Cell
Volume 56, Issue 3, 10 February 1989, Page 331
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Letter to the editor
Biased hypermutation of viral RNA genomes could be due to unwinding/modification of double-stranded RNA

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Cited by (139)

  • Inosine and its methyl derivatives: Occurrence, biogenesis, and function in RNA

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    Depletion of ADAR1 leads to reduction of the immune tolerance of cancer cells and hence has been suggested to be beneficial for cancer therapy (reviewed in Nakahama and Kawahara, 2020). The influence of the ADAR enzymes and A-to-I editing process on viral defense has been investigated in several studies (Cattaneo et al., 1988; Bass et al., 1989; Wong and Lazinski, 2002; Taylor et al., 2005; Samuel, 2011; Ward et al., 2011). Viral dsRNA structures arise from genomic RNA (of dsRNA viruses), transcription of genomic DNA (of DNA viruses), replication of ssRNA viruses as well as secondary structures (hairpin) within viral mRNA and it has been found that ADARs are capable of editing viral dsRNAs (Mannion et al., 2015).

  • Stronger together: Multi-genome transmission of measles virus

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    Remarkably, a significant fraction of the changes in MeV RNA from the brains of SSPE patients were accounted by large clusters of biased transitions (U-to-C or A-to-G, depending on the polarity of the strand analyzed), an unprecedented finding when these studies were published (Cattaneo et al., 1988). Shortly thereafter, it was proposed that the newly discovered cellular enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) (Bass and Weintraub, 1988; Wagner et al., 1989), which converts adenosine residues to inosine in double-stranded RNA, may cause these A-to-I hypermutation events (Bass et al., 1989). Subsequently, similar A-to-I editing events were detected in several other RNA virus genomes (Cattaneo, 1994), including the Chinese MeV vaccine strain Shanghai-191 (Rota et al., 1994).

  • RNA epigenetics and cardiovascular diseases

    2019, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
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    RNA editing was first identified more than 30 years ago as an unwinding activity of transfected RNA duplexes in Xenopus laevis embryos [32,33]. This was the result of covalent modification of RNA and was specific to double-stranded RNAs [34]. Editing is an important mechanism regulating gene expression at the RNA level, but only recently have methodological advances enabled a thorough investigation and highlighted an essential role for editing in cell physiology [35].

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  • Biased hypermutation occurred frequently in a gene inserted into the IC323 recombinant measles virus during its persistence in the brains of nude mice

    2014, Virology
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    Among the genes of MV strains isolated from the brain cells of patients with SSPE, biased hypermutation has been most frequently and intensively found in the M gene (Ayata et al., 1989; Cattaneo et al., 1989). The molecular mechanism underlying these mutations has been attributed to the host cellular enzyme ADAR (Bass et al., 1989). Of the three known types of ADAR, ADAR1 is an interferon-inducible adenosine deaminase and catalyzes the C-6 deamination of A to inosine (I) in double-stranded RNA substrates (George et al., 2011; Toth et al., 2006).

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