Reexamination of the African hominoid trichotomy with additional sequences from the primate β-globin gene cluster

doi:10.1016/1055-7903(92)90024-B

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

Volume 1, Issue 2, June 1992, Pages 97-135

https://doi.org/10.1016/1055-7903(92)90024-B Get rights and content

Abstract

Additional DNA sequence information from a range of primates, including 13.7 kb from pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus), was added to data sets of β-globin gene cluster sequence alignments that span the γ¹, γ², and ψη loci and their flanking and intergenic regions. This enlarged body of data was used to address the issue of whether the ancestral separations of gorilla, chimpanzee, and human lineages resulted from only one trichotomous branching or from two dichotomous branching events. The degree of divergence, corrected for super-imposed substitutions, seen in the β-globin gene cluster between human alleles is about a third to a half that observed between two species of chimpanzee and about a fourth that between human and chimpanzee. The divergence either between chimpanzee and gorilla or between human and gorilla is slightly greater than that between human and chimpanzee, suggesting that the ancestral separations resulted from two closely spaced dichotomous branchings. Maximum parsimony analysis further strengthened the evidence that humans and chimpanzees share the longest common ancestry. Support for this human-chimpanzee clade is statistically significant at P = 0.002 over a human-gorilla clade or a chimpanzee-gorilla clade. An analysis of expected and observed homoplasy revealed that the number of sequence changes uniquely shared by human and chimpanzee lineages is too large to be attributed to homoplasy. Molecular clock calculations that accommodated lineage variations in rates of molecular evolution yielded hominoid branching times that ranged from 17–19 million years ago (MYA) for the separation of gibbon from the other hominoids to 5–7 MYA for the separation of chimpanzees from humans. Based on the relatively late dates and mounting corroborative evidence from unlinked nuclear genes and mitochondrial DNA for the close sister grouping of humans and chimpanzees, a cladistic classification would place all apes and humans in the same family. Within this family, gibbons would be placed in one subfamily and all other extant hominoids in another subfamily. The later subfamily would be divided into a tribe for orangutans and another tribe for gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans. Finally, gorillas would be placed in one subtribe with chimpanzees and humans in another, although this last division is not as strongly supported as the other divisions.

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¹: Present address: Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.

²: Present address: Department of Anatomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.

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Reexamination of the African hominoid trichotomy with additional sequences from the primate β-globin gene cluster

Abstract

J. Hum. Evol

Methods Enzymol

Genomics

J. Biol. Chem

Cell

Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol

J. Mol. Biol

J. Mot. Biol

J. Biol. Chem

Gene

J. Mol. Biol

J. Theor. Biol

Cell

Cell

J. Biol. Chem

J. Biol. Chem

J. Mol. Biol

Genomics

J. Mol. Biol

Aspects of hominoid phylogeny

DNA polymorphism in the α- and β-globin gene clusters and molecular etiology of the thalassemia syndromes in man

Molecular evolution of the ψη-globin gene locus: Gibbon phylogeny and the hominoid slowdown

Mol. Biol. Evol

DNA divergence among hominoids

Evolution

Nonuniform recombination within the human β-globin gene cluster

Am. J. Hum. Genet

Isolation and nucleotide sequence analysis of the (3-type globin pseudogene from human, gorilla, and chimpanzee

J. Mol. Biol

The molecular genetics of human hemoglobin

Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol

Perspectives from amino acid and nucleotide sequences on cladistic relationships among higher taxa of eutheria

Immunodiffusion evidence on the anthropology of the primates

Vectorial expansion of the involucrin gene and the relatedness of the hominoids

The involucrin gene of the gibbon: The middle region shared by the hominoids

Mol. Biol. Evol

Phylogenies from molecular sequences: Inference and reliability

Annu. Rev. Genet

Duplication of the γ-globin gene mediated by Ll long interspersed repetitive elements in an early ancestor of simian primates

Primate Adaptation and Evolution

Gene sequences suggest inactivation of α-1,3-galactosyltransferase in catarrhines after the divergence of apes from monkeys

Nucleotide sequence, evolution, and expression of the fetal globin gene of the spider monkey, Ateles geoffroyi

Primate evolution: Evidence from the fossil record, comparative morphology, and molecular biology

Yearb. Phys. Anthropol

Ribosomal RNA gene sequences and hominoid phylogeny

Mol. Biol. Evol

Immunochemistry of the primates and primate evolution

Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci

Man's place in the phylogeny of the primates as reflected in serum proteins

Towards a genealogical description of the primates

Update to “Evolution of the immunologic species specificity of human serum proteins”

Hum. Biol

The phylogeny of human globin genes investigated by the maximum parsimony method

J. Mol. Evol