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Measurement of muscle mass in sarcopenia: from imaging to biochemical markers

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Abstract

Sarcopenia encompasses the loss of muscle mass and strength/function during aging. Several methods are available for the estimation of muscle or lean body mass. Popular assessment tools include body imaging techniques (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, dual X-ray absorptiometry, ultrasonography), bioelectric impedance analysis, anthropometric parameters (e.g., calf circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference), and biochemical markers (total or partial body potassium, serum and urinary creatinine, deuterated creatine dilution method). The heterogeneity of the populations to be evaluated as well as the setting in which sarcopenia is investigated impacts the definition of “gold standard” assessment techniques. The aim of this article is to critically review available methods for muscle mass estimation, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of each of them as well as their proposed field of application.

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Acknowledgements

The present work was funded by a Grant from the Innovative Medicines Initiative—Joint Undertaking (IMI-JU 115621). The work was also partly supported by the “Centro Studi Achille e Linda Lorenzon” (E.M., R.C.), Fondazione Roma (NCDs Call for Proposals 2013; E.M., R.C.), and intramural research grants from the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (D3.2 2013 and D3.2 2015; E.M., F.L., M.T., R.C.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy

    Matteo Tosato, Emanuele Marzetti, Giulia Savera, Roberto Bernabei, Francesco Landi & Riccardo Calvani

  2. Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France

    Matteo Cesari

  3. Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

    Matteo Cesari

  4. Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland

    Ram R. Miller

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  1. Matteo Tosato
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Correspondence to Riccardo Calvani.

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The authors of the present work are partners of the SPRINTT Consortium, which is partly funded by the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). E.M. served as a consultant for Huron Consulting Group, Genactis and Novartis. M.C. served as a consultant for and/or received honoraria for scientific presentations from Nestlé.

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Tosato, M., Marzetti, E., Cesari, M. et al. Measurement of muscle mass in sarcopenia: from imaging to biochemical markers. Aging Clin Exp Res 29, 19–27 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-016-0717-0

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