Rings of madness: Service areas of 19th century asylums in North America
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The madness they endured: A biocultural examination of women's experiences of structural violence within 20th-century Missouri state mental hospitals
2022, International Journal of PaleopathologyCitation Excerpt :Her efforts were largely successful and every U.S. state had at least one public asylum by the end of the 19th-century (Grob, 1994). However, many institutions were almost immediately unable to humanely sustain the unexpected rise in patients who were admitted and retained (Grob, 1994; Hunter et al., 1986). Asylums were originally intended to heal patients and discharge them back into society, but their curative mission was impeded by rapid overcrowding and medical ignorance surrounding physical and mental impairments.
The geography of institutional psychiatric care in France 1800-2000: Historical analysis of the spatial diffusion of specialised facilities for institutional care of mental illness
2010, Social Science and MedicineCitation Excerpt :Philo also points to developments from the late 18th to the middle of the 19th centuries, when initiatives to locate asylums in what were thought to be more humane and therapeutic settings outside major cities became increasingly influential. It seems that trends depend on national context since a rather contrasting American study (Hunter, Shannon, & Sambrook, 1986), reports the emergence and diffusion of public ‘lunatic asylums’ in the United States during the 19th century, demonstrating how over time the establishment of these facilities spread from the north-east to the west of the country. Further research conducted by Bretagnolle, Giraud, and Mathian (2008) on American urbanisation allows us to draw a parallel with the diffusion of the railway network, suggesting that in America, the diffusion of institutions for mental health care (as well as other services) followed geographical processes of colonization and social and economic development taking place at the time.
Distancing the mad: Jarvis's Law and the spatial distribution of admissions to the Hamilton Lunatic Asylum in Canada, 1876-1902
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