Elsevier

Neuroscience Letters

Volume 170, Issue 1, 28 March 1994, Pages 183-186
Neuroscience Letters

Circadian rhythms in the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and arginine-vasopressin in organotypic slice culture of rat suprachiasmatic nucleus

https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(94)90269-0Get rights and content

Abstract

Temporal profiles of the amount of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were examined in the medium of organotypic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) slice cultures over a 2-day period. Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) level was also measured in the same medium. The slices of the SCN were obtained from 7–8-day-old rats and cultured individually in tubes on a roller drum for 14 days. The VIP amount in the medium of SCN culture showed a circadian rhythm with a ∼22-h period. Circadian rhythms with identical periods were also observed in AVP amount of the same culture. However, the peak time of the VIP rhythm was slightly ahead of that of the AVP rhythm. Furthermore, the total VIP amount in the medium over a 24-h period was six times as large as that of AVP. These results suggest that there is a circadian rhythm of VIP which is released from the ventrolateral SCN.

References (30)

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    The current concept is that VIP can directly stimulate GnRH neurons’ firing in a time-dependent manner, and VP neurons project directly to the AVPV Kp neurons. About 50% of the AVPV Kp neurons receive SCN VP fibers (Vida et al., 2010) and the daily pattern of VP synthesis and release matches Kp neuron activity with a peak in the late afternoon (Shinohara et al., 1994). Moreover, VP injection in the AVPV area induces an LH surge, even in SCN-lesioned animals (Palm et al., 1999), and conversely, infusion of a VP antagonist on the day of proestrus prevents the LH surge (Funabashi et al., 1999).

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    Release sampling has been used to assess temporal release patterns of peptides, but observations have been limited to known SCN peptides. Prior to applying peptidomic methods of analysis, AVP and VIP were the only peptides reported to be released in a circadian rhythmic pattern [29,34,60]. To evaluate the peptidome of released peptides, mass spectra were obtained over a 24-h collection period [37].

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    On the other hand some workers have reported rat SCN with no VIP rhythmicity (Albers et al., 1987). However, in diurnal humans VIP does not exhibit diurnal fluctuations though vasopressin (VP) has been reported to exhibit daily rhythmicity (Hofman and Swaab, 1994; Shinohara et al., 1994; Hofman et al., 1996). In diurnal A. ansorgei VIP has been reported maximum at ZT-18 in light dark condition and in continuous dark condition at CT-12 (Dardente et al., 2004).

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    Although some inconsistencies exist in the available data, it is generally believed that the shell shows robust endogenous expression rhythms, whereas rhythms in the core are damped or absent (Takeuchi et al., 1992; Cagampang et al., 1994; Nishiwaki et al., 1995; Guido et al., 1999; Ibata et al., 1999; Schwartz et al., 2000; Yan and Okamura, 2002). Several single unit electrical activity recordings have confirmed this distinction (Shibata et al., 1984a; Derambure and Boulant, 1994; Jiao et al., 1999; Nakamura et al., 2001; Saeb-Parsy and Dyball, 2003), but multiunit electrical activity in both parts of the rat-SCN slice, as well as the release of VIP and vasopressin, show robust rhythmicity (Shinohara et al., 1994, 1995; Honma et al., 1998a; Schaap et al., 2003; Albus et al., 2005). The cause of these differences remains to be determined.

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