The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): Factors derived from the HSCL-90

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Abstract

A factor analysis of the 90-item version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, performed on the pretreatment self-ratings of nonpsychotic outpatients with symptoms of depression and anxiety, revealed the presence of 8 clinically meaningful factors. These eight orthogonal factors each contained at least 5 items with loadings above 0.40 and explained 4.5% or more of the matrix variance. They were labeled Somatization, Phobic- Anxiety, Retarded Depression, Agitated Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Anger-Hostility and Psychoticism.

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      We used the face-to-face version consisting of 100 Kanji compound words. The Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL) (Derogatis et al., 1974; Lipman et al., 1979) and the Japanese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (Buysse et al., 1989; Doi et al., 2000) were used to evaluate self-rated distress symptoms and sleep quality, respectively. Psychotic symptoms of patients were evaluated by trained psychiatrists using the Japanese version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (Kay et al., 1987; Igarashi et al., 1998) and were represented by the scores of the five-factor model (van der Gaag et al., 2006a, 2006b).

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    These data were collected under the supervision of Arthur K. Shapiro, M.D., at the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic of Cornell University Medical College. The computations were done under the direction of Robert R. Rawlings, M.S., Division of Computer Systems, ADAMHA.

    This research was supported in part by US Public Health Service grant MH-26101 to the Johns Hopkins University.

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