Elsevier

Hearing Research

Volume 65, Issues 1–2, February 1993, Pages 216-233
Hearing Research

Interrelations between transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions, spontaneous otoacoustic emissions and acoustic distortion products in normally hearing subjects

https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(93)90215-MGet rights and content

Abstract

Active cochlear mechanisms and especially outer hair cells seem to be involved in oto-acoustic emissions (OAEs) genesis. This study sought to investigate basic characteristics of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs), click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TOAEs) and interrelations between SOAEs, TOAEs and 2f1f2 and 2f2f1 distortion product OAEs (DPOAEs) in 135 normally hearing subjects. A gender effect was shown on TOAEs and DPOAEs amplitude, and is attributed to the higher incidence of SOAEs in women (58%) than in men (22%). Moreover, SOAEs presence seems to mask the age effect found, especially at high frequency components, on TOAEs amplitude. A general influence of SOAEs on TOAEs and DPOAEs is shown, especially at frequencies ranging from 1 kHz to 3 kHz, collecting more than 66% of the SOAEs peaks recorded. Lastly, correlations between TOAEs frequency band amplitude and 2f1f2 DPOAEs amplitude, shows frequency specificity, at least at low frequencies (i.e., from 0.5 to 2 kHz) in agreement with previous works suggesting that the 2f1f2 DPOAEs generation site is at the geometric mean of the primaries. The same correlations calculated with 2f2f1 DPOAEs amplitude show frequency specificity at low frequencies i.e., at 800 Hz and 1600 Hz. 2f2f1 DPOAEs in humans are shown to be generated near the 2f2f1 frequency region on the cochlear partition.

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      Additionally, SOAEs have been shown to demonstrate statistical properties consistent with self-sustained sinusoids (Bialek and Wit, 1984; Shera, 2003), suggestive as evidence for an amplification process at work in the ear. However, the study of SOAEs for evaluating cochlear status has been limited, presumably due to their relatively low incidence in normal-hearing individuals: human SOAEs occur in roughly 60–80% of women and 25–60% of men (Moulin et al., 1993; Whitehead et al., 1993; Talmadge et al., 1993).1 When SOAEs are present, they are typically sparsely distributed and at idiosyncratic frequencies, making them difficult to use for audiological screening purposes.

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