Full paperNumber of mitochondria and some properties of mitochondrial DNA in the mouse egg☆
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2020, Experimental GerontologyCitation Excerpt :Homozygous mutant embryos for mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (Tfam), a mitochondrial transcription factor necessary for mtDNA replication, proceed to implantation and gastrulation, but die prior to embryonic day 10.5, suggesting that neither mitochondrial biogenesis nor mtDNA replication are activated during these stages (Larsson et al., 1998). Consequently, it has been described that mature oocytes before fertilization and egg-cylinder-stage embryos contain similar levels of mtDNA, approximately 100,000 copies per embryos (Ebert et al., 1988; Piko and Matsumoto, 1976; Piko and Taylor, 1987). Thus, the existing mitochondria are distributed between daughter cells in each cell division and the original mitochondrial load from oocyte must be sufficient to meet the energy requirements of the blastomeres during successive cell divisions.
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2019, Fertility and SterilityCitation Excerpt :It is noteworthy that despite a significant increase in the total number of mitochondria throughout follicle maturation, oocyte mitochondria density (number of mitochondria/cytosol area) and mitochondria coverage (total mitochondrial area/cytosol area) decrease with follicular development, likely due to rapid increase in oocyte volume (20). Importantly, oocyte is the primary source of mitochondria during early preimplantation development, as mitochondria are maternally-inherited, and the total number of mitochondria and mtDNA copy number remain unchanged during fertilization and cleavage divisions (18, 21, 22). Resumption of mtDNA replication is first observed in the trophectoderm cells upon blastocyst formation, consistent with the significant increase in the energy needs of the embryo (23–26).
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This work was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grant No. CA-16155 from the National Cancer Institute.
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Dr. Matsumoto was the recipient of a National Institutes of Health postdoctoral fellowship, No. CA-53287, from the National Cancer Institute.