Spatial interaction

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Abstract

The paper begins with a general introduction on the problems of understanding complex systems and, in particular, problems of urban systems analysis. It is noted that many models used in urban systems analysis employ some notion of spatial interaction: the interaction between activities located at different points in space. It is shown in general terms how to construct models of spatial interaction in a number of different circumstances. Examples are given of each of the main types of model by referring to shopping centre location, residential location and the journey to work. The final section of the paper discusses the interrelationships between different models of spatial interaction.

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    Popular approaches are based on floating catchment areas (Guagliardo, 2004; Luo, 2004; Comber et al., 2011; Ngui and Apparicio, 2011); however, the methods may estimate demand inaccurately over the system because they were initially developed simply to overcome the regional boundary issue. Spatial interactions, known as spatial flows, refer to economic or demographic flows between different locations, and imply a complementarity between two places engaged in a supply–demand relationship which is subject to certain costs (Hayes and Wilson, 1971; Bennett et al., 1985). Spatial interaction models (Wilson, 1967, 1971; Boltzmann, 2008) (SIMs) are thus especially suited to study the spatial interaction between providers and population locations in a healthcare network.

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