Original articleSensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests in acute maxillary sinusitis determined by maximum likelihood in the absence of an external standard
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Problems in detecting misfit of latent class models in diagnostic research without a gold standard were shown
2016, Journal of Clinical EpidemiologyCitation Excerpt :The latent class model combines the information from multiple, generally three or more, imperfect diagnostic tests to uncover the unobserved disease structure. This approach has, for example, been used to study the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical assays of bladder tumors [10], to evaluate diagnostic tests to detect visceral leishmaniasis [11,12], to estimate diagnostic accuracy of test for acute maxillary sinusitis [13], and the accuracy of surgeons' classifications of bone fracture types [14]. The standard two-class latent class model that accounts for most applications in diagnostic accuracy and disease prevalence studies [15] relies on making two interrelated assumptions: (1) existence of two classes representing groups of true target disease-positive subjects and true target disease-negative subjects and (2) local independence with respect to the imperfect diagnostic test used in the latent class analysis [16]: the outcomes of the diagnostic test are stochastically independent conditional on class membership.
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2013, Journal of Clinical EpidemiologyCitation Excerpt :However, all these approaches aimed at corrections either when only results of the test of interest vs. the surrogate were available or in the situation in which each individual received all tests. De Bock et al. [11] suggested a solution when at least two types of reference tests were applied under the assumption that sensitivity and specificity of the candidate test did not change across studies. This assumption often fails for tests, such as the D-dimer, which admit different cutoffs for positivity.
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2001, Disease-a-MonthCitation Excerpt :A study correlating CT scan and B-mode ultrasound findings demonstrated a sensitivity for ultrasound of 72.8% for the maxillary sinuses, 23.1% for the frontal sinuses, and 11.3% for the ethmoids.31 Compared with clinical evaluation, the sensitivity of B-mode ultrasound was 36% and the specificity was 90%.32 Because ultrasound is technique-sensitive, there may be marked variations in the reliability of the information provided.33