Abstract
Purpose
Orthorexia nervosa, or pathological dieting based on being “healthy,” has been of growing interest. Clinical data are limited to less than a half-dozen case studies reporting instances of medical problems due to healthful eating. However, more than a dozen studies using a measure to identify orthorexia, the ORTO-15, report very high prevalence rates in non-clinical samples. Point prevalence rates are reported from 6 % to nearly 90 %. Such variability could be due to cultural issues or psychometric problems with the instrument. This study examines prevalence rate of orthorexia in a US sample.
Method
The ORTO-15 was administered to 275 US college students along with other questions regarding diet, exercise, and health.
Results
While the ORTO-15 indicated a prevalence rate of 71 %, only 20 % of the sample endorsed a dietary practice of removing a particular food type (e.g. meat) from their diet. Those who endorsed following a vegan diet had the highest (less pathological) mean ORTO-15 score. Further, when classifying participants based on their seriousness about healthy eating and whether their diet had led to impairment in everyday activities and medical problems, less than 1 % of the sample fell into such a category.
Conclusion
As in other countries, a large proportion of a non-clinical US sample scored in the orthorexia range on the ORTO-15. However, this instrument is likely unable to distinguish between healthy eating and pathologically healthful eating. Our estimate is that orthorexia nervosa like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, is not a common condition.
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Notes
Brytek-Matera et al. [15] refer to the ORTO-15 as the “ORTHO-15” and do not give an explanation as to why. It is possible that this is an issue with translation.
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge Peter Ray Concepcion for his assistance in data collection.
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The authors disclose that we have no conflicts of interest with this research and are not receiving any consideration with this work.
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Prior to data collection, this study was approved by our university’s institutional review board for the ethical treatment of human participants in research. The project was given “exempt” status.
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All participants read informed consent statements. As our study consisted solely of anonymous questionnaires, and a signed consent statement would be the sole way to identify participants, they provided consent by taking the anonymous questionnaire.
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Dunn, T.M., Gibbs, J., Whitney, N. et al. Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa is less than 1 %: data from a US sample. Eat Weight Disord 22, 185–192 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-016-0258-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-016-0258-8