Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels decreased in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus

doi:10.1016/0168-8227(95)01040-K

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

Volume 27, Issue 3, March 1995, Pages 181-188

https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-8227(95)01040-K Get rights and content

Abstract

A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a New Zealand Polynesian and Caucasian workforce of 5677 staff aged 40–64 years to determine whether serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ are altered in people with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ concentration was significantly lower in newly detected cases with diabetes and IGT (n = 238) compared with controls individually matched by sex, age (± 2 years), ethnicity, and date of interview (mean (S.D.): 69 (31) vs. 76 (34) nmol/l; P = 0.0016). Among controls, serum concentrations were significantly lower in Maori (mean (S.E.) = 65 (5) nmol/l; P = 0.0013) and Pacific Islanders (59 (4) nmol/l; P = 0.0001) compared with Europeans (82 (3) nmol/l), after adjusting for age, sex, and time of year. We conclude that diabetes and IGT are associated with low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ and that low concentrations of this hormone in New Zealand Polynesians may partly explain their increased prevalence of diabetes/IGT compared with Europeans.

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Increasing evidence suggests a beneficial role of vitamin D (VitD) supplementation in addressing the widespread VitD deficiency, but currently used VitD3 formulations present low bioavailability and toxicity constrains. Hence, poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were investigated to circumvent these issues. PLGA NPs prepared by emulsification or nanoprecipitation presented 74 or 200 nm, and association efficiency (AE) of 68 % and 17 %, respectively, and a rapid burst release of VitD3. Both SLN and NLCs presented higher polydispersity and larger NPs size, around 500 nm, which could be reduced to around 200 nm by use of hot high-pressure homogenization in the case of NLCs. VitD3 was efficiently loaded in both SLNs and NLCs with an AE of 82 and 99 %, respectively. While SLNs showed burst release, NLCs allowed a sustained release of VitD3 for nearly one month. Furthermore, NLCs showed high stability with maintenance of VitD3 loading for up to one month at 4 °C and no cytotoxic effects on INS-1E cells up to 72 h. A trending increase (around 30 %) on glucose-dependent insulin secretion was observed by INS-1E cells pre-treated with VitD3. This effect was consistently observed in the free form and after loading on NLCs. Overall, this work contributed to further elucidation on a suitable delivery system for VitD3 and on the effects of this metabolite on β cell function.
The role of vitamin D in type 2 diabetes
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Increasing evidence from animal and human studies point to an important role of vitamin D in modifying risk of type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D has both direct (through activation of the vitamin D receptor) and indirect (via regulation of calcium homeostasis) effects on various mechanisms related to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, including pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, impaired insulin action, and systemic inflammation. Longitudinal observational studies report highly consistent results showing inverse associations between measured blood 25(OH)D concentration and risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The results from mostly underpowered trials and post hoc analyses of large trials that used small doses of vitamin D do not support a role of vitamin D for treatment of established type 2 diabetes or prevention of diabetes among those with normal glucose tolerance; however, in people with prediabetes, vitamin D reduces risk of progression from prediabetes to diabetes and promotes regression to normal glucose regulation. For optimal risk reduction, blood 25(OH) levels higher than those recommended by the National Academy of Medicine are needed.
Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms BsmI (rs 1544410) and TaqI rs (731236) with the type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraqi Patients from the middle Euphrates region
2021, Meta Gene
Diabetes mellitus is a condition with a defect in insulin secretion and insulin function. Some of the vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms related to increasing the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
400 patients and 400 healthy controls age-matched were enrolled in this study. BsmI (rs1544410) and TaqI (rs731236) were analyzed by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). After extraction of DNA, VDR BsmI and TaqI polymorphisms genotyped by using RFLP. Anthropometric data were calculated, and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D, HDL, TG, VLDL, total cholesterol, and insulin level were measured.
The bb, Bb and b allele of rs 1544410 has been significantly linked to an high risk of developing type 2 DM [OR = 2.75, p = 0.000 ], [OR = 2.17, P = 0.001] and [OR = 2.02, p = 0.000] respectively. The SNP were correlated with a high risk of T2DM in the various inheritance models, dominant [OR = 2.24, P = 0.000], and recessive[OR = 1.95, p = 0.001]. TG, VLDL, and HDL are shown significant differences in co-dominant patterns among genotypes in the patient's group. TaqI polymorphism of VDR in this study shows revealed insignificant differences between study subjects. HDL is only shown significant differences in among patient group study.
Our results revealed that the BsmI rs1544410 SNP has correlated with the risk of incident type 2 DM, while VDR TaqI polymorphism is no associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Iraqi population.
Changes in choroidal thickness after vitamin D supplementation in patients with vitamin D deficiency
2020, Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology
To determine the relationship between vitamin D (vit D) deficiency and choroidal thickness and to investigate changes in choroidal thickness after vit D treatment.
Sixty-five patients diagnosed with vit D deficiency (group 1) and 60 healthy individuals with normal vit D levels (group 2) were included in the study. The choroidal thickness in the subfoveal, nasal, and temporal regions of the fovea were measured manually using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. The choroidal thickness in the patients in group 1 was re-evaluated after treatment with vit D.
