Acculturation

This paper presents the findings of a systematic review that synthesizes the qualitative findings for acculturation and education experiences among African-born migrants. Systematic searches were conducted across seven databases for English language studies using qualitative research methodologies. The search strategy identified 25 studies (n = 511), and a meta-synthesis of their findings revealed that typically adoption of host culture enhanced African-born migrants' academic achievement, academic adjustment, and peer relationships, participation in education, and parent and guardian-based support. The findings were interpreted as suggesting that migrants who can adopt the host culture have better educational experiences. However, adoption of host culture in some cases was not related to better educational experiences. The findings of this review have implications for policy to support African-born migrants.

Whilst food choices may change when exposed to a new culture, the time and extent of the acculturation process is not clear. Focus groups (FGs) were used to explore whether recent Chinese immigrants to New Zealand (NZ) could be representative of consumer product opinions in China and whether these could be associated with residence time. Four population groups - Chinese in Beijing (BJ), Chinese in NZ for less (CH < 3y) or more (CH > 3y) than 3 years, and NZ Europeans in NZ (NZE) - were recruited to consider drinking yoghurt. FGs were conducted in Chinese or English using the same discussion guide. Transcripts were uploaded into NVivo software to extract key themes using an interpretive coding approach. CH < 3y described a liking for sweet yoghurt with low sourness, aligning with BJ. However, CH > 3y closely matched NZE, particularly for sweetness intensity. The only attribute that was not affected across immigrants was “thickness”, where thick drinking yoghurt was liked more, in line with BJ, compared to NZE. Reasons, type and temperature of consumption described by CH < 3y closely matched BJ, but some habits had changed, particularly regarding consumption at breakfast time. In contrast, CH > 3y mainly consume chilled yoghurt closely aligning with NZE, indicating that habits were associated with residence time. This exploratory study revealed that, for English speaking Chinese immigrants, the acculturation processes could take at least 3 years to affect immigrant attribute liking, but liking for some attributes was maintained, even after a longer time of residence. This understanding suggests that, with caution, recent immigrants may be an option to mimic overseas consumers in initial consumer product evaluations, especially when travelling is not possible in pandemic situations.

There are numerous studies examining the experiences of migrant nurses. However, there is less literature related to the concomitant experience of host nurses.

This is the first identified study of the cultural influences on perceptions, practices and cross-cultural communication interface between Registered Nurses (RNs) from diverse ethnicities across the Aotearoa-New Zealand (NZ) health sector.

A mixed-methods online questionnaire survey was designed to identify key influences on RNs in a rapidly culturally-diversifying healthcare environment. The critical incident technique provided further insight into cultural influences on communication and practice.

259 respondents completed the questionnaire sent to a random sample of RNs in the New Zealand Nurses Organisation (NZNO) database.

The survey identified key factors present in the cross-cultural interface between host and migrant nurses. Principal components analysis uncovered the underlying structure of variables and thematic analysis of the qualitative data provided enhanced insight.

Three key areas accounted for 57.23% of variance: Factor 1: teamwork (40.2%); Factor 2: management (12.2%) and Factor 3: Organisational culture (4%). Sub-themes accompanied each factor to illustrate the impact on both groups of RNs.

There was a clear desire for RNs, both host and migrant nurses, for support to enable them to foster good working relationships in collaborative teams. Empathetic, culturally-competent managers and organisational resources are required to facilitate this process.