A comparison of commercially available adjuvants for use in research

doi:10.1016/0022-1759(92)90302-A

Journal of Immunological Methods

Volume 153, Issues 1–2, 30 August 1992, Pages 31-40

https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(92)90302-A Get rights and content

Abstract

We evaluated an adjuvant, TiterMax, as an alternative to complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) fo producing antisera in animals. TiterMax, consists of a microparticulate stabilized water-in-oil emulsion of a metabolizable oil, squalene, with the adjuvant block copolymer CRL89-41. This paper reports two evaluations of TiterMax versus CFA and other commercially available adjuvants. In the first study, mice were immunized with a hapten, trinitrophenol, conjugated to hen egg albumin (TNP-HEA) in one of several adjuvants: TiterMax, CFA, Adjuvax, Ribi adjuvant system (RAS), Alhydrogel or Lipovant. TiterMax induced higher longer lasting titers with fewer injections than any of the other adjuvants. The magnitude of the response to TNP varied with species and route of immunization. In the second study, CFA, TiterMax, Adjuvax and RAS were compared in rabbits, mice and goats. Animals were immunized with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) conjugated to BSA in each adjuvant using comparable protocols. TiterMax induced titers against the peptide equivalent to CFA in all three species. The inflammatory responses induced by TiterMax were mild and transient compared with those induced by CFA. These data suggest that TiterMax is an effective alternative to CFA in many situations.

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^☆: Supported by grant #6-38943 from CytRx Corporation to Emory University. Robert Hunter is Vice President and Director of Research for CytRx Corporation. This study was presented as a poster at the 1991 FASEB Meeting (abstract #1464).

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A comparison of commercially available adjuvants for use in research☆

Abstract

Vaccine

Vaccine

Control of animal pain and distress in antibody production and infectious disease studies

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.

Theory of emulsions: stability

A retrospective review of lesions associated with the use of Freund's adjuvant

Lab. Animal Sci.

Sensitization and antibody formation after injection of tubercle bacilli and paraffin oil