The groups were similar in terms of age and sex (p = 0.138 and p = 0.198, respectively). The subfoveal, temporal (500 and 1.500 µm), and nasal (500 and 1.500 µm) choroidal thickness values in group 1 were statistically significantly lower than those in group 2 (p < 0.001 for all). After vit D replacement therapy, there was a significant increase in the choroidal thicknesses compared with the pretreatment measurements (p < 0.001 for all). There was a positive correlation between vit D values and subfoveal, temporal (500 and 1.500 µm), and nasal (500 and 1.500 µm) choroidal thickness values (r = 0.558 and p < 0.001, r = 0.415 and p < 0.001, r = 0.352 and p < 0.001, r = 0.349 and p < 0.001, and r = 0.294 and p = 0.001, respectively).
The choroidal thickness decreased in patients with vit D deficiency. The choroidal thickness values increased after vit D replacement therapy. Serum vit D levels should be assessed in studies evaluating choroidal thickness.
Établir le lien entre une carence en vitamine D et l’épaisseur de la choroïde pour ensuite examiner l'effet de l'administration d'un supplément de vitamine D sur l’épaisseur de la choroïde.
Soixante-cinq patients qui ont reçu un diagnostic de carence en vitamine D (groupe 1) et 60 sujets sains qui présentaient des taux normaux de vitamine D (groupe 2) ont pris part à cette étude. L’épaisseur de la choroïde a été mesurée à la main dans les régions sous-fovéale, nasale et temporale de la fovéa. Pour ce faire, on a eu recours à la tomographie par cohérence optique à l'imagerie à profondeur améliorée. L’épaisseur de la choroïde dans le groupe 1 a été mesurée à nouveau après l'administration d'un supplément de vitamine D.
Les groupes étaient semblables en matière d’âge et de sexe (p = 0,138 et p = 0,198, respectivement). L’épaisseur de la choroïde mesurée dans la région sous-fovéale, temporale (500 et 1 500 µm) et nasale (500 et 1 500 µm) chez les sujets du groupe 1 était significativement moins élevée que chez ceux du groupe 2 (p < 0,001 pour l'ensemble des mesures). Il s'est produit, après l'administration d'un supplément de vitamine D, une hausse significative de l’épaisseur de la choroïde, comparativement aux mesures prétraitement (p < 0,001 pour l'ensemble des mesures). On a enregistré une corrélation positive entre le taux de vitamine D et l’épaisseur de la choroïde dans la région sous-fovéale, temporale (500 et 1 500 µm) et nasale (500 et 1 500 µm) (r = 0,558 et p < 0,001; r = 0,415 et p < 0,001; r = 0,352 et p < 0,001; r = 0,349 et p < 0,001 et r = 0,294 et p = 0,001, respectivement).
Si l’épaisseur de la choroïde est moindre chez les patients qui présentent une carence en vitamine D, on constate une augmentation de ce paramètre après l'administration d'un supplément de vitamine D. Il est donc important de mesurer les taux sériques de vitamine D dans les études évaluant l’épaisseur de la choroïde.
The Vitamin D Assessment (ViDA) study – Design and main findings
2020, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Accumulating evidence from observational studies indicates that vitamin D status is inversely associated with a many non-skeletal diseases. This has initiated the conduct of several large clinical trials to determine if high dose vitamin D supplementation (≥ 2000 IU/day or monthly equivalent) prevents non-skeletal disease including cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality. One of these trials is the Vitamin D Assessment (ViDA) Study which recruited 5110 participants, aged 50–84 years, mostly from primary care practices in Auckland, New Zealand. The intervention was a capsule that contained either 100,000 IU vitamin D3 or placebo, two of which were taken by each participant soon after randomization, and then monthly up to 31 July 2015 (median follow-up 3.3 years). Information on study outcomes came from self-completed questionnaires and health data collected routinely by the Ministry of Health. There was no effect of vitamin D on the main outcomes: cardiovascular disease, acute respiratory infections, non-vertebral fractures, falls and all cancer. In contrast, vitamin D increased persistence with taking statins among participants on long term statin therapy. Beneficial effects were seen also for lung function among ever smokers (especially if vitamin D deficient), and in participants with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for bone mineral density and arterial function. The findings support future research being carried out mainly in people who are vitamin D deficient, although there are practical and ethical issues in recruiting such people into future vitamin D supplementation trials.
The effect of high dose of intramuscular vitamin D supplement injections on depression in patients with type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency: A randomized controlled clinical trial
2020, Obesity Medicine
Although antidepressants can relieve the symptoms of depression in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, the effect of vitamin D supplementation as an antidepressant remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of intramuscular vitamin D supplement injections on depression and anthropometric indices in patients with type 2 diabetes who had vitamin D deficiency.
In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had vitamin D deficiency were randomly divided into two groups of 25 participants. The experimental group received 200,000 IU of vitamin D injection at week 0 and week 4 of the study. Anthropometric indices, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and Beck depression test were evaluated at the beginning and after 8 weeks.
There were no significant differences in the baseline measures of 25(OH)D concentrations between the experimental and the non-experimental groups (P = 0.78). No significant correlation was observed between the depression score and serum 25(OH)D concentrations (r = -0.008, P = 0.95). After two months, serum 25(OH)D concentrations significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the non-experimental group (p < 0.001). The mean measures of weight, fat level, waist to hip circumference ratio and the mean depression score were not significant in the two groups after the intervention.
The intramuscular vitamin D supplement injections increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had vitamin D deficiency, while it had no significant effect on the depression status. (http://www.irct.ir:IRCT20171003036539N2).

