–41.PubMedCrossRef

18.

Arieli A, Lepkifker E. The antidepressant effect of lithium. Curr Dev Psychopharmacol. 1981;6:165–90.PubMedCrossRef

19.

Khan MC, Wickham EA, Reed JV. Lithium versus placebo in acute depression: a clinical trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1987;2(1):47–54.PubMedCrossRef

20.

Bschor T, Uhr M, Baethge C, Lewitzka U, Ising M, Erbe S, et al. Acute antidepressive efficacy of lithium monotherapy, not citalopram, depends on recurrent course of depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;33(1):38–44.PubMedCrossRef

21.

Köhler S, Gaus S, Bschor T. The challenge of treatment in bipolar depression: evidence from clinical guidelines, treatment recommendations and complex treatment situations. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2014;47(2):53–9.PubMedCrossRef

22.

Bschor T. Therapy-resistant depression. Expert Rev Neurother. 2010;10(1):77–86.PubMedCrossRef

23.

De Montigny C, Grunberg F, Mayer A, Deschenes JP. Lithium induces rapid relief of depression in tricyclic antidepressant drug non-responders. Br J Psychiatry. 1981;138:252–6.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Bschor T, Bauer M. Efficacy and mechanisms of action of lithium augmentation in refractory major depression. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(23):2985–92.PubMedCrossRef

25.

Bauer M, Crossley NA, Gerber S, Bschor T. The acute antidepressive effects of lithium: from monotherapy to augmentation therapy in major depression. In: Bauer M, Grof P, Müller-Oerlinghausen B, editors. Lithium in neuropsychiatry. The comprehensive guide. London: Informa Healthcare; 2006. p. 109–27.CrossRef

26.

Crossley NA, Bauer M. Acceleration and augmentation of antidepressants with lithium for depressive disorders: two meta-analyses of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(6):935–40.PubMedCrossRef

27.

Baumann P, Nil R, Souche A, Montaldi S, Baettig D, Lambert S, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of citalopram with and without lithium in the treatment of therapy-resistant depressive patients: a clinical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacogenetic investigation. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996;16(4):307–14.PubMedCrossRef

28.

Katona CL, Abou-Saleh MT, Harrison DA, Nairac BA, Edwards DR, Lock T, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of lithium augmentation of fluoxetine and lofepramine. Br J Psychiatry. 1995;166(1):80–6.PubMedCrossRef

29.

Bauer M, Döpfmer S. Lithium augmentation in treatment-resistant depression: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999;19(5):427–34.PubMedCrossRef

30.

Bauer M, Bschor T, Kunz D, Berghöfer A, Ströhle A, Müller-Oerlinghausen B. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the use of lithium to augment antidepressant medication in continuation treatment of unipolar major depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(9):1429–35.PubMedCrossRef

31.

Bschor T, Berghöfer A, Ströhle A, Kunz D, Adli M, Müller-Oerlinghausen B, et al. How long should the lithium augmentation strategy be maintained? A 1-year follow-up of a placebo-controlled study in unipolar refractory major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002;22(4):427–30.PubMedCrossRef

32.

APA. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder. 3rd ed. Arlington (VA): APA; 2010. http://psychiatryonline.org/pdfaccess.ashx?ResourceID=243261&PDFSource=6.

33.

Köhler S, Unger T, Hoffmann S, Steinacher B, Fydrich T, Bschor T. Comparing augmentation with non-antidepressants over sticking to antidepressants after treatment failure in depression: a naturalistic study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2013;46(2):69–76.PubMed

34.

Adli M, Baethge C, Heinz A, Langlitz N, Bauer M. Is dose escalation of antidepressants a rational strategy after a medium-dose treatment has failed? A systematic review. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005;255(6):387–400.PubMedCrossRef

35.

Bschor T, Baethge C. No evidence for switching the antidepressant: systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs of a common therapeutic strategy. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;121(3):174–9.PubMedCrossRef

36.

Hawton K, Casanas ICC, Haw C, Saunders K. Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2013;147(1–3):17–28.PubMedCrossRef

37.

