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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Fetal Medicine 2016; 03(04): 151-157
DOI: 10.1007/s40556-016-0100-4
Review Article

Basic Biostatistical Concepts for the Fetal Physician—I: The 2 ⅹ 2 Table and Its Derivatives

K. Manikandan 
1   Mediscan Systems, 197, Dr Natesan Road, Mylapore, 600004, Chennai, India
,
Sudarshan Suresh
1   Mediscan Systems, 197, Dr Natesan Road, Mylapore, 600004, Chennai, India
,
Suresh Seshadri
1   Mediscan Systems, 197, Dr Natesan Road, Mylapore, 600004, Chennai, India
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Abstract

In the field of fetal medicine, correct interpretation and optimal utilization of diagnostic tests and signs have a major impact on the pregnancy outcome. The attributes of a diagnostic test, such as sensitivity and specificity, and the attributes of a test result such as positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios are important yet poorly utilized concepts in clinical practice. This paper explains these concepts using simple language and examples from the fetal medicine literature.

Keywords

Diagnostic test - Sensitivity - Specificity - Likelihood ratio - Pretest probability - Post-test probability - Positive predictive value - Negative predictive value


Publication History

Received: 15 June 2016

Accepted: 04 August 2016

Article published online:
08 May 2023

© 2016. Society of Fetal Medicine. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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