Stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions from guinea pig and human subjects

doi:10.1016/0378-5955(95)00124-9

Hearing Research

Volume 90, Issues 1–2, October 1995, Pages 1-11

https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(95)00124-9 Get rights and content

Abstract

Stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) have previously been recorded from human subjects by the suppression of a continuous stimulus tone generated OAE by a second tone (Kemp et al., 1990). This study presents comparative data from guinea pig and human subjects using a similar method. Differences between human and guinea pig responses to suppressor tones of higher frequency than the stimulus tone are reported. The most effective suppressors of the SFOAE in human subjects was found to be a tone of the same or slightly higher frequency than the continuous stimulus tone. In guinea pigs, this stimulus condition was found to be less effective than higher-frequency suppressors. Large phase changes were found in the SFOAE from guinea pigs when higher-frequency suppressors were employed. These were not seen in the human data. Changes in the SFOAE latency from guinea pig ears were also found as the suppressing tone frequency moved above that of the stimulus tone. These level and phase effects, when taken together with latency changes, may be indicative of the differing contributions of stimulus-place generated OAEs and those from more basal elements to the total emission recorded in the meatus in guinea pig. The results are discussed in view of the known species differences in the tuning characteristics at the frequency region studied.

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Cited by (14)

A comparison of OAEs arising from different generation mechanisms in guinea pig
2005, Hearing Research
Otoacoustic emissions provide unambiguous evidence that the cochlea supports energy propagation both towards, and away from, the stapes. The standard wave model for energy transport and cochlear mechanical amplification provides for compressional and inertial waves to transport this energy, the compressional wave through the fluids and the inertial wave along the basilar membrane via fluid coupling. It is generally accepted that energy propagation away from the stapes is dominated by a traveling wave mechanism along the basilar membrane. The mechanism by which energy is predominantly transported back to the stapes remains controversial. Here, we compared signal onset delay measurements and rise/steady-state/fall times for SFOAEs and 2f₁ − f₂ OAEs (f₂/f₁ = 1.2) obtained using a pulsed-tone paradigm in guinea pig. Comparison of 2f₁ − f₂ OAE signal onset delay for the OAE arising from the f₂ region with SFOAE signal onset delay (matched to the f₂ stimulus frequency) based on signal onset occurring at 10% of the peak signal amplitude was suggestive of a bi-directional traveling wave mechanism. However, significant variability in signal onset delay and signal rise, steady-state duration, and fall times for both the 2f₁ − f₂ OAE and SFOAE was found, qualifying this interpretation. Such variability requires explanation, awaiting further studies.
The origin of SFOAE microstructure in the guinea pig
2003, Hearing Research
Human stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) evoked by low-level stimuli have previously been shown to have properties consistent with such emissions arising from a linear place-fixed reflection mechanism with SFOAE microstructure thought to be due to a variation in the effective reflectance with position along the cochlea [Zweig and Shera, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98 (1995) 2018–2047]. Here we report SFOAEs in the guinea pig obtained using a nonlinear extraction paradigm from the ear-canal recording that show amplitude and phase microstructure akin to that seen in human SFOAEs. Inverse Fourier analysis of the SFOAE spectrum indicates that SFOAEs in the guinea pig are a stimulus level-dependent mix of OAEs arising from linear-reflection and nonlinear-distortion mechanisms. Although the SFOAEs are dominated by OAE generated by a linear-reflection mechanism at low and moderate stimulus levels, nonlinear distortion can dominate some part of, or all of, the emission spectrum at high levels. Amplitude and phase microstructure in the guinea pig SFOAE is evidently a construct of (i) the complex addition of nonlinear-distortion and linear-reflection components; (ii) variation in the effective reflectance with position along the cochlea; and perhaps (iii) the complex addition of multiple intra-cochlear reflections.
The role of intermodulation distortion in transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions
1999, Hearing Research
Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) are low-intensity sounds recorded in the external ear canal immediately following stimulation by a transient stimulus, typically a click. While the details of their production is unknown, there is evidence to suggest that the amplitude of each component frequency reflects the physiological condition of the corresponding region of the cochlea. Certain observations are at variance with this assumption, however, suggesting that pathology at a basal site within the cochlea might affect the production of emissions at frequencies which are not characteristic for that site. We have recorded click-evoked emissions in guinea pigs using high-pass clicks and found emissions at frequencies which are not present in the stimulus and which could not, therefore, have originated from the characteristic place for those emission frequencies. These new frequencies are, by definition, intermodulation distortion frequencies and must have been generated from combinations of frequencies in the stimulus by non-linear processes within the cochlea. Further processing of the emissions by Kemp’s technique of non-linear recovery showed that the magnitude of emissions at frequencies within the stimulus frequency pass-band was approximately the same as that of frequencies not present in the stimulus. We propose that, in guinea pigs at least, most of the click-evoked emission energy is generated as intermodulation distortion, produced by non-linear intermodulation between various frequency components of the stimulus. If this result is confirmed in humans, many of the anomalies in the literature may be resolved.
Research development of stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emission
2020, Yi Qi Yi Biao Xue Bao/Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument
Characteristic of stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions: Detection rate, musical training influence, and gain function
2019, Brain Sciences
The influence of probe level on the tuning of stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions and behavioral test in human
2016, BioMedical Engineering Online

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Stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions from guinea pig and human subjects

Abstract

Hear. Res.

Hear. Res.

Hear. Res.

Hear. Res.

Time domain observation of otoacoustic emissions during constant-tone stimulation

J. Acoust. Soc. Am.

Suppression of stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions

J. Acoust. Soc. Am.

Measurement of acoustic distortion reveals underlying similarities between human and rodent mechanical responses

J. Acoust. Soc. Am.

Acoustic distortion as a measure of frequency selectivity: relation to psychophysical equivalent rectangular bandwidth

J. Acoust. Soc. Am.

The frequency response and other properties of single fibres in the guinea pig cochlear nerve

J. Physiol.

Correspondence between behavioural and physiological frequency selectivity in the guinea pig

Br. J. Audiol.