Tondo L, Hennen J, Baldessarini RJ. Lower suicide risk with long-term lithium treatment in major affective illness: a meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001;104(3):163–72.PubMedCrossRef

38.

Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Hennen J. Lithium treatment and suicide risk in major affective disorders: update and new findings. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(Suppl 5):44–52.PubMed

39.

Guzzetta F, Tondo L, Centorrino F, Baldessarini RJ. Lithium treatment reduces suicide risk in recurrent major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(3):380–3.PubMedCrossRef

40.

Cipriani A, Hawton K, Stockton S, Geddes JR. Lithium in the prevention of suicide in mood disorders: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:f3646.PubMedCrossRef

41.

Lauterbach E, Felber W, Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Ahrens B, Bronisch T, Meyer T, et al. Adjunctive lithium treatment in the prevention of suicidal behaviour in depressive disorders: a randomised, placebo-controlled, 1-year trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008;118(6):469–79.PubMedCrossRef

42.

Khan A, Khan S, Kolts R, Brown WA. Suicide rates in clinical trials of SSRIs, other antidepressants, and placebo: analysis of FDA reports. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(4):790–2.PubMedCrossRef

43.

Khan A, Khan SR, Leventhal RM, Brown WA. Symptom reduction and suicide risk in patients treated with placebo in antidepressant clinical trials: a replication analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Database. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001;4(2):113–8.PubMedCrossRef

44.

Khan A, Warner HA, Brown WA. Symptom reduction and suicide risk in patients treated with placebo in antidepressant clinical trials: an analysis of the Food and Drug Administration database. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(4):311–7.PubMedCrossRef

45.

Gunnell D, Saperia J, Ashby D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and suicide in adults: meta-analysis of drug company data from placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials submitted to the MHRA’s safety review. BMJ. 2005;330(7488):385.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

46.

Hammad TA, Laughren TP, Racoosin JA. Suicide rates in short-term randomized controlled trials of newer antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;26(2):203–7.PubMedCrossRef

47.

Fergusson D, Doucette S, Glass KC, Shapiro S, Healy D, Hebert P, et al. Association between suicide attempts and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2005;330(7488):396.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

48.

Storosum JG, van Zwieten BJ, van den Brink W, Gersons BP, Broekmans AW. Suicide risk in placebo-controlled studies of major depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(8):1271–5.PubMedCrossRef

49.

Goodwin FK, Fireman B, Simon GE, Hunkeler EM, Lee J, Revicki D. Suicide risk in bipolar disorder during treatment with lithium and divalproex. JAMA. 2003;290(11):1467–73.PubMedCrossRef

50.

Can A, Schulze TG, Gould TD. Molecular actions and clinical pharmacogenetics of lithium therapy. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2014.02.004.

51.

Rybakowski JK. Genetic influences on response to mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder: current status of knowledge. CNS Drugs. 2013;27(3):165–73.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

52.

Malhi GS, Tanious M, Das P, Coulston CM, Berk M. Potential mechanisms of action of lithium in bipolar disorder. Current understanding. CNS Drugs. 2013;27(2):135–53.PubMedCrossRef

53.

Berghöfer A, Grof P, Müller-Oerlinghausen B. Recommendations for the safe use of lithium. In: Bauer M, Grof P, Müller-Oerlinghausen B, editors. Lithium in neuropsychiatry. The comprehensive guide. London: Informa healthcare; 2006. p. 443–64.CrossRef

54.

McKnight RF, Adida M, Budge K, Stockton S, Goodwin GM, Geddes JR. Lithium toxicity profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2013;379(9817):721–8.CrossRef

Titel: Lithium in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
verfasst von: Tom Bschor
Publikationsdatum: 01.06.2014
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Drugs / Ausgabe 8/2014
Print ISSN: 0012-6667
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-1950
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-014-0220-x

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2014

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antifungals in Children: Clinical Implications

Next-Generation Phosphate Binders: Focus on Iron-Based Binders

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in the Treatment of Tuberculosis: An Update

First-Line and Maintenance Therapy for Ovarian Cancer: Current Status and Future Directions

Tofogliflozin: First Global Approval

Albiglutide: First Global Approval