ArticleA comparison of the effects of prenatal exposure to tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and caffeine on birth size and subsequent growth
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Long-term effects of prenatal cannabis exposure: Pathways to adolescent and adult outcomes
2022, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorEffects of prenatal cannabis use on fetal and neonatal development and its association with neuropsychiatric disorders: A systematic review
2020, Neurology Psychiatry and Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :This review resulted in twenty-six studies supporting the evidence that prenatal cannabis exposure was correlated with adverse fetal outcome either in intra-uterine life and/or in short-term and/or in long term after birth. However, five studies of prenatal marijuana exposure was not associated with negative birth outcome (Chabarria et al., 2016; Fried & O’Connell, 1987; Mark, Desai, & Terplan, 2016; van Gelder et al., 2010; Zammit et al., 2009). Also, a study concluded that the use of cannabis during pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of perinatal mortality or morbidity but frequent and regular use throughout pregnancy may be associated with small but statistically detectable decrements in birthweight (Fergusson, Horwood, & Northstone, 2002).
Combined vapor exposure to THC and alcohol in pregnant rats: Maternal outcomes and pharmacokinetic effects
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2018, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology