A comparison between chlorhexidine and some quaternary ammonium compounds with regard to retention, salivary concentration and plaque-inhibiting effect in the human mouth after mouth rinses
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Pharmaceutical agent cetylpyridinium chloride inhibits immune mast cell function by interfering with calcium mobilization
2023, Food and Chemical ToxicologyCetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) reduces zebrafish mortality from influenza infection: Super-resolution microscopy reveals CPC interference with multiple protein interactions with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in immune function
2022, Toxicology and Applied PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Widespread use of CPC is mostly attributed to its antibacterial action, for example against plaque and gingivitis (Witt et al., 2005) via oral care products. While very little information has been published regarding exposure levels and metabolism of CPC in humans or other eukaryotes following product exposure, CPC is retained in the oral mucosa for long periods of time after product usage, as indicated by slow release of substantial CPC concentrations into the saliva (Bonesvoll and Gjermo, 1978). Alternative therapeutic uses for this over-the-counter drug, beyond antibacterial action, could be powerful.
Virucidal activity of oral care products against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro
2021, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and PathologyCitation Excerpt :However, a previous clinical case study showed that CHX mouthwash transiently decreased the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva [13]. Since CHX can retain on a surface of the oral cavity for several hours due to its cationic feature, the long-lasting effect in vivo might lead to reduce the viral load compared to neutralize the antiseptic in a short contact time in vitro [23]. But, there are few researches about CHX mouthwash against SARS-CoV-2, so more in vivo investigations of the antiviral effect of CHX mouthwash are necessary.
Glass ionomer cements with milled, dry chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate filler particles to provide long-term antimicrobial properties with recharge capacity
2018, Dental MaterialsCitation Excerpt :CHX in commercial products is typically present as the CHX digluconate salt which is highly soluble and thus has poor substantivity, usually providing only short term antimicrobial function before it is depleted. CHX concentrations in saliva fall rapidly after an oral rinse, with 90% of the initially retained CHX cleared from the mouth within 6 h and 98% cleared within 12 h [4]. One product used for treatment of periodontal disease provides sustained CHX release, but 80% of the CHX is released within the first 2 days, with a much lower release over the following 3–4 weeks [5].
Stability and efficacy of combined nystatin and chlorhexidine against suspensions and biofilms of Candida albicans
2018, Archives of Oral BiologyCitation Excerpt :Some authors (Gaibi, 2006), however, have alleged that MIC in in vitro studies is much higher than drug concentrations used in routine clinical practice, and for this reason, the drugs would react with each other, which would not happen in clinical situations. On the other hand, it has been reported that chlorhexidine concentrations in saliva after 12 h are around 20 mg/L, which in fact is much higher than the MIC reported by various previous studies (Bonesvoll & Gjermo, 1978; Salim, Moore, Silikas, Satterthwaite, & Rautemaa, 2013) and here. Moreover, our HPLC assay used nystatin and chlorhexidine at clinical concentrations and indeed found high degradation of both drugs in the mixture, which suggests a chemical reaction between them, even at clinical concentrations.