Prevalence and risk factors associated with leukoplakia, hairy leukoplakia, erythematous candidiasis, and gingival hyperplasia in renal transplant recipients

https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(94)90086-8Get rights and content

Abstract

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of intraoral lesions in renal transplant recipients and to identify possible risk factors. The oral mucosa of 159 renal transplant recipients and 160 control patients was examined. The most common lesion in renal transplant recipients was cyclosporin-induced gingival hyperplasia (prevalence 22%) and patients with gingival hyperplasia were found to be taking significantly more cyclosporin-A than those without (p < 0.001). The prevalence of hairy leukoplakia and leukoplakia in renal transplant recipients was 11.3% and 10.7%, respectively, compared with 0% and 5.6% in the controls. Oral candidiasis was observed in 9.4% of renal transplant recipients compared with 2.5% of the controls; 3.8% of renal transplant recipients exhibited erythematous candidiasis, but this was not seen in the controls. Renal transplant recipients had a significantly increased risk of developing gingival hyperplasia (p < 0.0001), oral candidiasis (p < 0.005), and two other conditions that have a well-established association with the immune suppression accompanying HIV infection, hairy leukoplakia (p < 0.0001) and erythematous candidiasis (p < 0.01).

References (58)

  • G Niedobitek et al.

    Epstein-Barr virus persistence and virus-associated tumours

    Lancet

    (1994)
  • JE Bouquot et al.

    Leukoplakia, lichen planus, and other oral keratoses in 23,616 Americans over 35 years of age

    Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol

    (1986)
  • JE Bouquot

    Reviewing oral leukoplakia: clinical concepts for the 1990s

    J Am Dent Assoc

    (1991)
  • JE Bouquot

    Common oral lesions found during a mass screening examination

    J Am Dent Assoc

    (1986)
  • MJ Knapp

    Oral disease in 181,338 consecutive oral examinations

    J Am Dent Assoc

    (1971)
  • LP Samaranayake

    Oral mycoses in HIV infection

    Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol

    (1992)
  • JB Epstein et al.

    Risk factors for oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients who receive radiation therapy for malignant conditions of the head and neck

    Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol

    (1993)
  • MT Glover et al.

    Nonmelanoma skin cancer in renal transplant recipients: the extent of the problem and a strategy for management

    Br J Plast Surg

    (1994)
  • MH Bunney et al.

    Human papilloma virus type 5 and skin cancer in renal allograft recipients

    Lancet

    (1987)
  • D Shuttleworth et al.

    Dysplastic epidermal change in immunosuppressed patients with renal transplants

    Q J Med

    (1987)
  • I Penn

    Tumours of the immunocompromised patient

    Ann Rev Med

    (1988)
  • EO Hoxtell et al.

    Incidence of skin carcinoma after renal transplantation

    Arch Dermatol

    (1977)
  • I Blohme et al.

    Malignant disease in renal transplant patients

    Transplantation

    (1985)
  • I Blohme et al.

    Premalignant and malignant skin lesions in renal transplant patients

    Transplantation

    (1984)
  • GN King et al.

    Gingival hyperplasia in renal allograft recipients receiving cyclosporin-A and calcium antagonists

    J Clin Periodontol

    (1993)
  • D Greenspan et al.

    Oral hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-negative renal transplant recipient

    J Oral Pathol Med

    (1989)
  • S Syrjanen et al.

    Oral hairy leukoplakia is not a specific sign of HIV-infection but related to immunosuppression in general

    J Oral Pathol Med

    (1989)
  • A Schmidt-Westhausen et al.

    Epstein-Barr virus in lingual epithelium of liver transplant patients

    J Oral Pathol Med

    (1993)
  • M Kellnet

    Oral white plaques in uraemic patients

    Br Dent J

    (1983)
  • Cited by (0)

    a

    Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology.

    b

    Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology.

    c

    Senior Registrar, Department of Dermatology.

    d

    Senior Registrar, Department of Nephrology.

    e

    Professor, Joint Department of Oral Pathology with the Institute of Dental Surgery.

    f

    Professor, Department of Dermatology.

    g

    Formerly Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology (now Professor of Medicine in Dentistry, School of Dental Science, University of Manchester).

    View full text