Changes in the pattern of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in rat superior colliculus following retinal and visual cortical lesions
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Cholinergic nervous system and glaucoma: From basic science to clinical applications
2019, Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :The neurotransmitter spectrum of RGCs is, in large part, unknown due to many reasons. RGCs have been verified to be immunoreactive to glutamate by many studies with its positive signals in the cell bodies (Crooks and Kolb, 1992; Davanger et al., 1991; Jojich and Pourcho, 1996; Kalloniatis and Fletcher, 1993; Sun and Crossland, 2000) as well as axon terminals (Beaudet et al., 1981; Ehinger, 1981; Mize and Butler, 1996; Montero, 1994; Ortega et al., 1995). These observations have strengthened the indication of glutamate excitotoxicity-mediated mechanism of glaucoma, despite the fact that the exact role of glutamate signaling in RGCs is still elusive.
Inflammatory responses in the rat superior colliculus after eye enucleation
2014, Brain Research BulletinCitation Excerpt :Several studies have suggested that ocular enucleation results in profound alterations in the SC. In the rat, it has been demonstrated that eye enucleation causes selective decrease in the immunoreactivity for glutamate receptors into the contralateral SC (Kim and Jeon, 1999; Ortega et al., 1995). The volume of stratum griseum superficiale (SGS), one of the superficial layers of the SC, was reduced by about 40% on the side contralateral to the enucleated eye, in the same way as the numerical density of neurons (Smith and Bedi, 1997).
Eye enucleation activates the transcription nuclear factor kappa-B in the rat superior colliculus
2012, Neuroscience LettersCitation Excerpt :As this transcription factor acts broadly influencing gene expression events that impact cell survival, it is likely to contribute to the intense plastic activity occurring after such lesions, even in adult animals, a hypothesis that remains yet to be directly tested. Among a variety of different stimuli, it is particularly important to mention glutamate as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) as relevant inducers of NF-κB activation [6], since they have been described in retinorecipient structures after retinal lesions [20,23,10]. Although this study did not include an attempt to establish a direct relationship between glutamate and ROS on NF-κB activation, these data may lead to the speculation that both could be involved in NF-κB activation after retinal removal.
Same-session functional assessment of rat retina and brain with manganese-enhanced MRI
2011, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :Data from negative control regions were tested in the same fashion. To coarsely relate functional data to histological boundaries, cortical and SC layer thicknesses were derived from previous literature and averaged as in Bissig and Berkowitz (2009) (cortex: Gabbot and Stewart, 1987; Kreig, 1946; Zilles, 1985; SC: Ortega et al., 1995; Pellegrino et al., 1979; Toga and Collins, 1981). As for the retina, tests for stimulation-dependent layer-specific retinal manganese uptake were combined across experiments using the weighted Z-transform method.