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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels decreased in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Ann. Epidemiol.

Am. J. Clin. Nutr.

Metabolism

Metabolism

Lancet

Lancet

Insulin secretion in uremia: effect of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D metabolites

Kidney Int.

Vitamin D deficiency inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin

Science

Cellular mechanisms of insulin release: effects of vitamin D deficiency and repletion on rat insulin secretion

Endocrinology

Dietary vitamin D is essential for normal insulin secretion from the perfused rat pancreas

J. Clin. Invest.

Influence of vitamin D status on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in the rabbit

Endocrinology

Vitamin D3 improves impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in the vitamin D-deficient rat in vivo

Endocrinology

Rapid normalization/stimulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 of insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in the vitamin D-deficient rat

Endocrinology

Vitamin D and pancreatic islet function 1. Time course for changes in insulin secretion and content during vitamin D deprivation and repletion

J. Endocrinol. Invest.

Arginine-induced insulin and growth hormone secretion in children with nutritional rickets

J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.

Effects of vitamin D deficiency and repletion on insulin and glucagon secretion in man

Diabetologia

Pancreatic secretion in man with subclinical vitamin D deficiency

Diabetologia

Effects of vitamin D on insulin and glucagon secretion in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Am. J. Clin. Nutr.

Natural and synthetic sources of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in man

Nature

Relative contributions of diet and sunlight to vitamin D state in the elderly

Br. Med. J.

Average latitudinal variation in ultraviolet radiation at the earth's surface

Photochem. Photobiol.

Seasonal changes in human plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Nature

Seasonal influence on insulin secretion in man

Clin. Sci.

Diurnal and seasonal variation in oral glucose tolerance: studies in the Antarctic

Diabetologia

The plasma insulin and growth hormone response to oral glucose: diurnal and seasonal observations in the Antarctic

Diabetologia

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ levels decreased in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus

Vitamin D₃ improves impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in the vitamin D-deficient rat in vivo

Rapid normalization/stimulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ of insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in the vitamin D-deficient rat