Anthropometric proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face in young white adults

doi:10.1016/0002-9416(84)90276-8

American Journal of Orthodontics

Volume 86, Issue 1, July 1984, Pages 52-60

https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(84)90276-8 Get rights and content

Abstract

The relationships between measurements of the lower lip, chin, upper lip, and lower half and lower third of the face were studied. Fifteen new indices were formed with the help of eleven vertical linear, one horizontal linear, and two surface-arc measurements in the area. Neoclassic canons related to the lower face were not confirmed. On the average, the lower lip was 83% to 85% as large as the upper lip. The upper lip occupied one third of the lower face, while the lower lip occupied more than one third of the lower third of the face and the chin occupied the remainder. Skin covered 73.5% of the upper lip in males and 68% in females; it covered 63% of the lower lip in males and 61.1% in females. The remainder was covered by vermilion, more on the lower than on the upper lip and more protruding in females than in males. Proportion standards are a valuable contribution to the surface anatomy of the lower face of young white adults.

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Citation Excerpt :
The overall upper lip height from supramentale to stomion (23.6 vs 20.6 mm) as well as the cutaneous skin to vermilion ratio is measured to be larger in male subjects. However, upper incisor show in female subjects is greater in comparison to male subjects (about 4 vs 2 mm, respectively).19,20 However, some studies reported that the height of the upper vermilion is not significantly different between male and female subjects.19,21
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^☆: Supported by Grant 9725 of the Conn Smythe Foundation for Crippled Children, Toronto, Canada.

^∗: Research Institute at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

^∗∗: Department of Behavioral Neurology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center for Mental Retardation, Waltham, Mass.

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Original articleAnthropometric proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face in young white adults☆

Abstract

Int J Orthod

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod

Am J orthod

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod

Leonardo da Vinci's advice to artists

On facial balance and harmony

Angle Orthod

The question of extraction in orthodontia

Am J Orthod

Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery

J Oral Surg

Anthropometry of the head and face in medicine

Study of the proportions of the head, Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana

Original article
Anthropometric proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face in young white adults☆